Compounds and methods for modulating expression of gcgr

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure describes short antisense compounds, including such compounds comprising chemically-modified high-affinity monomers 8-16 monomers in length. Certain such short antisense compound are useful for the reduction of target nucleic acids and/or proteins in cells, tissues, and animals with increased potency and improved therapeutic index. Thus, provided herein are short antisense compounds comprising high-affinity nucleotide modifications useful for reducing a target RNA in vivo. Such short antisense compounds are effective at lower doses than previously described antisense compounds, allowing for a reduction in toxicity and cost of treatment. In addition, the described short antisense compounds have greater potential for oral dosing.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The present application is being filed along with a Sequence Listing in electronic format. The Sequence Listing is provided as a file entitled CORE0061WO13SEQ.TXT, created on May 7, 2007 which is 700 Kb in size. The information in the electronic format of the sequence listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Targeting disease-causing gene sequences was first suggested nearly 40 years ago (Belikova et al., Tet. Lett., 1967, 37, 3557-3562), and antisense activity was demonstrated in cell culture a decade later (Zamecnik et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1978, 75, 280-284). One advantage of antisense technology in the treatment of a disease or condition that stems from a disease-causing gene is that it is a direct genetic approach that has the ability to modulate expression of specific disease-causing genes.

Generally, the principle behind antisense technology is that an antisense compound hybridizes to a target nucleic acid and effects modulation of gene expression activity or function, such as transcription, translation or splicing. The modulation of gene expression can be achieved by, for example, target degradation or occupancy-based inhibition. An example of modulation of RNA target function by degradation is RNase H-based degradation of the target RNA upon hybridization with a DNA-like antisense compound. Another example of modulation of gene expression by target degradation is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi is a form of antisense-mediated gene silencing involving the introduction of dsRNA leading to the sequence-specific reduction of targeted endogenous mRNA levels. Sequence-specificity makes antisense compounds extremely attractive as tools for target validation and gene functionalization, as well as research tools for identifying and characterizing nucleases and as therapeutics to selectively modulate the expression of genes involved in the pathogenesis of any one of a variety of diseases.

Antisense technology is an effective means for reducing the expression of one or more specific gene products and can therefore prove to be uniquely useful in a number of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. Chemically modified nucleosides are routinely used for incorporation into antisense compounds to enhance one or more properties, such as nuclease resistance, pharmacokinetics or affinity for a target RNA.

Despite the expansion of knowledge since the discovery of antisense technology, there remains an unmet need for antisense compounds with greater efficacy, reduced toxicity and lower cost. Until the present disclosure, high-affinity modifications have not been employed in the design of short antisense compounds for reducing target RNA in vivo. This is because of concerns regarding the degree of target specificity that a sequence 15 nucleotides or shorter would have when employed to reduce target in a living system. Previous studies have described that greater specificity, and therefore greater potential for potency, is achieved by antisense compounds between 16 and 20 nucleobases in length.

The present disclosure describes incorporation of chemically-modified high-affinity nucleotides into antisense compounds allows for short antisense compounds about 8-16 nucleobases in length useful in the reduction of target RNAs in animals with increased potency and improved therapeutic index. Thus, provided herein are short antisense compounds comprising high-affinity nucleotide modifications useful for reducing a target RNA in vivo. Such short antisense compounds are effective at lower doses than previously described antisense compounds, allowing for a reduction in toxicity and cost of treatment.

SUMMARY

Disclosed herein are short antisense compounds and methods of using said compounds to reduce target RNA expression in cells or tissues. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of reducing expression of a target in an animal, comprising administering to the animal a short antisense compound targeted to a nucleic acid of such target. In certain embodiments, shorts antisense compounds are oligonucleotide compounds. In certain embodiments short antisense oligonucleotides are about 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length and comprises a gap region flanked on each side by a wing, wherein each wing independently consists of 1 to 3 nucleotides. Preferred motifs include but are not limited to wing-deoxy gap-wing motifs selected from 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1. In a preferred embodiment, the short antisense oligonucleotide comprise at least one high-affinity modification. In a further embodiment, the high-affinity modification includes chemically-modified high-affinity nucleotides. In a preferred embodiment, each wing independently consists of 1 to 3 high-affinity modified nucleotides. In one embodiment the high affinity modified nucleotides are sugar-modified nucleotides.

In certain embodiments short antisense compounds exhibit greater uptake in the gut as compared to antisense compounds of greater length. Thus, also provided herein are methods of reducing a target in an animal, comprising orally administering the short antisense compounds of the present invention.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a nucleic acid encoding a protein selected from ApoB, SGLT2, PCSK9, SOD1, CRP, GCCR, GCGR, DGAT2, PTP1B and PTEN.

Further provided are methods of treating a metabolic disorder in an animal, comprising administering to an animal in need of such therapy a short antisense compound targeted to a nucleic acid involved in regulating glucose metabolism or clearance, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, or insulin signaling.

Also provided are methods of increasing insulin sensitivity, decreasing blood glucose or decreasing HbA_(1c) in an animal, comprising administering to said animal a short antisense compound targeted to a nucleic acid encoding a target involved in regulating glucose metabolism or clearance, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, or insulin signaling.

Further provided are methods of decreasing total serum cholesterol, serum LDL, serum VLDL, serum HDL, serum triglycerides, serum apolipoprotein(a) or free fatty acids in an animal, comprising administering to said animal a short antisense compound targeted to a nucleic acid encoding a target that is involved in regulating glucose metabolism or clearance, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, or insulin signaling, wherein said short antisense compound is 8 to 16 nucleotides in length and comprises a gap region flanked on each side by a wing, wherein each wing independently consists of 1 to 3 high-affinity modified nucleotides.

Certain targets involved in regulating glucose metabolism or clearance, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism, or insulin signaling include, but are not limited to, GCGR and ApoB-100. Thus, provided are short antisense compounds targeting nucleic acids encoding GCGR and ApoB-100 and methods of reducing expression of said targets and/or target nucleic acids in animal. In addition, provided is the use of short antisense compounds targeting nucleic acids encoding GCGR, and ApoB-100 for the treatment of a metabolic or cardiovascular disease or condition.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds further comprise a conjugate group. Conjugate groups include, but are not limited to, C₁₆ and cholesterol.

In certain embodiments short antisense compounds comprise at least one modified nucleobase, internucleoside linkage or sugar moiety. In certain embodiments, such modified internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage. In certain embodiments, each internucleoside linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise at least one high affinity modification. In certain such embodiments, the high-affinity modification is a chemically-modified high-affinity nucleotide. In certain embodiments, chemically-modified high affinity nucleotides are sugar-modified nucleotides. In certain embodiments, at least one of the sugar-modified nucleotides comprises a bridge between the 4′ and the 2′ position of the sugar. Each of the sugar-modified nucleotides is, independently, in the β-D or α-L sugar conformation. In certain embodiments, each of said high-affinity modified nucleotides confers a T_(m) of at least 1 to 4 degrees per nucleotide. In certain embodiments, each of said sugar-modified nucleotides comprises a 2′-substituent group that is other than H or OH. Such sugar-modified nucleotides include those having a 4′ to 2′ bridged bicyclic sugar moiety. In certain embodiments, each of the 2′-substituent groups is, independently, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, or halogen. In certain embodiments, each of the 2′-substituent groups is OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ (2′-MOE).

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have one or more sugar-modified nucleotides comprising a bridge between the 4′ and 2′ position of the sugar, wherein each of said bridges independently comprises from 2 to 4 linked groups independently selected from —[C(R₁)(R₂)]_(n)—, —C(R₁)═C(R₂)—, —C(R₁—)═N—, —C(═NR₁)—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —O—, —Si(R₁)₂—, —S(═O)_(n)— and —N(R₁)—;

wherein

-   -   x is 0, 1, or 2;     -   n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;         -   each R₁ and R₂ is, independently, H, a protecting group,             hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂             alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C_(2 The)-C₁₂ alkynyl,             substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀ aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀             aryl, heterocycle radical, substituted heterocycle radical,             heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical,             substituted C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical, halogen, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂,             SJ₁, N₃, COOJ₁, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted acyl, CN,             sulfonyl (S(═O)₂-J₁), or sulfoxyl (S(═O)-J₁); and         -   each J₃ and J₂ is, independently, H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl,             substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂             alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀             aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀ aryl, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted             acyl, a heterocycle radical, a substituted heterocycle             radical, C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl or             a protecting group.

In one aspect, each of said bridges is, independently, —[C(R₁)(R₂)]_(n)—, —[C(R₁)(R₂)]_(n)—O—, —C(R₁R₂)—N(R₁)—O— or —C(R₁R₂)—O—N(R₁)—. In another aspect, each of said bridges is, independently, 4′-(CH₂)₃-2′,4′-(CH₂)₂-2′,4′-CH₂—O-2′,4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′,4′-CH₂—O—N(R₁)-2′ and 4′-CH₂—N(R₁)—O-2′- wherein each R₁ is, independently, H, a protecting group or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, provided herein are short antisense compounds useful in the reduction of targets and/or target RNAs associated with disease states in animals. In certain embodiments, provided are methods of using the short antisense compounds for reducing expression of a target RNA in an animal. In certain embodiments, provided herein is the use of a short antisense compound in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a metabolic disorder in an animal. In certain embodiments, provided herein is the use of a short antisense compound in the preparation of a medicament for increasing insulin sensitivity, decreasing blood glucose or decreasing HbA_(1c) in an animal. Also provided is the use of a short antisense compound in the preparation of a medicament for decreasing total serum cholesterol, serum LDL, serum VLDL, serum HDL, serum triglycerides, serum apolipoprotein(a) or free fatty acids in an animal.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds provided herein exhibit equal or increased potency with regard to target RNA knockdown as compared to longer parent antisense oligonucleotide at least 20 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds exhibit a faster onset of action (target RNA reduction) as compared to the parent antisense oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, increased potency is in the kidney. In certain embodiments, target RNA is predominately expressed in the kidney. In certain embodiments, increased potency is in the liver. In certain embodiments, target RNA is predominately expressed in the liver.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. Herein, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. As used herein, the use of “or” means “and/or” unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the term “including” as well as other forms, such as “includes” and “included”, is not limiting. Also, terms such as “element” or “component” encompass both elements and components comprising one unit and elements and components that comprise more than one subunit, unless specifically stated otherwise.

The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described. All documents, or portions of documents, cited in this application, including, but not limited to, patents, patent applications, articles, books, and treatises, are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety for any purpose. U.S. patent application Ser. Nos 10/712,795 and 10/200,710 are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety for any purpose.

A. DEFINITIONS

Unless specific definitions are provided, the nomenclature utilized in connection with, and the procedures and techniques of, analytical chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, and medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry described herein are those well known and commonly used in the art. Standard techniques may be used for chemical synthesis, chemical analysis, pharmaceutical preparation, formulation and delivery, and treatment of subjects. Certain such techniques and procedures may be found for example in “Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research” Edited by Sangvi and Cook, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 1994; and “Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,” Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 18th edition, 1990; and which is hereby incorporated by reference for any purpose. Where permitted, all patents, applications, published applications and other publications and sequences from GenBank and other data bases referred to throughout in the disclosure herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Unless otherwise indicated, the following terms have the following meanings:

As used herein, the term “nucleoside” means a glycosylamine comprising a nucleobase and a sugar. Nucleosides includes, but are not limited to, naturally occurring nucleosides, abasic nucleosides, modified nucleosides, and nucleosides having mimetic bases and/or sugar groups.

As used herein, the term “nucleotide” refers to a glycosomine comprising a nucleobase and a sugar having a phosphate group covalently linked to the sugar. Nucleotides may be modified with any of a variety of substituents.

As used herein, the term “nucleobase” refers to the base portion of a nucleoside or nucleotide. A nucleobase may comprise any atom or group of atoms capable of hydrogen bonding to a base of another nucleic acid.

As used herein, the term “heterocyclic base moiety” refers to a nucleobase comprising a heterocycle.

As used herein, the term “deoxyribonucleotide” means a nucleotide having a hydrogen at the 2′ position of the sugar portion of the nucleotide. Deoxyribonucleotides may be modified with any of a variety of substituents.

As used herein, the term “ribonucleotide” means a nucleotide having a hydroxy at the 2′ position of the sugar portion of the nucleotide. Ribonucleotides may be modified with any of a variety of substituents.

As used herein, the term “oligomeric compound” refers to a polymeric structure comprising two or more sub-structures and capable of hybridizing to a region of a nucleic acid molecule. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are oligonucleosides. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are antisense compounds. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are antisense oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are short antisense compounds. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are chimeric oligonucleotides.

As used herein, the term “monomer” refers to a single unit of an oligomer. Monomers include, but are not limited to, nucleosides and nucleotides, whether naturally occurring or modified.

As used herein “oligonucleoside” refers to an oligonucleotide in which the internucleoside linkages do not contain a phosphorus atom.

As used herein, the term “oligonucleotide” refers to an oligomeric compound comprising a plurality of linked nucleotides. In certain embodiment, one or more nucleotides of an oligonucleotide is modified. In certain embodiments, an oligonucleotide comprises ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In certain embodiments, oligonucleotides are composed of naturally- and/or non-naturally-occurring nucleobases, sugars and covalent internucleotide linkages, and may further include non-nucleic acid conjugates.

As used herein “internucleotide linkage” refers to a covalent linkage between adjacent nucleotides.

As used herein, the term “monomeric linkage” refers to a covalent linkage between two monmers. Monomeric linkages include, but are not limited to internucleotide linkages and internucleoside linkages.

As used herein “naturally occurring internucleotide linkage” refers to a 3′ to 5′ phosphodiester linkage.

As used herein, the term “antisense compound” refers to an oligomeric compound that is at least partially complementary to a target nucleic acid molecule to which it hybridizes. In certain embodiments, an antisense compound modulates (increases or decreases) expression of a target nucleic acid. Antisense compounds include, but are not limited to, compounds that are oligonucleotides, oligonucleosides, oligonucleotide analogs, oligonucleotide mimetics, and chimeric combinations of these. Consequently, while all antisense compounds are oligomeric compounds, not all oligomeric compounds are antisense compounds.

As used herein, the term “antisense oligonucleotide” refers to an antisense compound that is an oligonucleotide.

As used herein, the term “parent antisense oligonucleotide” refers to an oligonucleotide 20 nucleotides in length having a deoxy gap region having ten 2′-deoxyribonucleotides, flanked by a first and a second wing region each having five 2′-O-(2-methoxyethyl) ribonucleotides (a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer) and comprising the sequence of the corresponding short antisense compound to which it is a parent.

As used herein, the term “short antisense compound” refers to an antisense compound about 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound has at least one high-affinity modification.

As used herein, the term “short antisense oligonucleotide” or refers to an antisense oligonucleotide about 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, a short antisense oligonucleotide has at least one high-affinity modification.

As used herein, the term “short gapmer” refers to a short antisense oligonucleotide having a first and a second wing region each independently 1 to 3 nucleotides in length and a gap region 2 to 14 nucleobase in length.

As used herein, the term “motif” refers to the pattern of unmodified and modified nucleotides in a short antisense compound.

As used herein, the term “chimeric antisense oligomer” refers to an antisense oligomeric compound, having at least one sugar, nucleobase or internucleoside linkage that is differentially modified as compared to at least on other sugar, nucleobase or internucleoside linkage within the same antisense oligomeric compound. The remainder of the sugars, nucleobases and internucleoside linkages can be independently modified or unmodified, the same or different.

As used herein, the term “chimeric antisense oligonucleotide” refers to an antisense oligonucleotide, having at least one sugar, nucleobase or internucleoside linkage that is differentially modified as compared to at least on other sugar, nucleobase or internucleoside linkage within the same antisense oligonucleotide. The remainder of the sugars, nucleobases and internucleoside linkages can be independently modified or unmodified, the same or different.

As used herein, the term “mixed-backbone antisense oligonucleotide” refers to an antisense oligonucleotide wherein at least one internucleoside linkage of the antisense oligonucleotide is different from at least one other internucleotide linkage of the antisense oligonucleotide.

As used herein, the term “target” refers to a protein, the modulation of which is desired.

As used herein, the term “target gene” refers to a gene encoding a target.

As used herein, the terms “target nucleic acid” and “nucleic acid molecule encoding a target” refer to any nucleic acid molecule the expression or activity of which is capable of being modulated by an antisense compound. Target nucleic acids include, but are not limited to, RNA (including, but not limited to pre-mRNA and mRNA or portions thereof) transcribed from DNA encoding a target, and also cDNA derived from such RNA, and miRNA. For example, the target nucleic acid can be a cellular gene (or mRNA transcribed from the gene) whose expression is associated with a particular disorder or disease state, or a nucleic acid molecule from an infectious agent.

As used herein, the term “targeting” or “targeted to” refers to the association of an antisense compound to a particular target nucleic acid molecule or a particular region of nucleotides within a target nucleic acid molecule.

As used herein, the term “5′ target site” refers to the nucleotide of a target nucleic acid which is complementary to the 5′-most nucleotide of a particular antisense compound.

As used herein, the term “3′ target site” refers to the nucleotide of a target nucleic acid which is complementary to the 3′-most nucleotide of a particular antisense compound.

As used herein, the term “target region,” refers to a portion of a target nucleic acid to which one or more antisense compounds is complementary.

As used herein, the term “target segment” refers to a smaller or sub-portions of a region within a target nucleic acid.

As used herein, the term “nucleobase complementarity” refers to a nucleobase that is capable of base pairing with another nucleobase. For example, in DNA, adenine (A) is complementary to thymine (T). For example, in RNA, adenine (A) is complementary to uracil (U). In certain embodiments, complementary nucleobase refers to a nucleobase of an antisense compound that is capable of base pairing with a nucleobase of its target nucleic acid. For example, if a nucleobase at a certain position of an antisense compound is capable of hydrogen bonding with a nucleobase at a certain position of a target nucleic acid, then the position of hydrogen bonding between the oligonucleotide and the target nucleic acid is considered to be complementary at that nucleobase pair.

As used herein, the term “non-complementary nucleobase” refers to a pair of nucleobases that do not form hydrogen bonds with one another or otherwise support hybridization.

As used herein, the term “complementary” refers to the capacity of an oligomeric compound to hybridize to another oligomeric compound or nucleic acid through nucleobase complementarity. In certain embodiments, an antisense compound and its target are complementary to each other when a sufficient number of corresponding positions in each molecule are occupied by nucleobases that can bond with each other to allow stable association between the antisense compound and the target. One skilled in the art recognizes that the inclusion of mismatches is possible without eliminating the ability of the oligomeric compounds to remain in association. Therefore, described herein are antisense compounds that may comprise up to about 20% nucleotides that are mismatched (i.e., are not nucleobase complementary to the corresponding nucleotides of the target). Preferably the antisense compounds contain no more than about 15%, more preferably not more than about 10%, most preferably not more than 5% or no mismatches. The remaining nucleotides are nucleobase complementary or otherwise do not disrupt hybridization (e.g., universal bases). One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize the compounds provided herein are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% complementary to a target nucleic acid.

As used herein, the term “mismatch” refers to a non-complementary nucleobase within a complementary oligomeric compound.

As used herein, “hybridization” means the pairing of complementary oligomeric compounds (e.g., an antisense compound and its target nucleic acid). While not limited to a particular mechanism, the most common mechanism of pairing involves hydrogen bonding, which may be Watson-Crick, Hoogsteen or reversed Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, between complementary nucleoside or nucleotide bases (nucleobases). For example, the natural base adenine is nucleobase complementary to the natural nucleobases thymidine and uracil which pair through the formation of hydrogen bonds. The natural base guanine is nucleobase complementary to the natural bases cytosine and 5-methyl cytosine. Hybridization can occur under varying circumstances.

As used herein, the term “specifically hybridizes” refers to the ability of an oligomeric compound to hybridize to one nucleic acid site with greater affinity than it hybridizes to another nucleic acid site. In certain embodiments, an antisense oligonucleotide specifically hybridizes to more than one target site.

As used herein, “designing” or “designed to” refer to the process of designing an oligomeric compound that specifically hybridizes with a selected nucleic acid molecule.

As used herein, the term “modulation” refers to a perturbation of function or activity when compared to the level of the function or activity prior to modulation. For example, modulation includes the change, either an increase (stimulation or induction) or a decrease (inhibition or reduction) in gene expression. As further example, modulation of expression can include perturbing splice site selection of pre-mRNA processing.

As used herein, the term “expression” refers to all the functions and steps by which a gene's coded information is converted into structures present and operating in a cell. Such structures include, but are not limited to the products of transcription and translation.

As used herein, “variant” refers to an alternative RNA transcript that can be produced from the same genomic region of DNA. Variants include, but are not limited to “pre-mRNA variants” which are transcripts produced from the same genomic DNA that differ from other transcripts produced from the same genomic DNA in either their start or stop position and contain both intronic and exonic sequence. Variants also include, but are not limited to, those with alternate splice junctions, or alternate initiation and termination codons.

As used herein, “high-affinity modified monomer” refers to a monomer having at least one modified nucleobase, internucleoside linkage or sugar moiety, when compared to naturally occurring monomers, such that the modification increases the affinity of an antisense compound comprising the high-affinity modified monomer to its target nucleic acid. High-affinity modifications include, but are not limited to, monomers (e.g., nucleosides and nucleotides) comprising 2′-modified sugars.

As used herein, the term “2′-modified” or “2′-substituted” means a sugar comprising substituent at the 2′ position other than H or OH. 2′-modified monomers, include, but are not limited to, BNA's and monomers (e.g., nucleosides and nucleotides) with 2′-substituents, such as allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), or O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise a 2′modified monomer that does not have the formula 2′-O(CH₂)_(n)H, wherein n is one to six. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise a 2′modified monomer that does not have the formula 2′-OCH₃. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise a 2′modified monomer that does not have the formula or, in the alternative, 2′-O(CH₂)₂OCH₃.

As used herein, the term “bicyclic nucleic acid” or “BNA” or “bicyclic nucleoside” or “bicyclic nucleotide” refers to a nucleoside or nucleotide wherein the furanose portion of the nucleoside includes a bridge connecting two carbon atoms on the furanose ring, thereby forming a bicyclic ring system.

As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the term “methyleneoxy BNA” alone refers to β-D-methyleneoxy BNA.

As used herein, the term “MOE” refers to a 2′-methoxyethyl substituent.

As used herein, the term “gapmer” refers to a chimeric oligomeric compound comprising a central region (a “gap”) and a region on either side of the central region (the “wings”), wherein the gap comprises at least one modification that is different from that of each wing. Such modifications include nucleobase, monomeric linkage, and sugar modifications as well as the absence of modification (unmodified). Thus, in certain embodiments, the nucleotide linkages in each of the wings are different than the nucleotide linkages in the gap. In certain embodiments, each wing comprises nucleotides with high affinity modifications and the gap comprises nucleotides that do not comprise that modification. In certain embodiments the nucleotides in the gap and the nucleotides in the wings all comprise high affinity modifications, but the high affinity modifications in the gap are different than the high affinity modifications in the wings. In certain embodiments, the modifications in the wings are the same as one another. In certain embodiments, the modifications in the wings are different from each other. In certain embodiments, nucleotides in the gap are unmodified and nucleotides in the wings are modified. In certain embodiments, the modification(s) in each wing are the same. In certain embodiments, the modification(s) in one wing are different from the modification(s) in the other wing. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are gapmers having 2′-deoxynucleotides in the gap and nucleotides with high-affinity modifications in the wing.

As used herein, the term “prodrug” refers to a therapeutic agent that is prepared in an inactive form that is converted to an active form (i.e., drug) within the body or cells thereof by the action of endogenous enzymes or other chemicals and/or conditions.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to salts of active compounds that retain the desired biological activity of the active compound and do not impart undesired toxicological effects thereto.

As used herein, the term “cap structure” or “terminal cap moiety” refers to chemical modifications, which have been incorporated at either terminus of an antisense compound.

As used herein, the term “prevention” refers to delaying or forestalling the onset or development of a condition or disease for a period of time from hours to days, preferably weeks to months.

As used herein, the term “amelioration” refers to a lessening of at least one indicator of the severity of a condition or disease. The severity of indicators may be determined by subjective or objective measures which are known to those skilled in the art.

As used herein, the term “treatment” refers to administering a composition of the invention to effect an alteration or improvement of the disease or condition. Prevention, amelioration, and/or treatment may require administration of multiple doses at regular intervals, or prior to onset of the disease or condition to alter the course of the disease or condition. Moreover, a single agent may be used in a single individual for each prevention, amelioration, and treatment of a condition or disease sequentially, or concurrently.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical agent” refers to a substance provides a therapeutic benefit when administered to a subject.

As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a pharmaceutical agent that provides a therapeutic benefit to an animal.

As used herein, “administering” means providing a pharmaceutical agent to an animal, and includes, but is not limited to administering by a medical professional and self-administering.

As used herein, the term “co-administration” refers to administration of two or more pharmaceutical agents to an animal. The two or more pharmaceutical agents may be in a single pharmaceutical composition, or may be in separate pharmaceutical compositions. Each of the two or more pharmaceutical agents may be administered through the same or different routes of administration. Co-administration encompasses administration in parallel or sequentially.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of substances suitable for administering to an individual. For example, a pharmaceutical composition may comprise an antisense oligonucleotide and a sterile aqueous solution.

As used herein, the term “individual” refers to a human or non-human animal selected for treatment or therapy.

As used herein, the term “animal” refers to a human or non-human animal, including, but not limited to, mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, cats, pigs, and non-human primates, including, but not limited to, monkeys and chimpanzees.

As used herein, the term “subject” refers to an animal, including, but not limited to a human, to whom a pharmaceutical composition is administered.

As used herein, the term “duration” refers to the period of time during which an activity or event continues. In certain embodiments, the duration of treatment is the period of time during which doses of a pharmaceutical agent are administered.

As used herein, the term “parenteral administration,” refers to administration through injection or infusion. Parenteral administration includes, but is not limited to, subcutaneous administration, intravenous administration, or intramuscular administration.

As used herein, the term “subcutaneous administration” refers to administration just below the skin. “Intravenous administration” means administration into a vein.

As used herein, the term “dose” refers to a specified quantity of a pharmaceutical agent provided in a single administration. In certain embodiments, a dose may be administered in two or more boluses, tablets, or injections. For example, in certain embodiments, where subcutaneous administration is desired, the desired dose requires a volume not easily accommodated by a single injection. In such embodiments, two or more injections may be used to achieve the desired dose. In certain embodiments, a dose may be administered in two or more injections to minimize injection site reaction in an individual.

As used herein, the term “dosage unit” refers to a form in which a pharmaceutical agent is provided. In certain embodiments, a dosage unit is a vial comprising lyophilized antisense oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, a dosage unit is a vial comprising reconstituted antisense oligonucleotide.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical agent” refers to a substance provides a therapeutic benefit when administered to an individual. For example, in certain embodiments, an antisense oligonucleotide is a pharmaceutical agent.

As used herein, the term “active pharmaceutical ingredient” refers to the substance in a pharmaceutical composition that provides a desired effect.

As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a pharmaceutical agent that provides a therapeutic benefit to an individual. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of an antisense compound is the amount that needs to be administered to result in an observable benefit.

As used herein, the term “hypercholesterolemia” refers to a condition characterized by elevated serum cholesterol.

As used herein, the term “hyperlipidemia” refers to a condition characterized by elevated serum lipids.

As used herein, the term “hypertriglyceridemia” refers to a condition characterized by elevated triglyceride levels.

As used herein, the term “non-familial hypercholesterolemia” refers to a condition characterized by elevated cholesterol that is not the result of a single inherited gene mutation.

As used herein, the term “polygenic hypercholesterolemia” refers to a condition characterized by elevated cholesterol that results from the influence of a variety of genetic factors. In certain embodiments, polygenic hypercholesterolemia may be exacerbated by dietary intake of lipids.

As used herein, the term “familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)” refers to an autosomal dominant metabolic disorder characterized by a mutation in the LDL-receptor (LDL-R) gene, markedly elevated LDL-C and premature onset of atherosclerosis. A diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia is made when a individual meets one or more of the following criteria: genetic testing confirming 2 mutated LDL-receptor genes; genetic testing confirming one mutated LDL-receptor gene; document history of untreated serum LDL-cholesterol greater than 500 mg/dL; tendinous and/or cutaneous xanthoma prior to age 10 years; or, both parents have documented elevated serum LDL-cholesterol prior to lipid-lowering therapy consistent with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

As used herein, the term “homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia” or “HoFH” refers to a condition characterized by a mutation in both maternal and paternal LDL-R genes.

As used herein, the term “heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia” or “HeFH” refers to a condition characterized by a mutation in either the maternal or paternal LDL-R gene.

As used herein, the term “mixed dyslipidemia” refers to a condition characterized by elevated serum cholesterol and elevated serum triglycerides.

As used herein, the term “diabetic dyslipidemia” or “Type II diabetes with dyslipidemia” refers to a condition characterized by Type II diabetes, reduced HDL-C, elevated serum triglycerides, and elevated small, dense LDL particles.

As used herein, the term “CHD risk equivalents,” refers to indicators of clinical atherosclerotic disease that confer a high risk for coronary heart disease. For example, in certain embodiments, CHD risk equivalents include, without limitation, clinical coronary heart disease, symptomatic carotid artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and/or abdominal aortic aneurysm.

As used herein, the term “non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)” refers to a condition characterized by fatty inflammation of the liver that is not due to excessive alcohol use (for example, alcohol consumption of over 20 g/day). In certain embodiments, NAFLD is related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.

As used herein, the term “non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)” refers to a condition characterized by inflammation and the accumulation of fat and fibrous tissue in the liver, that is not due to excessive alcohol use. NASH is an extreme form of NAFLD.

As used herein, the term “major risk factors” refers to factors that contribute to a high risk for a particular disease or condition. In certain embodiments, major risk factors for coronary heart disease include, without limitation, cigarette smoking, hypertension, low HDL-C, family history of coronary heart disease, and age.

As used herein, the term “CHD risk factors” refers to CHD risk equivalents and major risk factors.

As used herein, the term “coronary heart disease (CHD)” refers to a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart, which is often a result of atherosclerosis.

As used herein, the term “reduced coronary heart disease risk” refers to a reduction in the likelihood that a individual will develop coronary heart disease. In certain embodiments, a reduction in coronary heart disease risk is measured by an improvement in one or more CHD risk factors, for example, a decrease in LDL-C levels.

As used herein, the term “atherosclerosis” refers to a hardening of the arteries affecting large and medium-sized arteries and is characterized by the presence of fatty deposits. The fatty deposits are called “atheromas” or “plaques,” which consist mainly of cholesterol and other fats, calcium and scar tissue, and damage the lining of arteries.

As used herein, the term “history of coronary heart disease” refers to the occurrence of clinically evident coronary heart disease in the medical history of a individual or a individual's family member.

As used herein, the term “Early onset coronary heart disease” refers to a diagnosis of coronary heart disease prior to age 50.

As used herein, the term “statin intolerant individual” refers to a individual who as a result of statin therapy experiences one or more of creatine kinase increases, liver function test abnormalities, muscle aches, or central nervous system side effects.

As used herein, the term “efficacy” refers to the ability to produce a desired effect. For example, efficacy of a lipid-lowering therapy may be reduction in the concentration of one or more of LDL-C, VLDL-C, IDL-C, non-HDL-C, ApoB, lipoprotein(a), or triglycerides.

As used herein, the term “acceptable safety profile” refers to a pattern of side effects that is within clinically acceptable limits.

As used herein, the term “side effects” refers to physiological responses attributable to a treatment other than desired effects. In certain embodiments, side effects include, without limitation, injection site reactions, liver function test abnormalities, renal function abnormalities, liver toxicity, renal toxicity, central nervous system abnormalities, and myopathies. For example, increased aminotransferase levels in serum may indicate liver toxicity or liver function abnormality. For example, increased bilirubin may indicate liver toxicity or liver function abnormality.

As used herein, the term “injection site reaction” refers to inflammation or abnormal redness of skin at a site of injection in an individual.

As used herein, the term “individual compliance” refers to adherence to a recommended or prescribed therapy by an individual.

As used herein, the term “lipid-lowering therapy” refers to a therapeutic regimen provided to a individual to reduce one or more lipids in a individual. In certain embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is provide to reduce one or more of ApoB, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IDL-C, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, small dense LDL particles, and Lp(a) in an individual.

As used herein, the term “lipid-lowering agent” refers to a pharmaceutical agent provided to a individual to achieve a lowering of lipids in the individual. For example, in certain embodiments, a lipid-lowering agent is provided to an individual to reduce one or more of ApoB, LDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides.

As used herein, the term “LDL-C target” refers to an LDL-C level that is desired following lipid-lowering therapy.

As used herein, the term “comply” refers to the adherence with a recommended therapy by an individual.

As used herein, the term “recommended therapy” refers to a therapeutic regimen recommended by a medical professional for the treatment, amelioration, or prevention of a disease.

As used herein, the term “low LDL-receptor activity” refers to LDL-receptor activity that is not sufficiently high to maintain clinically acceptable levels of LDL-C in the bloodstream.

As used herein, the term “cardiovascular outcome” refers to the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events.

As used herein, the term “improved cardiovascular outcome” refers to a reduction in the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, or the risk thereof. Examples of major adverse cardiovascular events include, without limitation, death, reinfarction, stroke, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, and atrial dysrhythmia.

As used herein, the term “surrogate markers of cardiovascular outcome” refers to indirect indicators of cardiovascular events, or the risk thereof. For example, surrogate markers of cardiovascular outcome include carotid intimal media thickness (CIMT). Another example of a surrogate marker of cardiovascular outcome includes atheroma size. Atheroma size may be determined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

As used herein, the term “increased HDL-C” refers to an increase in serum HDL-C in an individual over time.

As used herein, the term “lipid-lowering” refers to a reduction in one or more serum lipids in an individual over time.

As used herein, the term “metabolic disorder” refers to a condition characterized by an alteration or disturbance in metabolic function. “Metabolic” and “metabolism” are terms well know in the art and generally include the whole range of biochemical processes that occur within a living organism. Metabolic disorders include, but are not limited to, hyperglycemia, prediabetes, diabetes (type I and type II), obesity, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

As used herein, the term “metabolic syndrome” refers to a clustering of lipid and non-lipid cardiovascular risk factors of metabolic origin. It has been closely linked to the generalized metabolic disorder known as insulin resistance. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) established criteria for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome when three or more of five risk determinants are present. The five risk determinants are abdominal obesity defined as waist circumference of greater than 102 cm for men or greater than 88 cm for women, triglyceride levels greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol levels of less than 40 mg/dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women, blood pressure greater than or equal to 130/85 mm Hg and fasting glucose levels greater than or equal to 110 mg/dL. These determinants can be readily measured in clinical practice (JAMA, 2001, 285: 2486-2497).

The term “alkyl,” as used herein, refers to a saturated straight or branched hydrocarbon radical containing up to twenty four carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, n-hexyl, octyl, decyl, dodecyl and the like. Alkyl groups typically include from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, more typically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms (C₁-C₁₂ alkyl) with from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms being more preferred. The term “lower alkyl” as used herein includes from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups as used herein may optionally include one or more further substituent groups.

The term “alkenyl,” as used herein, refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical containing up to twenty four carbon atoms and having at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, 1-methyl-2-buten-1-yl, dienes such as 1,3-butadiene and the like. Alkenyl groups typically include from 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, more typically from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms with from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms being more preferred. Alkenyl groups as used herein may optionally include one or more further substituent groups.

The term “alkynyl,” as used herein, refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon radical containing up to twenty four carbon atoms and having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Examples of alkynyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 1-butynyl, and the like. Alkynyl groups typically include from 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, more typically from 2 to about 12 carbon atoms with from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms being more preferred. Alkynyl groups as used herein may optionally include one or more further substitutent groups.

The term “aminoalkyl” as used herein, refers to an amino substituted alkyl radical. This term is meant to include C₁-C₁₂ alkyl groups having an amino substituent at any position and wherein the alkyl group attaches the aminoalkyl group to the parent molecule. The alkyl and/or amino portions of the aminoalkyl group can be further substituted with substituent groups.

The term “aliphatic,” as used herein, refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon radical containing up to twenty four carbon atoms wherein the saturation between any two carbon atoms is a single, double or triple bond. An aliphatic group preferably contains from 1 to about 24 carbon atoms, more typically from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms with from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms being more preferred. The straight or branched chain of an aliphatic group may be interrupted with one or more heteroatoms that include nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus. Such aliphatic groups interrupted by heteroatoms include without limitation polyalkoxys, such as polyalkylene glycols, polyamines, and polyimines. Aliphatic groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups.

The term “alicyclic” or “alicyclyl” refers to a cyclic ring system wherein the ring is aliphatic. The ring system can comprise one or more rings wherein at least one ring is aliphatic. Preferred alicyclics include rings having from about 5 to about 9 carbon atoms in the ring. Alicyclic as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups.

The term “alkoxy,” as used herein, refers to a radical formed between an alkyl group and an oxygen atom wherein the oxygen atom is used to attach the alkoxy group to a parent molecule. Examples of alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, n-pentoxy, neopentoxy, n-hexoxy and the like. Alkoxy groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups.

The terms “halo” and “halogen,” as used herein, refer to an atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.

The terms “aryl” and “aromatic,” as used herein, refer to a mono- or polycyclic carbocyclic ring system radicals having one or more aromatic rings. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, idenyl and the like. Preferred aryl ring systems have from about 5 to about 20 carbon atoms in one or more rings. Aryl groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups.

The terms “aralkyl” and “arylalkyl,” as used herein, refer to a radical formed between an alkyl group and an aryl group wherein the alkyl group is used to attach the aralkyl group to a parent molecule. Examples include, but are not limited to, benzyl, phenethyl and the like. Aralkyl groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups attached to the alkyl, the aryl or both groups that form the radical group.

The term “heterocyclic radical” as used herein, refers to a radical mono-, or poly-cyclic ring system that includes at least one heteroatom and is unsaturated, partially saturated or fully saturated, thereby including heteroaryl groups. Heterocyclic is also meant to include fused ring systems wherein one or more of the fused rings contain at least one heteroatom and the other rings can contain one or more heteroatoms or optionally contain no heteroatoms. A heterocyclic group typically includes at least one atom selected from sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen. Examples of heterocyclic groups include, [1,3]dioxolane, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, quinoxalinyl, pyridazinonyl, tetrahydrofuryl and the like. Heterocyclic groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups.

The terms “heteroaryl,” and “heteroaromatic,” as used herein, refer to a radical comprising a mono- or poly-cyclic aromatic ring, ring system or fused ring system wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic and includes one or more heteroatom. Heteroaryl is also meant to include fused ring systems including systems where one or more of the fused rings contain no heteroatoms. Heteroaryl groups typically include one ring atom selected from sulfur, nitrogen or oxygen. Examples of heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, quinoxalinyl, and the like. Heteroaryl radicals can be attached to a parent molecule directly or through a linking moiety such as an aliphatic group or hetero atom. Heteroaryl groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups.

The term “heteroarylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to a heteroaryl group as previously defined having an alky radical that can attach the heteroarylalkyl group to a parent molecule. Examples include, but are not limited to, pyridinylmethyl, pyrimidinylethyl, napthyridinylpropyl and the like. Heteroarylalkyl groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups on one or both of the heteroaryl or alkyl portions.

The term “mono or poly cyclic structure” as used in the present invention includes all ring systems that are single or polycyclic having rings that are fused or linked and is meant to be inclusive of single and mixed ring systems individually selected from aliphatic, alicyclic, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, arylalkyl, heterocyclic, heteroaryl, heteroaromatic, heteroarylalkyl. Such mono and poly cyclic structures can contain rings that are uniform or have varying degrees of saturation including fully saturated, partially saturated or fully unsaturated. Each ring can comprise ring atoms selected from C, N, O and S to give rise to heterocyclic rings as well as rings comprising only C ring atoms which can be present in a mixed motif such as for example benzimidazole wherein one ring has only carbon ring atoms and the fused ring has two nitrogen atoms. The mono or poly cyclic structures can be further substituted with substituent groups such as for example phthalimide which has two ═O groups attached to one of the rings. In another aspect, mono or poly cyclic structures can be attached to a parent molecule directly through a ring atom, through a substituent group or a bifunctional linking moiety.

The term “acyl,” as used herein, refers to a radical formed by removal of a hydroxyl group from an organic acid and has the general formula —C(O)—X where X is typically aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic. Examples include aliphatic carbonyls, aromatic carbonyls, aliphatic sulfonyls, aromatic sulfinyls, aliphatic sulfinyls, aromatic phosphates, aliphatic phosphates and the like. Acyl groups as used herein may optionally include further substitutent groups.

The term “hydrocarbyl” includes groups comprising C, O and H. Included are straight, branched and cyclic groups having any degree of saturation. Such hydrocarbyl groups can include one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and can be further mono or poly substituted with one or more substituent groups.

The terms “substituent” and “substituent group,” as used herein, include groups that are typically added to other groups or parent compounds to enhance desired properties or give desired effects. Substituent groups can be protected or unprotected and can be added to one available site or to many available sites in a parent compound. Substituent groups may also be further substituted with other substituent groups and may be attached directly or via a linking group such as an alkyl or hydrocarbyl group to a parent compound. Such groups include without limitation, halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, acyl (—C(O)R_(aa)), carboxyl (—C(O)O—R_(aa)), aliphatic groups, alicyclic groups, alkoxy, substituted oxo (—O—R_(aa)), aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, amino (—NR_(bb)R_(cc)), imino(═NR_(bb)), amido (—C(O)NR_(bb)R_(cc) or —N(R_(bb))C(O)R_(aa)), azido (—N₃), nitro (—NO₂), cyano (—CN), carbamido (—OC(O)NR_(bb)R_(cc) or —N(R_(bb))C(O)OR_(aa)), ureido (—N(R_(bb))C(O)NR_(bb)R_(cc)), thioureido (—N(R_(bb))C(S)NR_(bb)R_(cc)), guanidinyl (—N(R_(bb))C(═NR_(bb))NR_(bb)R_(cc)), amidinyl (—C(═NR_(bb))NR_(bb)R_(cc) or —N(R_(bb))C(NR_(bb))R_(aa)), thiol (—SR_(bb)), sulfinyl (—S(O)R_(bb)), sulfonyl (—S(O)₂R_(bb)), sulfonamidyl (—S(O)₂NR_(bb)R_(cc) or —N(R_(bb))S(O)₂R_(bb)) and conjugate groups. Wherein each R_(aa), R_(bb) and R_(cc) is, independently, H, an optionally linked chemical functional group or a further substituent group with a preferred list including without limitation H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aliphatic, alkoxy, acyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, alicyclic, heterocyclic and heteroarylalkyl.

B. Certain Oligomeric Compounds

In certain embodiments, it is desirable to chemically modify oligomeric compounds, compared to naturally occurring oligomers, such as DNA or RNA. Certain such modifications alter the activity of the oligomeric compound. Certain such chemical modifications can alter activity by, for example: increasing affinity of an antisense compound for its target nucleic acid, increasing its resistance to one or more nucleases, and/or altering the pharmacokinetics or tissue distribution of the oligomeric compound. In certain instances, the use of chemistries that increase the affinity of an oligomeric compound for its target can allow for the use of shorter oligomeric compounds.

1. Certain Monomers

In certain embodiment, oligomeric compounds comprise one or more modified monomer. In certain such embodiments, oligomeric compounds comprise one or more high affinity monomer. In certain embodiments, such high-affinity monomer is selected from monomers (e.g., nucleosides and nucleotides) comprising 2′-modified sugars, including, but not limited to: BNA's and monomers (e.g., nucleosides and nucleotides) with 2′-substituents such as allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), or O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compounds including, but no limited to short antisense compounds of the present invention, comprise one or more high affinity monomers provided that the oligomeric compound does not comprise a nucleotide comprising a 2′-O(CH₂)_(n)H, wherein n is one to six.

In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compounds including, but no limited to short antisense compounds of the present invention, comprise one or more high affinity monomer provided that the oligomeric compound does not comprise a nucleotide comprising a 2′-OCH₃ or a 2′-O(CH₂)₂OCH₃.

In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compounds including, but no limited to short antisense compounds of the present invention, comprise one or more high affinity monomer provided that the oligomeric compound does not comprise a α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA.

In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compounds including, but no limited to short antisense compounds of the present invention, comprise one or more high affinity monomer provided that the oligomeric compound does not comprise a β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA.

In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compounds including, but no limited to short antisense compounds of the present invention, comprise one or more high affinity monomer provided that the oligomeric compound does not comprise a α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA or a β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA.

a. Certain Nucleobases

The naturally occurring base portion of a nucleoside is typically a heterocyclic base. The two most common classes of such heterocyclic bases are the purines and the pyrimidines. For those nucleosides that include a pentofuranosyl sugar, a phosphate group can be linked to the 2′, 3′ or 5′ hydroxyl moiety of the sugar. In forming oligonucleotides, those phosphate groups covalently link adjacent nucleosides to one another to form a linear polymeric compound. Within oligonucleotides, the phosphate groups are commonly referred to as forming the internucleotide backbone of the oligonucleotide. The naturally occurring linkage or backbone of RNA and of DNA is a 3′ to 5′ phosphodiester linkage.

In addition to “unmodified” or “natural” nucleobases such as the purine nucleobases adenine (A) and guanine (G), and the pyrimidine nucleobases thymine (T), cytosine (C) and uracil (U), many modified nucleobases or nucleobase mimetics known to those skilled in the art are amenable with the compounds described herein. In certain embodiments, a modified nucleobase is a nucleobase that is fairly similar in structure to the parent nucleobase, such as for example a 7-deaza purine, a 5-methyl cytosine, or a G-clamp. In certain embodiments, nucleobase mimetic include more complicated structures, such as for example a tricyclic phenoxazine nucleobase mimetic. Methods for preparation of the above noted modified nucleobases are well known to those skilled in the art.

b. Certain Sugars

Oligomeric compounds provided herein may comprise one or more monomer, including a nucleoside or nucleotide, having a modified sugar moiety. For example, the furanosyl sugar ring of a nucleoside can be modified in a number of ways including, but not limited to, addition of a substituent group, bridging of two non-geminal ring atoms to form a bicyclic nucleic acid (BNA).

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds comprise one or more monomers that is a BNA. In certain such embodiments, BNA s include, but are not limited to, (A) α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, (B) β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, (C) Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, (D) Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and (E) Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA, as depicted in FIG. 1.

In certain embodiments, BNA compounds include, but are not limited to, compounds having at least one bridge between the 4′ and the 2′ position of the sugar wherein each of the bridges independently comprises 1 or from 2 to 4 linked groups independently selected from —[C(R₁)(R₂)]_(n)—, —C(R₁)═C(R₂)—, —C(R₁)═N—, —C(═NR₁)—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —O—, —Si(R₁)₂—, —S(═O)_(n)— and —N(R₁)—;

wherein:

x is 0, 1, or 2;

n is 1, 2, 3, or 4;

each R₁ and R₂ is, independently, H, a protecting group, hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀ aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀ aryl, heterocycle radical, substituted heterocycle radical, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical, substituted C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical, halogen, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, COOJ₁, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted acyl, CN, sulfonyl (S(═O)₂-J₁), or sulfoxyl (S(═O)-J₁); and

each J₁ and J₂ is, independently, H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀ aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀ aryl, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted acyl, a heterocycle radical, a substituted heterocycle radical, C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl or a protecting group.

In one embodiment, each of the bridges of the BNA compounds is, independently, —[C(R₁)(R₂)]_(n)—, —[C(R₁)(R₂)]_(n)—O—, —C(R₁R₂)—N(R₁)—O— or —C(R₁R₂)—O—N(R₁)—. In another embodiment, each of said bridges is, independently, 4′-CH₂-2′,4′-(CH₂)_(2-2′,4)′-(CH₂)_(3-2′,4)′-CH₂—O-2′,4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′,4′-CH₂—O—N(R₁)-2′ and 4′-CH₂—N(R₁)—O-2′- wherein each R₁ is, independently, H, a protecting group or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl.

Certain BNA's have been prepared and disclosed in the patent literature as well as in scientific literature (Singh et al., Chem. Commun., 1998, 4, 455-456; Koshkin et al., Tetrahedron, 1998, 54, 3607-3630; Wahlestedt et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2000, 97, 5633-5638; Kumar et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1998, 8, 2219-2222; WO 94/14226; WO 2005/021570; Singh et al., J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 10035-10039; Examples of issued US patents and published applications that disclose BNA s include, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,053,207; 6,268,490; 6,770,748; 6,794,499; 7,034,133; and 6,525,191; and U.S. Pre-Grant Publication Nos. 2004-0171570; 2004-0219565; 2004-0014959; 2003-0207841; 2004-0143114; and 20030082807.

Also provided herein are BNAs in which the 2′-hydroxyl group of the ribosyl sugar ring is linked to the 4′ carbon atom of the sugar ring thereby forming a methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) linkage to form the bicyclic sugar moiety (reviewed in Elayadi et al., Curr. Opinion Invens. Drugs, 2001, 2, 558-561; Braasch et al., Chem. Biol., 2001, 8 1-7; and Orum et al., Curr. Opinion Mol. Ther., 2001, 3, 239-243; see also U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,268,490 and 6,670,461). The linkage can be a methylene (—CH₂—) group bridging the 2′ oxygen atom and the 4′ carbon atom, for which the term methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA is used for the bicyclic moiety; in the case of an ethylene group in this position, the term ethyleneoxy (4′-CH₂CH₂—O-2′) BNA is used (Singh et al., Chem. Commun., 1998, 4, 455-456: Morita et al., Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, 2003, 11, 2211-2226). Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA and other bicyclic sugar analogs display very high duplex thermal stabilities with complementary DNA and RNA (Tm=+3 to +10° C.), stability towards 3′-exonucleolytic degradation and good solubility properties. Potent and nontoxic antisense oligonucleotides comprising BNAs have been described (Wahlestedt et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2000, 97, 5633-5638).

An isomer of methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA that has also been discussed is alpha-L-methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA which has been shown to have superior stability against a 3′-exonuclease. The alpha-L-methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA's were incorporated into antisense gapmers and chimeras that showed potent antisense activity (Frieden et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 2003, 21, 6365-6372).

The synthesis and preparation of the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA monomers adenine, cytosine, guanine, 5-methyl-cytosine, thymine and uracil, along with their oligomerization, and nucleic acid recognition properties have been described (Koshkin et al., Tetrahedron, 1998, 54, 3607-3630). BNAs and preparation thereof are also described in WO 98/39352 and WO 99/14226.

Analogs of methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, phosphorothioate-methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA and 2′-thio-BNAs, have also been prepared (Kumar et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1998, 8, 2219-2222). Preparation of locked nucleoside analogs comprising oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplexes as substrates for nucleic acid polymerases has also been described (Wengel et al., WO 99/14226). Furthermore, synthesis of 2′-amino-BNA, a novel conformationally restricted high-affinity oligonucleotide analog has been described in the art (Singh et al., J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 10035-10039). In addition, 2′-Amino- and 2′-methylamino-BNA's have been prepared and the thermal stability of their duplexes with complementary RNA and DNA strands has been previously reported.

Modified sugar moieties are well known and can be used to alter, typically increase, the affinity of the antisense compound for its target and/or increase nuclease resistance. A representative list of preferred modified sugars includes but is not limited to bicyclic modified sugars (BNA's), including methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA and ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′ bridge) BNA; substituted sugars, especially 2′-substituted sugars having a 2′-F, 2′-OCH₃ or a 2′-O(CH₂)₂—OCH₃ substituent group; and 4′-thio modified sugars. Sugars can also be replaced with sugar mimetic groups among others. Methods for the preparations of modified sugars are well known to those skilled in the art. Some representative patents and publications that teach the preparation of such modified sugars include, but are not limited to, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,981,957; 5,118,800; 5,319,080; 5,359,044; 5,393,878; 5,446,137; 5,466,786; 5,514,785; 5,519,134; 5,567,811; 5,576,427; 5,591,722; 5,597,909; 5,610,300; 5,627,053; 5,639,873; 5,646,265; 5,658,873; 5,670,633; 5,792,747; 5,700,920; 6,531,584; and 6,600,032; and WO 2005/121371.

In certain embodiments, BNA's include bicyclic nucleoside having the formula:

wherein:

Bx is a heterocyclic base moiety;

T₁ is H or a hydroxyl protecting group;

T₂ is H, a hydroxyl protecting group or a reactive phosphorus group;

Z is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₆ alkynyl, acyl, substituted acyl, or substituted amide.

In one embodiment, each of the substituted groups, is, independently, mono or poly substituted with optionally protected substituent groups independently selected from halogen, oxo, hydroxyl, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₃J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂ and CN, wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁.

In certain such embodiments, each of the substituted groups, is, independently, mono or poly substituted with substituent groups independently selected from halogen, oxo, hydroxyl, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, and NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂, wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H, C₁-C₆ alkyl, or substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl and X is O or NJ₁.

In certain embodiments, the Z group is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is independently OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂ or CN; wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁. In another embodiment, the Z group is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is independently halo (e.g., fluoro), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., CH₃O—), substituted alkoxy or azido.

In certain embodiments, the Z group is —CH₂X^(x), wherein X^(x) is OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₃J₂ or CN; wherein each J₃, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁. In another embodiment, the Z group is CH₂X^(x), wherein X^(x) is halo (e.g., fluoro), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., CH₃O—) or azido.

In certain such embodiments, the Z group is in the (R)-configuration:

In certain such embodiments, the Z group is in the (S)-configuration:

In certain embodiments, each T₁ and T₂ is a hydroxyl protecting group. A preferred list of hydroxyl protecting groups includes benzyl, benzoyl, 2,6-dichlorobenzyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, mesylate, tosylate, dimethoxytrityl (DMT), 9-phenylxanthine-9-yl (Pixyl) and 9-(p-methoxyphenyl)xanthine-9-yl (MOX). In certain embodiments, T₁ is a hydroxyl protecting group selected from acetyl, benzyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl and dimethoxytrityl wherein a more preferred hydroxyl protecting group is T₁ is 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl.

In certain embodiments, T₂ is a reactive phosphorus group wherein preferred reactive phosphorus groups include diisopropylcyanoethoxy phosphoramidite and H-phosphonate. In certain embodiments T₁ is 4,4′-dimethoxytrityl and T₂ is diisopropylcyanoethoxy phosphoramidite.

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds have at least one monomer of the formula:

or of the formula:

or of the formula:

wherein

Bx is a heterocyclic base moiety;

T₃ is H, a hydroxyl protecting group, a linked conjugate group or an internucleoside linking group attached to a nucleoside, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an oligonucleotide, a monomeric subunit or an oligomeric compound;

T₄ is H, a hydroxyl protecting group, a linked conjugate group or an internucleoside linking group attached to a nucleoside, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an oligonucleotide, a monomeric subunit or an oligomeric compound;

wherein at least one of T₃ and T₄ is an internucleoside linking group attached to a nucleoside, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an oligonucleotide, a monomeric subunit or an oligomeric compound; and

Z is C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl, C₂-C₆ alkynyl, substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted C₂-C₆ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₆ alkynyl, acyl, substituted acyl, or substituted amide.

In one embodiment, each of the substituted groups, is, independently, mono or poly substituted with optionally protected substituent groups independently selected from halogen, oxo, hydroxyl, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)₁₋₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂ and CN, wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁.

In one embodiment, each of the substituted groups, is, independently, mono or poly substituted with substituent groups independently selected from halogen, oxo, hydroxyl, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, and NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂, wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O or NJ₁.

In certain such embodiments, at least one Z is C₁-C₆ alkyl or substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl. In certain embodiments, each Z is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkyl or substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one Z is C₁-C₆ alkyl. In certain embodiments, each Z is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one Z is methyl. In certain embodiments, each Z is methyl. In certain embodiments, at least one Z is ethyl. In certain embodiments, each Z is ethyl. In certain embodiments, at least one Z is substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl. In certain embodiments, each Z is, independently, substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one Z is substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, each Z is substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, at least one Z is substituted ethyl. In certain embodiments, each Z is substituted ethyl.

In certain embodiments, at least one substituent group is C₁-C₆ alkoxy (e.g., at least one Z is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more C₁-C₆ alkoxy). In another embodiment, each substituent group is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkoxy (e.g., each Z is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more C₁-C₆ alkoxy).

In certain embodiments, at least one C₁-C₆ alkoxy substituent group is CH₃O— (e.g., at least one Z is CH₃OCH₂—). In another embodiment, each C₁-C₆ alkoxy substituent group is CH₃O— (e.g., each Z is CH₃OCH₂—).

In certain embodiments, at least one substituent group is halogen (e.g., at least one Z is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more halogen). In certain embodiments, each substituent group is, independently, halogen (e.g., each Z is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more halogen). In certain embodiments, at least one halogen substituent group is fluoro (e.g., at least one Z is CH₂FCH₂—, CHF₂CH₂— or CF₃CH₂—). In certain embodiments, each halo substituent group is fluoro (e.g., each Z is, independently, CH₂FCH₂—, CHF₂CH₂— or CF₃CH₂—).

In certain embodiments, at least one substituent group is hydroxyl (e.g., at least one Z is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more hydroxyl). In certain embodiments, each substituent group is, independently, hydroxyl (e.g., each Z is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more hydroxyl). In certain embodiments, at least one Z is HOCH₂—. In another embodiment, each Z is HOCH₂—.

In certain embodiments, at least one Z is CH₃—, CH₃CH₂—, CH₂OCH₃—, CH₂F— or HOCH₂—. In certain embodiments, each Z is, independently, CH₃—, CH₃CH₂—, CH₂OCH₃—, CH₂F— or HOCH₂—.

In certain embodiments, at least one Z group is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is, independently, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂ or CN; wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁. In another embodiment, at least one Z group is C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is, independently, halo (e.g., fluoro), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., CH₃O—) or azido.

In certain embodiments, each Z group is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is independently OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂ or CN; wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁. In another embodiment, each Z group is, independently, C₁-C₆ alkyl substituted with one or more X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is independently halo (e.g., fluoro), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., CH₃O—) or azido.

In certain embodiments, at least one Z group is —CH₂X^(x), wherein X^(x) is OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂ or CN; wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁ In certain embodiments, at least one Z group is —CH₂X^(x), wherein X^(x) is halo (e.g., fluoro), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., CH₃O—) or azido.

In certain embodiments, each Z group is, independently, —CH₂X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is, independently, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, OC(═X)J₁, OC(═X)NJ₁J₂, NJ₃C(═X)NJ₁J₂ or CN; wherein each J₁, J₂ and J₃ is, independently, H or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and X is O, S or NJ₁. In another embodiment, each Z group is, independently, —CH₂X^(x), wherein each X^(x) is, independently, halo (e.g., fluoro), hydroxyl, alkoxy (e.g., CH₃O—) or azido.

In certain embodiments, at least one Z is CH₃—. In another embodiment, each Z is, CH₃—.

In certain embodiments, the Z group of at least one monomer is in the (R)-configuration represented by the formula:

or the formula:

or the formula:

In certain embodiments, the Z group of each monomer of the formula is in the (R)-configuration.

In certain embodiments, the Z group of at least one monomer is in the (S)-configuration represented by the formula:

or the formula:

or the formula:

In certain embodiments, the Z group of each monomer of the formula is in the (S)— configuration.

In certain embodiments, T₃ is H or a hydroxyl protecting group. In certain embodiments, T₄ is H or a hydroxyl protecting group. In a further embodiment T₃ is an internucleoside linking group attached to a nucleoside, a nucleotide or a monomeric subunit. In certain embodiments, T₄ is an internucleoside linking group attached to a nucleoside, a nucleotide or a monomeric subunit. In certain embodiments, T₃ is an internucleoside linking group attached to an oligonucleotide or an oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, T₄ is an internucleoside linking group attached to an oligonucleotide or an oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, T₃ is an internucleoside linking group attached to an oligomeric compound. In certain embodiments, T₄ is an internucleoside linking group attached to an oligomeric compound. In certain embodiments, at least one of T₃ and T₄ comprises an internucleoside linking group selected from phosphodiester or phosphorothioate.

In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds have at least one region of at least two contiguous monomers of the formula:

or of the formula:

or of the formula: to

In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound comprises at least two regions of at least two contiguous monomers of the above formula. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound comprises a gapped oligomeric compound. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound comprises at least one region of from about 8 to about 14 contiguous β-D-2′-deoxyribofuranosyl nucleosides. In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compound comprises at least one region of from about 9 to about 12 contiguous β-D-2′-deoxyribofuranosyl nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, monmers include sugar mimetics. In certain such embodiments, a mimetic is used in place of the sugar or sugar-internucleoside linkage combination, and the nucleobase is maintained for hybridization to a selected target. Representative examples of a sugar mimetics include, but are not limited to, cyclohexenyl or morpholino. Representative examples of a mimetic for a sugar-internucleoside linkage combination include, but are not limited to, peptide nucleic acids (PNA) and morpholino groups linked by uncharged achiral linkages. In some instances a mimetic is used in place of the nucleobase. Representative nucleobase mimetics are well known in the art and include, but are not limited to, tricyclic phenoxazine analogs and universal bases (Berger et al., Nuc Acid Res. 2000, 28:2911-14, incorporated herein by reference). Methods of synthesis of sugar, nucleoside and nucleobase mimetics are well known to those skilled in the art.

3. Monomeric Linkages

Described herein are linking groups that link monomers (including, but not limited to, modified and unmodified nucleosides and nucleotides) together, thereby forming an oligomeric compound. The two main classes of linking groups are defined by the presence or absence of a phosphorus atom. Representative phosphorus containing linkages include, but are not limited to, phosphodiesters (P═O), phosphotriesters, methylphosphonates, phosphoramidate, and phosphorothioates (P═S). Representative non-phosphorus containing linking groups include, but are not limited to, methylenemethylimino (—CH₂—N(CH₃)—O—CH₂—), thiodiester (—O—C(O)—S—), thionocarbamate (—O—C(O)(NH)—S—); siloxane (—O—Si(H)₂—O—); and N,N′-dimethylhydrazine (—CH₂—N(CH₃)—N(CH₃)—). Oligomeric compounds having non-phosphorus linking groups are referred to as oligonucleosides. Modified linkages, compared to natural phosphodiester linkages, can be used to alter, typically increase, nuclease resistance of the oligomeric compound. In certain embodiments, linkages having a chiral atom can be prepared a racemic mixtures, as separate enantomers. Representative chiral linkages include, but are not limited to, alkylphosphonates and phosphorothioates. Methods of preparation of phosphorous-containing and non-phosphorous-containing linkages are well known to those skilled in the art.

The oligomeric compounds described herein contain one or more asymmetric centers and thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric configurations that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R) or (S), α or β such as for sugar anomers, or as (D) or (L) such as for amino acids et al. Included in the antisense compounds provided herein are all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms.

4. Oligomeric Compounds

In certain embodiments, provided herein are oligomeric compounds having reactive phosphorus groups useful for forming linkages including for example phosphodiester and phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages. Methods of preparation and/or purification of precursors or oligomeric compounds are not a limitation of the compositions or methods provided herein. Methods for synthesis and purification of oligomeric compounds including DNA, RNA, oligonucleotides, oligonucleosides, and antisense compounds are well known to those skilled in the art.

Generally, oligomeric compounds comprise a plurality of monomeric subunits linked together by linking groups. Nonlimiting examples of oligomeric compounds include primers, probes, antisense compounds, antisense oligonucleotides, external guide sequence (EGS) oligonucleotides, alternate splicers, and siRNAs. As such, these compounds can be introduced in the form of single-stranded, double-stranded, circular, branched or hairpins and can contain structural elements such as internal or terminal bulges or loops. Oligomeric double-stranded compounds can be two strands hybridized to form double-stranded compounds or a single strand with sufficient self complementarity to allow for hybridization and formation of a fully or partially double-stranded compound.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides chimeric oligomeric compounds. In certain such embodiments, chimeric oligomeric compounds are chimeric oligonucleotides. In certain such embodiments, the chimeric oligonucleotides comprise differently modified nucleotides. In certain embodiments, chimeric oligonucleotides are mixed-backbone antisense oligonucleotides.

In general a chimeric oligomeric compound will have modified nucleosides that can be in isolated positions or grouped together in regions that will define a particular motif. Any combination of modifications and/or mimetic groups can comprise a chimeric oligomeric compound as described herein.

In certain embodiments, chimeric oligomeric compounds typically comprise at least one region modified so as to confer increased resistance to nuclease degradation, increased cellular uptake, and/or increased binding affinity for the target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, an additional region of the oligomeric compound may serve as a substrate for enzymes capable of cleaving RNA:DNA or RNA:RNA hybrids. By way of example, RNase H is a cellular endonuclease that cleaves the RNA strand of an RNA:DNA duplex. Activation of RNase H, therefore, results in cleavage of the RNA target, thereby greatly enhancing the efficiency of inhibition of gene expression. Consequently, comparable results can often be obtained with shorter oligomeric compounds when chimeras are used, compared to for example phosphorothioate deoxyoligonucleotides hybridizing to the same target region. Cleavage of the RNA target can be routinely detected by gel electrophoresis and, if necessary, associated nucleic acid hybridization techniques known in the art.

In certain embodiments, chimeric oligomeric compounds are gapmers. In certain embodiments, chimeric compounds are short antisense compounds. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are gapmers. In certain such embodiments, a mixed-backbone antisense oligomer has one type of internucleotide linkages in one or both wings and a different type of internucleotide linkages in the gap. In certain such embodiments, the mixed-backbone antisense oligonucleotide has phosphodiester linkages in the wings and phosphorothioate linkages in the gap. In certain embodiments in which the internucleotide linkages in a wing is different from the internucleotide linkages in the gap, the internucleotide linkage bridging that wing and the gap is the same as the internucleotide linkage in the wing. In certain embodiments in which the internucleotide linkages in a wing is different from the internucleotide linkages in the gap, the internucleotide linkage bridging that wing and the gap is the same as the internucleotide linkage in the gap.

C. Certain Short Antisense Compounds

Disclosed herein are short antisense compounds 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise one or more chemical modifications. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise at least one modified nucleotide. In certain embodiments short antisense compounds comprise at least two or more modified nucleotides. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise at least one modified internucleotide linkage. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are mixed-backbone oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are chimeric oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, short antisense oligonucleotides are uniformly modified. In certain embodiments, short antisense oligonucleotides comprise modifications independently selected at each nucleobase and at each linkage.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain embodiments, high affinity modifications of the short antisense compounds allow for a target affinity similar to, or even greater than, the target affinity of longer antisense compounds. In certain embodiments, the high-affinity modified nucleotides are sugar modified nucleotides. Such sugar modified nucleotides include those comprising a bridge between the 4′ and 2′ position of the sugar. Exemplary high affinity sugar modifications include, but are not limited to, BNA s and other 2′-modifications such as 2′-MOE. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the high affinity modification is not a 2′-O—(CH₂)_(n)H (n=1-6) sugar-modified nucleotide. In an additional alternate embodiment, the high affinity modified nucleotide is not a 2′-OCH₃ or a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ nucleotide. In certain embodiments, the high-affinity modified nucleotides confer a T_(m) of at least 1, at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3.0, at least 3.5 or at least 4.0 degrees per nucleotide. Some high-affinity nucleotide modifications are known in the art to increase toxicity. As shown herein, short antisense compounds having a limited number (generally 2 to 6) of high affinity modifications exhibit little to no increase in toxicity but retain or increase affinity for the target RNA, while also significantly reducing expression of the RNA target. Short antisense compounds of the invention may optionally comprise a conjugate group, such as, for example, cholesterol or C₁₋₆.

1. Certain Wings

In certain embodiments, the short antisense compounds comprise a 5′ wing and/or a 3′ wing. In such embodiments, the features of the 3′ wing and the features of the 5′ wing are selected independently. Thus, in such embodiments, the number of monomers in the 5′ wing and the number of monomers (length) in the 3′ wing may be the same or may be different; the modifications, if any, in the 5′ wing may be the same as the modifications, if any, in the 3′ wing or such modifications, if any, may be different; and the monomeric linkages in the 5′ wing and the monomeric linkages in the 3′ wing may be the same or they may be different.

In certain embodiments a wing comprises one, two or three monomers (i.e. has a length of 1, 2, or 3). In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are modified. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are modified to increase affinity of the antisense compound for its target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are nucleosides or nucleotides. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers (nucleosides or nucleotides) of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages in a wing are naturally occurring internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages in a wing are non-naturally occurring internucleotide or internucleoside linkages. In certain such embodiments, the monomeric linkages in the wing are more resistant to one or more nucleases than naturally occurring internucleotide linkages. In certain such embodiments, the monomeric linkages in the wing are phosphorothioate linkages (P═S). In certain embodiments where a wing has more than one monomeric linkage, the monomeric linkages are the same as one another. In certain embodiments where a wing has more than one monomers linkage, the monomers linkages are different from each other.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the features and modifications discussed above may be used in any combination to prepare a wing. The table below provides non-limiting examples showing how one might prepare a wing by selecting a certain number of monomers, monomeric modifications (if any), and monomeric linkages both within the wing.

Monomer type/ monomeric linkages within Length modifications wing 1 2′ MOE None 1 BNA None 1 Methyleneoxy None BNA 1 ENA None 2 2′ MOE P═S 2 BNA P═S 2 Methyleneoxy P═S BNA 2 ENA P═S 2 2′ MOE P═O 2 BNA P═O 2 Methyleneoxy P═O BNA 2 ENA P═O 3 2′ MOE P═S 3 BNA P═S 3 Methyleneoxy P═S BNA 3 ENA P═S 3 2′ MOE P═O 3 BNA P═O 3 Methyleneoxy P═O BNA 3 ENA P═O

In certain embodiments in which a wing comprises two, three or four monomers, those two, three or four monomers all comprise the same modifications, if any. In certain embodiments in which a wing comprises two, three or four monomers, one or more of those two, three or four nucleobases comprises one or more modifications that is different from one or more of the modifications of one or more of the remaining monomers.

2. Certain Gaps

In certain embodiments, the short antisense compounds comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages in the gap are naturally occurring internucleotide linkages. In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages in the gap are non-naturally occurring linkages. In certain such embodiments, the monomeric linkages in the gap are more resistant to one or more nuclease than naturally occurring internucleotide linkages. In certain such embodiments, the monomeric linkages in the gap are phosphorothioate linkages (P═S). In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages in the gap are all the same as one another. In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages within the gap are not all the same.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the features and modifications discussed above may be used in any combination to prepare a gap. The table below provides non-limiting examples showing how one might prepare a gap by selecting a certain number of monomers, monomeric modifications (if any), and monomeric linkages within the gap region.

Monomer type/ Monomeric linkages within Length modifications gap 5 DNA P═S 6 DNA P═S 7 DNA P═S 8 DNA P═S 9 DNA P═S 10 DNA P═S 11 DNA P═S 12 DNA P═S 13 DNA P═S 14 DNA P═S 6 DNA P═O 7 DNA P═O 8 DNA P═O 9 DNA P═O 10 DNA P═O 11 DNA P═O 12 DNA P═O 8 RNA P═S 9 RNA P═S 10 RNA P═S 11 RNA P═S 12 RNA P═S

3. Certain Gapped Antisense Oligomeric Compounds

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the wings and the gaps discussed above may be selected and then combined in a variety of combinations to generate gapped oligomeric compounds, including, but not limited to, gapped antisense oligomeric compounds, and gapped antisense oligonucleotides. The features (length, modifications, linkages) of the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing may be selected independently of one another. The features of the gap include at least one difference in modification compared to the features of the 5′ wing and at least one difference compared to the features of the 3′ wing (i.e., there must be at least one difference in modification between neighboring regions to distinguish those neighboring regions from one another). The features of the gap may otherwise be selected independently.

In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages within a wing and the monomeric linkages within the gap are the same. In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkages within a wing and the monomeric linkages within the gap are different. In certain such embodiments, the monomeric linkage bridging the wing and the gap are the same as the monomeric linkages in the wing. In certain embodiments, the monomeric linkage bridging the wing and the gap are the same as the monomeric linkages in the gap. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have uniform linkages throughout the compound. In certain such embodiments, all of the linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) linkages.

One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the 3′ wings, 5′ wings, gaps, and linkages discussed above may be used in any combination to prepare a gapmer. The table below provides non-limiting examples showing how one might prepare a gapmer by selecting a certain 5′ wing, a gap, a 3′ wing and certain linkages bridging the gap and each wing.

5′ 3′ 5′ Wing Bridge Gap Bridge 3′ Wing Length Monomer Link Link Length Monomer Link Link Length Monomer Link 2 MOE P═S P═S 6 DNA P═S P═S 2 MOE P═S 2 BNA P═S P═O 8 DNA P═O P═S 3 BNA P═S 1 MOE None P═S 10 DNA P═S P═S 1 MOE P═S 2 MOE P═S P═S 8 RNA P═S P═S 2 MOE P═S 3 Methyleneoxy P═S P═S 8 RNA P═S P═S 3 MOE P═S BNA 3 DNA P═O P═O 10 RNA P═S P═O 3 2′OH P═O 2 2-F P═S P═S 5 RNA P═S P═S 2 2′-F P═S 1 MOE P═O P═S 5 DNA P═O P═S 4 MOE P═S

In certain embodiments, the oligomeric compounds disclosed herein may comprise from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends antisense compounds of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 nucleobases. In certain embodiments, oligomeric compounds are antisense compounds.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 8 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 9 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 10 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 11 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 12 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 13 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 14 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 15 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 16 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

One having skill in the art and informed by the short antisense compounds illustrated herein will be able, without undue experimentation, to identify further short antisense compounds.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise a gap flanked by more than one wing on either or both sides. Thus, in certain embodiments, a short antisense compound comprises two or more 5′ wings and two or more 3′ wings. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound comprises one 5′ wing and two or more 3′ wings. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound comprises one 3′ wing and two or more 5′ wings. Certain such embodiments comprise, for example, the following regions: a first 5′ wing—a bridge—a second 5′ wing—a bridge—a gap—a bridge—a second 3′ wing—a bridge—a first 3′wing. In such embodiments, each region has at least one difference in modification when compared to its neighboring region. Thus, in such embodiments, the second 5′ wing and the second 3′ wing each independently comprises one or more differences in modification compared to the gap and compared to the first 5′ wing and the first 3′ wing. In such embodiments, the modifications of the first 3′ wing and first 5′ wing may either or both be the same or different from the modifications of the gap, if any.

4. Certain Conjugate Groups

In one aspect, oligomeric compounds are modified by covalent attachment of one or more conjugate groups. In general, conjugate groups modify one or more properties of the attached oligomeric compound including but not limited to pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, binding, absorption, cellular distribution, cellular uptake, charge and clearance. Conjugate groups are routinely used in the chemical arts and are linked directly or via an optional linking moiety or linking group to a parent compound such as an oligomeric compound. A preferred list of conjugate groups includes without limitation, intercalators, reporter molecules, polyamines, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, thioethers, polyethers, cholesterols, thiocholesterols, cholic acid moieties, folate, lipids, phospholipids, biotin, phenazine, phenanthridine, anthraquinone, adamantane, acridine, fluoresceins, rhodamines, coumarins and dyes.

Preferred conjugate groups amenable to the present invention include lipid moieties such as a cholesterol moiety (Letsinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989, 86, 6553); cholic acid (Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1994, 4, 1053); a thioether, e.g., hexyl-5-tritylthiol (Manoharan et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1992, 660, 306; Manoharan et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let., 1993, 3, 2765); a thiocholesterol (Oberhauser et al., Nucl. Acids Res, 1992, 20, 533); an aliphatic chain, e.g., dodecandiol or undecyl residues (Saison-Behmoaras et al., EMBO J., 1991, 10, 111; Kabanov et al., FEBS Lett., 1990, 259, 327; Svinarchuk et al., Biochimie, 1993, 75, 49); a phospholipid, e.g., di-hexadecyl-rac-glycerol or triethyl-ammonium-1,2-di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-H-phosphonate (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3651; Shea et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 1990, 18, 3777); a polyamine or a polyethylene glycol chain (Manoharan et al., Nucleosides & Nucleotides, 1995, 14, 969); adamantane acetic acid (Manoharan et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3651); a palmityl moiety (Mishra et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1995, 1264, 229); or an octadecylamine or hexylamino-carbonyl-oxycholesterol moiety (Crooke et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 1996, 277, 923).

Linking groups or bifunctional linking moieties such as those known in the art are amenable to the compounds provided herein. Linking groups are useful for attachment of chemical functional groups, conjugate groups, reporter groups and other groups to selective sites in a parent compound such as for example an oligomeric compound. In general a bifunctional linking moiety comprises a hydrocarbyl moiety having two functional groups. One of the functional groups is selected to bind to a parent molecule or compound of interest and the other is selected to bind essentially any selected group such as chemical functional group or a conjugate group. In some embodiments, the linker comprises a chain structure or an oligomer of repeating units such as ethylene glycol or amino acid units. Examples of functional groups that are routinely used in a bifunctional linking moiety include, but are not limited to, electrophiles for reacting with nucleophilic groups and nucleophiles for reacting with electrophilic groups. In some embodiments, bifunctional linking moieties include amino, hydroxyl, carboxylic acid, thiol, unsaturations (e.g., double or triple bonds), and the like. Some nonlimiting examples of bifunctional linking moieties include 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (ADO), succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC) and 6-aminohexanoic acid (AHEX or AHA). Other linking groups include, but are not limited to, substituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkenyl or substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ alkynyl, wherein a nonlimiting list of preferred substituent groups includes hydroxyl, amino, alkoxy, carboxy, benzyl, phenyl, nitro, thiol, thioalkoxy, halogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl and alkynyl.

5. Synthesis Purification and Analysis

Oligomerization of modified and unmodified nucleosides and nucleotides can be routinely performed according to literature procedures for DNA (Protocols for Oligonucleotides and Analogs, Ed. Agrawal (1993), Humana Press) and/or RNA (Scaringe, Methods (2001), 23, 206-217. Gait et al., Applications of Chemically synthesized RNA in RNA: Protein Interactions, Ed. Smith (1998), 1-36. Gallo et al., Tetrahedron (2001), 57, 5707-5713).

Oligomeric compounds provided herein can be conveniently and routinely made through the well-known technique of solid phase synthesis. Equipment for such synthesis is sold by several vendors including, for example, Applied Biosystems (Foster City, Calif.). Any other means for such synthesis known in the art may additionally or alternatively be employed. It is well known to use similar techniques to prepare oligonucleotides such as the phosphorothioates and alkylated derivatives. The invention is not limited by the method of antisense compound synthesis.

Methods of purification and analysis of oligomeric compounds are known to those skilled in the art. Analysis methods include capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrospray-mass spectroscopy. Such synthesis and analysis methods can be performed in multi-well plates. The method of the invention is not limited by the method of oligomer purification.

D. Antisense

Antisense mechanisms are all those involving the hybridization of a compound with target nucleic acid, wherein the outcome or effect of the hybridization is either target degradation or target occupancy with concomitant stalling of the cellular machinery involving, for example, transcription or splicing.

One type of antisense mechanism involving target degradation includes an RNase H. RNase H is a cellular endonuclease which cleaves the RNA strand of an RNA:DNA duplex. It is known in the art that single-stranded antisense compounds which are “DNA-like” elicit RNAse H activity in mammalian cells. Activation of RNase H, therefore, results in cleavage of the RNA target, thereby greatly enhancing the efficiency of DNA-like oligonucleotide-mediated inhibition of gene expression.

In certain embodiments, chemically-modified antisense compounds have a higher affinity for target RNAs than does non-modified DNA. In certain such embodiments, that higher affinity in turn provides increased potency allowing for the administration of lower doses of such compounds, reduced potential for toxicity and improvement in therapeutic index and decreased overall cost of therapy.

The present disclosure demonstrates that the incorporation of chemically-modified high-affinity nucleotides and nucleosides into antisense compounds allows for the design of short antisense compounds 8-16 nucleobases in length useful for the reduction of target RNAs and/or target proteins in cells, tissues, and animals, including, but not limited to, humans with increased potency and improved therapeutic index. Thus, in certain embodiments, provided herein are short antisense compounds comprising high-affinity nucleotide modifications useful for reducing a target RNA in vivo. Certain such short antisense compounds are effective at lower doses than previously described antisense compounds, allowing for a reduction in toxicity and cost of treatment. In addition, certain short antisense compounds have greater potential for oral dosing.

To address the need for more potent antisense compounds, provided herein are short antisense compounds (8-16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length) with increased activity in vivo relative to longer compounds. Certain short antisense compounds are gapmer compounds comprising high-affinity chemically-modified nucleotides on the 3′ and 5′ ends (wings) of the compound. In certain embodiments, the addition of high-affinity modified nucleotides allows antisense compounds to be active against, and specific for, their intended target RNA in vivo despite being shorter in length. Contemplated herein are short antisense compounds wherein each of the wings independently comprises 1 to 3 high-affinity modified nucleotides. In certain embodiments, the high-affinity modifications are sugar modifications. High-affinity modified nucleotides include, but are not limited to, BNA s or other 2′-modified nucleotides, such as 2′-MOE nucleotides. Also contemplated are short antisense compounds having at least one modified internucleotide linkage, such as a phosphorothioate internucleotide linkage. In certain embodiments, the short antisense compounds of the present invention can have all phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages. The short antisense compounds optionally comprise a conjugate group. As shown herein, short antisense compounds have greater affinity for target RNA than they have for DNA and are significantly more potent in vivo as shown by reduction of target mRNA as well as by amelioration of a variety of disease indications.

As used herein, an RNA which is involved in regulating glucose metabolism or clearance, lipid metabolism, cholesterol metabolism or insulin metabolism is any RNA involved in the biochemical pathways that regulate these processes. Such RNAs are well known in the art. Examples of target genes include, but are not limited to, ApoB-100 (also known as APOB; Ag(x) antigen; apoB-48; apolipoprotein B; apolipoprotein B-100; apolipoprotein B48) and GCGR (also known as glucagon receptor; GR), CRP, DGAT2, GCCR, PCSK9, PTEN, PTP1B, SGLT2, and SOD1.

1. Modulation of Target Expression

In certain embodiments, a target is identified and antisense oligonucleotides are designed to modulate that target or its expression. In certain embodiments, designing an oligomeric compound to a target nucleic acid molecule can be a multistep process. Typically the process begins with the identification of a target protein, the activity of which is to be modulated, and then identifying the nucleic acid the expression of which yields the target protein. In certain embodiments, designing of an antisense compound results in an antisense compound that is hybridizable to the targeted nucleic acid molecule. In certain embodiments, the antisense compound is an antisense oligonucleotide or antisense oligonucleoside. In certain embodiments, an antisense compound and a target nucleic acid are complementary to one another. In certain such embodiments, an antisense compound is perfectly complementary to a target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, an antisense compound includes one mismatch. In certain embodiments, an antisense compound includes two mismatches. In certain embodiments, an antisense compound includes three or more mismatches.

Modulation of expression of a target nucleic acid can be achieved through alteration of any number of nucleic acid functions. In certain embodiments, the functions of RNA to be modulated include, but are not limited to, translocation functions, which include, but are not limited to, translocation of the RNA to a site of protein translation, translocation of the RNA to sites within the cell which are distant from the site of RNA synthesis, and translation of protein from the RNA. RNA processing functions that can be modulated include, but are not limited to, splicing of the RNA to yield one or more RNA species, capping of the RNA, 3′ maturation of the RNA and catalytic activity or complex formation involving the RNA which may be engaged in or facilitated by the RNA. Modulation of expression can result in the increased level of one or more nucleic acid species or the decreased level of one or more nucleic acid species, either temporally or by net steady state level. Thus, in one embodiment modulation of expression can mean increase or decrease in target RNA or protein levels. In another embodiment modulation of expression can mean an increase or decrease of one or more RNA splice products, or a change in the ratio of two or more splice products.

In certain embodiments, expression of a target gene is modulated using an oligomeric compound comprising from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of a target gene using one or more antisense compounds of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 nucleobases.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 8 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 9 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 8 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 10 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 10 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 11 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 12 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 13 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 14 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 15 nucleobases in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound that is 16 nucleobases in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of a target gene comprises use of a short antisense compound comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

2. Hybridization

In certain embodiments, antisense compounds specifically hybridize when there is a sufficient degree of complementarity to avoid non-specific binding of the antisense compound to non-target nucleic acid sequences under conditions in which specific binding is desired, i.e., under physiological conditions in the case of in vivo assays or therapeutic treatment, and under conditions in which assays are performed in the case of in vitro assays.

As used herein, “stringent hybridization conditions” or “stringent conditions” refers to conditions under which an antisense compound will hybridize to its target sequence, but to a minimal number of other sequences. Stringent conditions are sequence-dependent and will be different in different circumstances, and “stringent conditions” under which antisense compounds hybridize to a target sequence are determined by the nature and composition of the antisense compounds and the assays in which they are being investigated.

3. Complementarity

It is understood in the art that incorporation of nucleotide affinity modifications may allow for a greater number of mismatches compared to an unmodified compound. Similarly, certain oligonucleotide sequences may be more tolerant to mismatches than other oligonucleotide sequences. One of ordinary skill in the art is capable of determining an appropriate number of mismatches between oligonucleotides, or between an oligonucleotide and a target nucleic acid, such as by determining melting temperature (T_(m)). T_(m) or T_(m) can be calculated by techniques that are familiar to one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, techniques described in Freier et al. (Nucleic Acids Research, 1997, 25, 22: 4429-4443) allow one of ordinary skill in the art to evaluate nucleotide modifications for their ability to increase the melting temperature of an RNA:DNA duplex.

4. Identity

Antisense compounds, or a portion thereof, may have a defined percent identity to a SEQ ID NO, or a compound having a specific Isis number. As used herein, a sequence is identical to the sequence disclosed herein if it has the same nucleobase pairing ability. For example, an RNA which contains uracil in place of thymidine in the disclosed sequences of the compounds described herein would be considered identical as they both pair with adenine. This identity may be over the entire length of the oligomeric compound, or in a portion of the antisense compound (e.g., nucleobases 1-20 of a 27-mer may be compared to a 20-mer to determine percent identity of the oligomeric compound to the SEQ ID NO. It is understood by those skilled in the art that an antisense compound need not have an identical sequence to those described herein to function similarly to the antisense compound described herein. Shortened versions of antisense compounds taught herein, or non-identical versions of the antisense compounds taught herein, are also provided herein. Non-identical versions are those wherein each base does not have the same pairing activity as the antisense compounds disclosed herein. Bases do not have the same pairing activity by being shorter or having at least one abasic site. Alternatively, a non-identical version can include at least one base replaced with a different base with different pairing activity (e.g., G can be replaced by C, A, or T). Percent identity is calculated according to the number of bases that have identical base pairing corresponding to the SEQ ID NO or antisense compound to which it is being compared. The non-identical bases may be adjacent to each other, dispersed through out the oligonucleotide, or both.

For example, a 16-mer having the same sequence as nucleobases 2-17 of a 20-mer is 80% identical to the 20-mer. Alternatively, a 20-mer containing four nucleobases not identical to the 20-mer is also 80% identical to the 20-mer. A 14-mer having the same sequence as nucleobases 1-14 of an 18-mer is 78% identical to the 18-mer. Such calculations are well within the ability of those skilled in the art.

The percent identity is based on the percent of nucleobases in the original sequence present in a portion of the modified sequence. Therefore, a 30 nucleobase antisense compound comprising the full sequence of the complement of a 20 nucleobase active target segment would have a portion of 100% identity with the complement of the 20 nucleobase active target segment, while further comprising an additional 10 nucleobase portion. In the context of the instant description, the complement of an active target segment may constitute a single portion. In preferred embodiments, the oligonucleotides provided herein are at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99% or 100% identical to at least a portion of the complement of the active target segments presented herein.

E. Target Nucleic Acids, Regions and Segments

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds may be designed to target any target nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid encodes a target that is clinically relevant. In such embodiments, modulation of the target nucleic acid results in clinical benefit. Certain target nucleic acids include, but are not limited to, the target nucleic acids illustrated in Table 1.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding ApoB. Nucleic acid molecules that encode ApoB include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding SGLT2. Nucleic acid molecules that encode SGLT2 include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 3.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding PCSK9. Nucleic acid molecules that encode PCSK9 include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 4.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding SOD1. Nucleic acid molecules that encode SOD1 include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 5.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding CRP. Nucleic acid molecules that encode CRP include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 6.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding GCCR. Nucleic acid molecules that encode GCCR include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 7 and SEQ ID NO: 8.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding GCGR. Nucleic acid molecules that encode GCGR include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 9.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding DGAT2. Nucleic acid molecules that encode DGAT2 include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 10.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding PTP1B. Nucleic acid molecules that encode PTP1B include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 11 and SEQ ID NO: 12.

In certain embodiments, a target nucleic acid is a nucleic acid molecule encoding PTEN. Nucleic acid molecules that encode PTEN include, without limitation, SEQ ID NO: 14 or SEQ ID NO: 15.

TABLE 1 Certain Target Nucleic Acids SEQ ID Target Species GENBANK ® Accession Number NO ApoB Human NM_000384.1 1 ApoB Mouse XM_137955.5 2 SGLT2 Human NM_003041.1 3 PCSK9 Human NM_174936.2 4 SOD1 Human X02317.1 5 CRP Human NM_000567.1 6 GCCR Mouse BC031885.1 7 GCCR Human Nucleotides 1 to 10600 8 of AC012634 GCGR Human NM_000160.1 9 DGAT2 Human NM_032564.2 10 PTP1B Human NM_002827.2 11 PTP1B Human Nucleotides 1417800 12 to 1425600 of NT_011362.9 PTEN Mouse U92437.1 13 PTEN Human NM_000314.4 14 PTEN Human Nucleotides 8063255 15 to 8167140 of NT_033890.3

The targeting process usually includes determination of at least one target region, segment, or site within the target nucleic acid for the antisense interaction to occur such that the desired effect will result.

In certain embodiments, the 5′-most nucleotide of a target region is the 5′ target site of a short antisense compound and the 3′-most nucleotide of a target region is the 3′ target site of the same short antisense compound. In certain embodiments, the 5′-most nucleotide of a target region is the 5′ target site of a short antisense compound and the 3′-most nucleotide of a target region is the 3′ target site of a different short antisense compound. In certain embodiments, a target region comprises a nucleotide sequence within 10, 15, or 20 nucleotides of a 5′ target site or a 3′ target site.

In certain embodiments, a target region is a structurally defined region of the nucleic acid. For example, in certain such embodiments, a target region may encompass a 3′ UTR, a 5′ UTR, an exon, an intron, a coding region, a translation initiation region, translation termination region, or other defined nucleic acid region.

The locations on the target nucleic acid defined by having one or more active short antisense compounds targeted thereto are referred to as “active target segments.” In certain embodiments, the target nucleic acid having one or more active short antisense compounds targeted thereto is a target RNA. When an active target segment is defined by multiple short antisense compounds, the compounds are preferably separated by no more than about 10 nucleotides on the target sequence, more preferably no more than about 5 nucleotides on the target sequence, even more preferably the short antisense compounds are contiguous, most preferably the short antisense compounds are overlapping. There may be substantial variation in activity (e.g., as defined by percent inhibition) of the short antisense compounds within an active target segment. Active short antisense compounds are those that modulate the expression of their target nucleic acid, including but not limited to a target RNA. Active short antisense compounds inhibit expression of their target RNA at least 10%, preferably 20%. In a preferred embodiment, at least about 50%, preferably about 70% of the short antisense compounds targeted to the active target segment modulate expression of their target RNA at least 40%. In a more preferred embodiment, the level of inhibition required to define an active short antisense compound is defined based on the results from the screen used to define the active target segments.

A suitable target segment is at least about an 8-nucleobase portion of a target region to which an active short antisense compound is targeted. Target segments can include DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 5′-terminus of one of the illustrative target segments (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately upstream of the 5′-terminus of the target segment and continuing until the DNA or RNA comprises about 8 to about 16 nucleobases). Target segments are also represented by DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least the 8 consecutive nucleobases from the 3′-terminus of one of the illustrative target segments (the remaining nucleobases being a consecutive stretch of the same DNA or RNA beginning immediately downstream of the 3′-terminus of the target segment and continuing until the DNA or RNA comprises about 8 to about 16 nucleobases). It is also understood that antisense target segments may be represented by DNA or RNA sequences that comprise at least 8 consecutive nucleobases from an internal portion of the sequence of an illustrative target segment, and may extend in either or both directions until the short antisense compound comprises about 8 to about 16 nucleobases. One having skill in the art armed with the target segments illustrated herein will be able, without undue experimentation, to identify further target segments.

Once one or more target regions, segments or sites have been identified, short antisense compounds are chosen which are sufficiently complementary to the target, i.e., hybridize sufficiently well and with sufficient specificity, to give the desired effect.

The short antisense compounds may also be targeted to regions of the target nucleobase sequence comprising any consecutive nucleobases 8 to 16 nucleobases in length along the target nucleic acid molecule.

Target segments 8-16 nucleobases in length comprising a stretch of at least eight (8) consecutive nucleobases selected from within the illustrative target segments are considered to be suitable for targeting as well. Thus, the short antisense compounds may also encompass 8-16 nucleobases within those segments identified herein as beginning at a particular 5′ target site. Any segment of 8, 9, 10, 11, or more preferably 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 contiguous nucleobases in a 50, preferably 25, more preferably 16 nucleobase perimeter around these regions are also considered to be suitable for targeting.

In a further embodiment, the “suitable target segments” identified herein may be employed in a screen for additional short antisense compounds that modulate the expression of a target nucleic acid. “Modulators” are those compounds that decrease or increase the expression of a target nucleic acid and which comprise at least an 8-nucleobase portion which is complementary to a target segment. The screening method comprises the steps of contacting a target segment of a nucleic acid with one or more candidate modulators, and selecting for one or more candidate modulators which decrease or increase the expression of a target nucleic acid. Once it is shown that the candidate modulator or modulators are capable of modulating (e.g. either decreasing or increasing) the expression of a target nucleic acid, the modulator may then be employed in further investigative studies of the function of the target, or for use as a research, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent in accordance with the present invention.

For all short antisense compounds discussed herein, sequence, monomer, monomeric modification, and monomeric linkage may each be selected independently. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are described by a motif. In such embodiments, any motif may be used with any sequence, whether or not the sequence and/or the motif is specifically disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise modifications that are not amenable to description by motif (for example, short antisense compounds comprising several different modifications and/or linkages at various positions throughout the compound). Such combinations may be incorporated for any sequence, whether or not it is disclosed herein. The sequence listing accompanying this filing provides certain nucleic acid sequences independent of chemical modification. Though that listing identifies each sequence as either “RNA” or “DNA” as required, in reality, those sequences may be modified with any combination of chemical modifications and/or motifs.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprise at least one high-affinity modified monomer. In certain embodiments, provided are short antisense compounds targeted to nucleic acid molecules encoding targets including, but not limited to, ApoB-100 (also known as APOB; Ag(x) antigen; apoB48; apolipoprotein B; apolipoprotein B-100; apolipoprotein B48), GCGR (also known as glucagon receptor; GR), CRP, DGAT2, GCCR, PCSK9, PTEN, PTP1B, SGLT2, and SOD1. In certain such embodiments, such short antisense compounds are targeted to a nucleic acid molecule encoding any of those targets.

F. Certain Targets

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds may be designed to modulate any target. In certain embodiments, the target is clinically relevant. In such embodiments, modulation of the target results in clinical benefit. Certain targets are preferentially expressed in the kidney. Certain targets are preferentially expressed in the liver. Certain targets are associated with a metabolic disorder. Certain targets are associated to a cardiovascular disorder. In certain embodiments, a target is selected from: ApoB, SGLT2, PCSK9, SOD1, CRP, GCCR, GCGR, DGAT2, PTP1B, and PTEN. In certain embodiments, a target is selected from: ApoB, SGLT2, PCSK9, SOD1, CRP, GCCR, GCGR, DGAT2, and PTP1B. In certain embodiments, a target is any protein other than SGLT2.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds exhibit liver and kidney-specific target RNA reduction in vivo. Such property renders those short antisense compounds particularly useful for inhibition of many target RNAs involved in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, provided herein are methods of treating cardiovascular or metabolic disorders by contacting said kidney or liver tissues with short antisense compounds targeted to RNAs associated with said disorders. Thus, also provided are methods for ameliorating any of a variety of metabolic or cardiovascular disease indications with the short antisense compounds of the present invention.

1. ApoB

ApoB (also known as apolipoprotein B-100; ApoB-100, apolipoprotein B-48; ApoB-48 and Ag(x) antigen), is a large glycoprotein that serves an indispensable role in the assembly and secretion of lipids and in the transport and receptor-mediated uptake and delivery of distinct classes of lipoproteins. ApoB performs a variety of activities, from the absorption and processing of dietary lipids to the regulation of circulating lipoprotein levels (Davidson and Shelness, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 2000, 20, 169-193). This latter property underlies its relevance in terms of atherosclerosis susceptibility, which is highly correlated with the ambient concentration of ApoB-containing lipoproteins (Davidson and Shelness, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 2000, 20, 169-193). ApoB-100 is the major protein component of LDL-C and contains the domain required for interaction of this lipoprotein species with the LDL receptor. Elevated levels of LDL-C are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis.

Definitions

“ApoB” is the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound.

“ApoB nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding ApoB. For example, in certain embodiments, a ApoB nucleic acid includes, without limitation, a DNA sequence encoding ApoB, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding ApoB, and an mRNA sequence encoding ApoB.

“ApoB mRNA” means an mRNA encoding ApoB.

ApoB Therapeutic Indications

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating the expression of ApoB in an individual comprising administering a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of treating an individual comprising administering one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the individual has hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, type II diabetes with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperfattyacidemia, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Guidelines for lipid-lowering therapy were established in 2001 by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and updated in 2004 (Grundy et al., Circulation, 2004, 110, 227-239). The guidelines include obtaining a complete lipoprotein profile, typically after a 9 to 12 hour fast, for determination of LDL-C, total cholesterol, and HDL-C levels. According to the most recently established guidelines, LDL-C levels of 130-159 mg/dL, 160-189 mg/dL, and greater than or equal to 190 mg/dL are considered borderline high, high, and very high, respectively. Total cholesterol levels of 200-239 and greater than or equal to 240 mg/dL are considered borderline high and high, respectively. HDL-C levels of less than 40 mg/dL are considered low.

In certain embodiments, the individual has been identified as in need of lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, the individual has been identified as in need of lipid-lowering therapy according to the guidelines established in 2001 by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and updated in 2004 (Grundy et al., Circulation, 2004, 110, 227-239). In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 190 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 160 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 130 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 100 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 160 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 130 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 100 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual should maintain LDL-C below 70 mg/dL.

In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing ApoB in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing ApoB-containing lipoprotein in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing LDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing VLDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing IDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing non-HDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing Lp(a) in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing serum triglyceride in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing liver triglyceride in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing Ox-LDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing small LDL particles in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing small VLDL particles in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing phospholipids in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing oxidized phospholipids in an individual.

In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing Ox-LDL-C concentration in a subject. In certain such embodiments, the reduction in ApoB, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IDL-C, total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), triglyerides, or Ox-LDL-C is, independently, selected from at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, and at least 100%. In certain such embodiments, the reduction in ApoB, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IDL-C, total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), triglyerides, or Ox-LDL-C is, independently, selected from at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, and at least 70%. In certain such embodiments, the reduction in ApoB, LDL-C, VLDL-C, IDL-C, total cholesterol, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), triglyerides, or Ox-LDL-C is, independently, selected from at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, and at least 70%.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides method for raising HDL-C concentration in a subject.

In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not lower HDL-C. In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not result in accumulation of lipids in the liver. In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not cause hepatic steatosis.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for lowering ApoB concentration in a subject while reducing side effects associated with treatment. In certain such embodiments, a side effect is liver toxicity. In certain such embodiments, a side effect is abnormal liver function. In certain such embodiments, a side effect is elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In certain such embodiments, a side effect is elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for lowering ApoB concentration in a subject who is not reaching target LDL-C levels as a result of lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid is the only lipid-lowering agent administered to the subject. In certain such embodiments, the subject has not complied with recommended lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the invention is co-administered with an additional different lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, an additional lipid-lowering therapy is LDL-apheresis. In certain such embodiments, an additional lipid-lowering therapy is a statin. In certain such embodiments, an additional lipid-lowering therapy is ezetimibe.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for lowering ApoB concentration in a statin-intolerant subject. In certain such embodiments, the subject has creatine kinase concentration increases as a result of statin administration. In certain such embodiments, the subject has liver function abnormalities as a result of statin administration. In certain such embodiments the subject has muscle aches as a result of statin administration. In certain such embodiments the subject has central nervous system side effects as a result of statin administration. In certain embodiments, the subject has not complied with recommended statin administration.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for lowering liver triglycerides in a subject.

In certain such embodiments, the subject has elevated liver triglycerides. In certain such embodiments, the subject has steatohepatitis. In certain such embodiments, the subject has steatosis. In certain such embodiments, liver triglyceride levels are measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for reducing coronary heart disease risk in a subject. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for slowing the progression of atherosclerosis in a subject. In certain such embodiments the invention provides methods for stopping the progression of atherosclerosis in a subject. In certain such embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing the size and/or prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques in a subject. In certain embodiments the methods provided reduce a subject's risk of developing atherosclerosis.

In certain embodiments the methods provided improve the cardiovascular outcome in a subject. In certain such embodiments improved cardiovascular outcome is the reduction of the risk of developing coronary heart disease. In certain such embodiments, improved cardiovascular outcome is a reduction in the occurrence of one or more major cardiovascular events, which include, but are not limited to, death, myocardial infarction, reinfarction, stroke, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, and atrial dysrhythmia. In certain such embodiments, the improved cardiovascular outcome is evidenced by improved carotid intimal media thickness. In certain such embodiments, improved carotid intimal media thickness is a decrease in thickness. In certain such embodiments, improved carotid intimal media thickness is a prevention an increase of intimal media thickness.

In certain embodiments a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid is for use in therapy. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the reduction of LDL-C, ApoB, VLDL-C, IDL-C, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), serum triglyceride, liver triglyceride, Ox-LDL-C, small LDL particles, small VLDL, phospholipids, or oxidized phospholipids in an individual. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, type II diabetes with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperfattyacidemia, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In additional embodiments, the therapy is the reduction of CHD risk. In certain the therapy is prevention of atherosclerosis. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the prevention of coronary heart disease.

In certain embodiments a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for reducing LDL-C, ApoB, VLDL-C, IDL-C, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), serum triglyceride, liver triglyceride, Ox-LDL-C, small LDL particles, small VLDL, phospholipids, or oxidized phospholipids in an individual. In certain embodiments pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for reducing coronary heart disease risk. In certain embodiments a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, type II diabetes with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperfattyacidemia, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

ApoB Combination Therapies

In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are co-administered with one or more other pharmaceutical agents. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat the same disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain such embodiments, the one or more pharmaceutical agents are lipid-lowering agents. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat a different disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat an undesired effect of one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are co-administered with another pharmaceutical agent to treat an undesired effect of that other pharmaceutical agent. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at the same time. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at different times. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared together in a single formulation. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared separately.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid include lipid-lowering agents. In certain such embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered prior to administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered following administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the lipid-lowering agent is administered at the same time as a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is the same as the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is lower than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is greater than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is a statin. In certain such embodiments the statin is selected from atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and rosuvastatin.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments, cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ezetimibe.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a co-formulated HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the co-formulated lipid-lowering agent is ezetimibe/simvastatin.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor (MTP inhibitor).

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a bile acid sequestrant. In certain such embodiments, the bile acid sequestrant is selected from cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a nicotinic acid. In certain such embodiments, the nicotinic acid is selected from immediate release nicotinic acid, extended release nicotinic acid, and sustained release nicotinic acid.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a fibric acid. In certain such embodiments, a fibric acid is selected from gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and ciprofibrate.

Further examples of pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid include, but are not limited to, corticosteroids, including but not limited to prednisone; immunoglobulins, including, but not limited to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg); analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen); anti-inflammatory agents, including, but not limited to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, COX-1 inhibitors, and COX-2, inhibitors); salicylates; antibiotics; antivirals; antifungal agents; antidiabetic agents (e.g., biguanides, glucosidase inhibitors, insulins, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidenediones); adrenergic modifiers; diuretics; hormones (e.g., anabolic steroids, androgen, estrogen, calcitonin, progestin, somatostan, and thyroid hormones); immunomodulators; muscle relaxants; antihistamines; osteoporosis agents (e.g., biphosphonates, calcitonin, and estrogens); prostaglandins, antineoplastic agents; psychotherapeutic agents; sedatives; poison oak or poison sumac products; antibodies; and vaccines.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid may be administered in conjunction with a lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is therapeutic lifestyle change. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is LDL apheresis.

In one embodiment, the antisense compounds provided herein can be used to lower the level of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in a human subject. As used herein, “apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein” refers to any lipoprotein that has apolipoprotein B as its protein component, and is understood to include LDL, VLDL, IDL, and lipoprotein(a). LDL, VLDL, IDL and lipoprotein(a) each contain one molecule of apolipoprotein B, thus a serum apolipoprotein B measurement reflects the total number of these lipoproteins. As is known in the art, each of the aforementioned lipoproteins is atherogenic. Thus, lowering one or more apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in serum may provide a therapeutic benefit to a human subject. Small LDL particles are considered to be particularly atherogenic relative to large LDL particles, thus lowering small LDL particles can provide a therapeutic benefit to a human subject. Additional lipid parameters can also be determined in a subject. Reduction of total cholesterol:HDL ratio or LDL:HDL ratio is a clinically desirable improvement in cholesterol ratio. Similarly, it is clinically desirable to reduce serum triglycerides in humans who exhibit elevated lipid levels.

Other indications of cardiovascular disease that can be measured in a subject include serum LDL particle size; serum LDL cholesteryl ester concentration; serum LDL cholesteryl ester composition; the extent of polyunsaturation of serum LDL cholesteryl esters; and serum HDL cholesterol levels. As used herein, “serum LDL particle size” refers to the classification of serum LDL particle size, which may be very small, small, medium, or large, and is typically expressed in g/μmol. In the context of the present invention, “serum LDL cholesteryl ester concentration” means the amount of cholesteryl ester present in LDL particles, and is typically measured as mg/dL. In the context of the present invention, “serum LDL cholesteryl ester composition” is a measurement of the percentage of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated cholesteryl ester fatty acids present in serum LDL particles. “Polyunsaturation of serum LDL cholesteryl esters” means the percentage of polyunsaturated cholesteryl ester fatty acids in serum LDL particles.

Methods of obtaining serum or plasma samples for analysis and methods of preparation of the serum samples to allow for analysis are well known to those skilled in the art. With regard to measurements of lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglyceride and cholesteryl esters, the terms “serum” and “plasma” are herein used interchangeably.

In another embodiment, the antisense compounds provided herein can be used to treat metabolic disorders. A variety of biomarkers can be used for evaluating metabolic disease. For example, blood glucose levels can be determined by a physician or even by the patient using a commonly available test kit or glucometer (for example, the Ascensia ELITE™ kit, Ascensia (Bayer), Tarrytown N.Y., or Accucheck, Roche Diagnostics). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA_(1c)) can also be measured. HbA_(1c) is a stable minor hemoglobin variant formed in vivo via posttranslational modification by glucose, and it contains predominantly glycated —NH₂-terminal β-chains. There is a strong correlation between levels of HbA_(1c) and the average blood glucose levels over the previous 3 months. Thus HbA_(1c) is often viewed as the “gold standard” for measuring sustained blood glucose control (Bunn, H. F. et al., 1978, Science. 200, 21-7). HbA_(1c) can be measured by ion-exchange HPLC or immunoassay; home blood collection and mailing kits for HbA_(1c) measurement are now widely available. Serum fructosamine is another measure of stable glucose control and can be measured by a colorimetric method (Cobas Integra, Roche Diagnostics).

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to an ApoB Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NM_(—)000384.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Table 2 and Table 3.

The nucleotide sequence set forth in each SEQ ID NO in Tables 2 and 3 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, a monomeric linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds defined by a SEQ ID NO may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Tables 2 and 3 illustrate examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1. Table 2 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. Table 3 illustrates short antisense compounds that have one or two mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 1. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

TABLE 2 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1 5′ 3′ ISIS Target Target SEQ No Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif ID NO 372816 263 278 CCGGAGGTGCTTGAAT 3-10-3 MOE 16 372894 264 277 CGGAGGTGCTTGAA 2-10-2 MOE 17 372817 428 443 GAAGCCATACACCTCT 3-10-3 MOE 18 372895 429 442 AAGCCATACACCTC 2-10-2 MOE 19 372818 431 446 GTTGAAGCCATACACC 3-10-3 MOE 20 372896 432 445 TTGAAGCCATACAC 2-10-2 MOE 21 372819 438 453 CCTCAGGGTTGAAGCC 3-10-3 MOE 22 372897 439 452 CTCAGGGTTGAAGC 2-10-2 MOE 23 372820 443 458 TTTGCCCTCAGGGTTG 3-10-3 MOE 24 372898 444 457 TTGCCCTCAGGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 25 372821 468 483 AGTTCTTGGTTTTCTT 3-10-3 MOE 26 372899 469 482 GTTCTTGGTTTTCT 2-10-2 MOE 27 372822 587 602 CCTCTTGATGTTCAGG 3-10-3 MOE 28 372900 588 601 CTCTTGATGTTCAG 2-10-2 MOE 29 372823 592 607 ATGCCCCTCTTGATGT 3-10-3 MOE 30 372901 593 606 TGCCCCTCTTGATG 2-10-2 MOE 31 346583 715 728 TGCCACATTGCCCT 3-8-3 MOE 32 346584 716 729 TTGCCACATTGCCC 3-8-3 MOE 33 346585 717 730 GTTGCCACATTGCC 3-8-3 MOE 34 346586 718 731 TGTTGCCACATTGC 3-8-3 MOE 35 346587 719 732 CTGTTGCCACATTG 3-8-3 MOE 36 346588 720 733 TCTGTTGCCACATT 3-8-3 MOE 37 346589 721 734 TTCTGTTGCCACAT 3-8-3 MOE 38 346590 722 735 TTTCTGTTGCCACA 3-8-3 MOE 39 346591 723 736 ATTTCTGTTGCCAC 3-8-3 MOE 40 372824 929 944 GTAGGAGAAAGGCAGG 3-10-3 MOE 41 372902 930 943 TAGGAGAAAGGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 42 372825 1256 1271 GGCTTGTAAAGTGATG 3-10-3 MOE 43 372903 1257 1270 GCTTGTAAAGTGAT 2-10-2 MOE 44 372826 1304 1319 CCACTGGAGGATGTGA 3-10-3 MOE 45 372904 1305 1318 CACTGGAGGATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 46 372829 2135 2150 TTTCAGCATGCTTTCT 3-10-3 MOE 47 372907 2136 2149 TTCAGCATGCTTTC 2-10-2 MOE 48 372832 2774 2789 CATATTTGTCACAAAC 3-10-3 MOE 49 372910 2775 2788 ATATTTGTCACAAA 2-10-2 MOE 50 372833 2779 2794 ATGCCCATATTTGTCA 3-10-3 MOE 51 372911 2780 2793 TGCCCATATTTGTC 2-10-2 MOE 52 372835 2961 2976 TTTTGGTGGTAGAGAC 3-10-3 MOE 53 372913 2962 2975 TTTGGTGGTAGAGA 2-10-2 MOE 54 346592 3248 3261 TCTGCTTCGCACCT 3-8-3 MOE 55 346593 3249 3262 GTCTGCTTCGCACC 3-8-3 MOE 56 346594 3250 3263 AGTCTGCTTCGCAC 3-8-3 MOE 57 346595 3251 3264 CAGTCTGCTTCGCA 3-8-3 MOE 58 346596 3252 3265 TCAGTCTGCTTCGC 3-8-3 MOE 59 346597 3253 3266 CTCAGTCTGCTTCG 3-8-3 MOE 60 346598 3254 3267 CCTCAGTCTGCTTC 3-8-3 MOE 61 346599 3255 3268 GCCTCAGTCTGCTT 3-8-3 MOE 62 346600 3256 3269 AGCCTCAGTCTGCT 3-8-3 MOE 63 372836 3350 3365 AACTCTGAGGATTGTT 3-10-3 MOE 64 372914 3351 3364 ACTCTGAGGATTGT 2-10-2 MOE 65 372837 3355 3370 TCATTAACTCTGAGGA 3-10-3 MOE 66 372915 3356 3369 CATTAACTCTGAGG 2-10-2 MOE 67 372838 3360 3375 ATTCATCATTAACTCT 3-10-3 MOE 68 372916 3361 3374 TTCATCATTAACTC 2-10-2 MOE 69 372839 3409 3424 TTGTTCTGAATGTCCA 3-10-3 MOE 70 387461 3409 3424 TTGTTCTGAATGTCCA 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy 70 BNA Unmodified cytosines in gap 380147 3409 3424 TTGTTCTGAATGTCCA 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy 70 BNA 372917 3410 3423 TGTTCTGAATGTCC 2-10-2 MOE 73 372840 3573 3588 CAGATGAGTCCATTTG 3-10-3 MOE 74 372918 3574 3587 AGATGAGTCCATTT 2-10-2 MOE 75 372841 3701 3716 ATCCACAGGGAAATTG 3-10-3 MOE 76 372919 3702 3715 TCCACAGGGAAATT 2-10-2 MOE 77 372843 4219 4234 CAGTTGTACAAGTTGC 3-10-3 MOE 78 372921 4220 4233 AGTTGTACAAGTTG 2-10-2 MOE 79 372844 4301 4316 CACAGAGTCAGCCTTC 3-10-3 MOE 80 372922 4302 4315 ACAGAGTCAGCCTT 2-10-2 MOE 81 372845 4308 4323 GGTCAACCACAGAGTC 3-10-3 MOE 82 372923 4309 4322 GTCAACCACAGAGT 2-10-2 MOE 83 346601 5588 5601 CAGCCACATGCAGC 3-8-3 MOE 84 346602 5589 5602 CCAGCCACATGCAG 3-8-3 MOE 85 346603 5590 5603 ACCAGCCACATGCA 3-8-3 MOE 86 346604 5591 5604 TACCAGCCACATGC 3-8-3 MOE 87 346605 5592 5605 TTACCAGCCACATG 3-8-3 MOE 88 346606 5593 5606 GTTACCAGCCACAT 3-8-3 MOE 89 346607 5594 5607 GGTTACCAGCCACA 3-8-3 MOE 90 346608 5595 5608 AGGTTACCAGCCAC 3-8-3 MOE 91 346609 5596 5609 TAGGTTACCAGCCA 3-8-3 MOE 92 372851 5924 5939 AGGTTCTGCTTTCAAC 3-10-3 MOE 93 372929 5925 5938 GGTTCTGCTTTCAA 2-10-2 MOE 94 372854 6664 6679 TACTGATCAAATTGTA 3-10-3 MOE 95 372932 6665 6678 ACTGATCAAATTGT 2-10-2 MOE 96 372855 6908 6923 TTTTTCTTGTATCTGG 3-10-3 MOE 97 372933 6909 6922 TTTTCTTGTATCTG 2-10-2 MOE 98 372856 7190 7205 ATCCATTAAAACCTGG 3-10-3 MOE 99 372934 7191 7204 TCCATTAAAACCTG 2-10-2 MOE 100 372858 7817 7832 ATATTGCTCTGCAAAG 3-10-3 MOE 101 372936 7818 7831 TATTGCTCTGCAAA 2-10-2 MOE 102 346610 7818 7831 TATTGCTCTGCAAA 3-8-3 MOE 102 346611 7819 7832 ATATTGCTCTGCAA 3-8-3 MOE 104 346612 7820 7833 AATATTGCTCTGCA 3-8-3 MOE 105 346613 7821 7834 GAATATTGCTCTGC 3-8-3 MOE 106 346614 7822 7835 AGAATATTGCTCTG 3-8-3 MOE 107 346615 7823 7836 TAGAATATTGCTCT 3-8-3 MOE 108 346616 7824 7837 ATAGAATATTGCTC 3-8-3 MOE 109 346617 7825 7838 GATAGAATATTGCT 3-8-3 MOE 110 346618 7826 7839 GGATAGAATATTGC 3-8-3 MOE 111 372859 7995 8010 ATGGAATCCTCAAATC 3-10-3 MOE 112 372937 7996 8009 TGGAATCCTCAAAT 2-10-2 MOE 113 372861 8336 8351 GAATTCTGGTATGTGA 3-10-3 MOE 114 372939 8337 8350 AATTCTGGTATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 115 372862 8341 8356 AGCTGGAATTCTGGTA 3-10-3 MOE 116 372940 8342 8355 GCTGGAATTCTGGT 2-10-2 MOE 117 372863 8539 8554 TGAAAATCAAAATTGA 3-10-3 MOE 118 372941 8540 8553 GAAAATCAAAATTG 2-10-2 MOE 119 372871 9344 9359 AAACAGTGCATAGTTA 3-10-3 MOE 120 372949 9345 9358 AACAGTGCATAGTT 2-10-2 MOE 121 372872 9515 9530 TTCAGGAATTGTTAAA 3-10-3 MOE 122 372950 9516 9529 TCAGGAATTGTTAA 2-10-2 MOE 123 372875 9794 9809 TTTTGTTTCATTATAG 3-10-3 MOE 124 372953 9795 9808 TTTGTTTCATTATA 2-10-2 MOE 125 372877 10157 10172 GATGACACTTGATTTA 3-10-3 MOE 126 372955 10158 10171 ATGACACTTGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 127 372878 10161 10176 GTGTGATGACACTTGA 3-10-3 MOE 128 372956 10162 10175 TGTGATGACACTTG 2-10-2 MOE 129 372879 10167 10182 TATTCAGTGTGATGAC 3-10-3 MOE 130 372957 10168 10181 ATTCAGTGTGATGA 2-10-2 MOE 131 372880 10172 10187 ATTGGTATTCAGTGTG 3-10-3 MOE 132 372958 10173 10186 TTGGTATTCAGTGT 2-10-2 MOE 133 346619 10838 10851 CCTCTAGCTGTAAG 3-8-3 MOE 134 346620 10839 10852 CCCTCTAGCTGTAA 3-8-3 MOE 135 346621 10840 10853 GCCCTCTAGCTGTA 3-8-3 MOE 136 346622 10841 10854 GGCCCTCTAGCTGT 3-8-3 MOE 137 346623 10842 10855 AGGCCCTCTAGCTG 3-8-3 MOE 138 346624 10843 10856 GAGGCCCTCTAGCT 3-8-3 MOE 139 346625 10844 10857 AGAGGCCCTCTAGC 3-8-3 MOE 140 346626 10845 10858 AAGAGGCCCTCTAG 3-8-3 MOE 141 346627 10846 10859 AAAGAGGCCCTCTA 3-8-3 MOE 142 372890 13689 13704 GAATGGACAGGTCAAT 3-10-3 MOE 143 372968 13690 13703 AATGGACAGGTCAA 2-10-2 MOE 144 372891 13694 13709 GTTTTGAATGGACAGG 3-10-3 MOE 145 372969 13695 13708 TTTTGAATGGACAG 2-10-2 MOE 146 372892 13699 13714 TGGTAGTTTTGAATGG 3-10-3 MOE 147 372970 13700 13713 GGTAGTTTTGAATG 2-10-2 MOE 148 346628 13907 13920 TCACTGTATGGTTT 3-8-3 MOE 149 346629 13908 13921 CTCACTGTATGGTT 3-8-3 MOE 150 346630 13909 13922 GCTCACTGTATGGT 3-8-3 MOE 151 346631 13910 13923 GGCTCACTGTATGG 3-8-3 MOE 152 346632 13911 13924 TGGCTCACTGTATG 3-8-3 MOE 153 346633 13912 13925 CTGGCTCACTGTAT 3-8-3 MOE 154 346634 13913 13926 GCTGGCTCACTGTA 3-8-3 MOE 155 346635 13914 13927 GGCTGGCTCACTGT 3-8-3 MOE 156 346636 13915 13928 AGGCTGGCTCACTG 3-8-3 MOE 157 346637 13963 13976 CAGGTCCAGTTCAT 3-8-3 MOE 158 346638 13964 13977 GCAGGTCCAGTTCA 3-8-3 MOE 159 346639 13965 13978 TGCAGGTCCAGTTC 3-8-3 MOE 160 346640 13966 13979 GTGCAGGTCCAGTT 3-8-3 MOE 161 346641 13967 13980 GGTGCAGGTCCAGT 3-8-3 MOE 162 346642 13968 13981 TGGTGCAGGTCCAG 3-8-3 MOE 163 346643 13969 13982 TTGGTGCAGGTCCA 3-8-3 MOE 164 346644 13970 13983 TTTGGTGCAGGTCC 3-8-3 MOE 165 346645 13971 13984 CTTTGGTGCAGGTC 3-8-3 MOE 166 346646 14051 14064 TAACTCAGATCCTG 3-8-3 MOE 167 346647 14052 14065 ATAACTCAGATCCT 3-8-3 MOE 168 346648 14053 14066 AATAACTCAGATCC 3-8-3 MOE 169 346649 14054 14067 AAATAACTCAGATC 3-8-3 MOE 170 346650 14055 14068 AAAATAACTCAGAT 3-8-3 MOE 171 346651 14056 14069 CAAAATAACTCAGA 3-8-3 MOE 172 346652 14057 14070 GCAAAATAACTCAG 3-8-3 MOE 173 346653 14058 14071 AGCAAAATAACTCA 3-8-3 MOE 174 346654 14059 14072 TAGCAAAATAACTC 3-8-3 MOE 175

TABLE 3 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ SEQ Isis Target Target ID NO. Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 372894 771 784 CGGAGGTGCTTGAA 2-10-2 MOE 17 372905 1111 1124 CAGGGCCTGGAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 176 346628 1493 1506 TCACTGTATGGTTT 3-8-3 MOE 149 372828 2006 2021 TCTGAAGTCCATGATC 3-10-3 MOE 177 372906 2007 2020 CTGAAGTCCATGAT 2-10-2 MOE 178 372830 2382 2397 TGGGCATGATTCCATT 3-10-3 MOE 179 372908 2383 2396 GGGCATGATTCCAT 2-10-2 MOE 180 346616 3162 3175 ATAGAATATTGCTC 3-8-3 MOE 109 346617 3163 3176 GATAGAATATTGCT 3-8-3 MOE 110 372929 3513 3526 GGTTCTGCTTTCAA 2-10-2 MOE 94 372946 3800 3813 TGGAGCCCACGTGC 2-10-2 MOE 181 372904 4040 4053 CACTGGAGGATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 46 372842 4084 4099 TTGAAGTTGAGGGCTG 3-10-3 MOE 182 372920 4085 4098 TGAAGTTGAGGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 183 346586 4778 4791 TGTTGCCACATTGC 3-8-3 MOE 35 372847 5030 5045 ACCAGTATTAATTTTG 3-10-3 MOE 184 372925 5031 5044 CCAGTATTAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 185 372848 5192 5207 GTGTTCTTTGAAGCGG 3-10-3 MOE 186 372926 5193 5206 TGTTCTTTGAAGCG 2-10-2 MOE 187 372953 5625 5638 TTTGTTTCATTATA 2-10-2 MOE 125 372935 7585 7598 AGTTACTTTGGTGT 2-10-2 MOE 188 372860 8255 8270 TGGTACATGGAAGTCT 3-10-3 MOE 189 372938 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 MOE 190 391260 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 MOE 190 392068 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 MOE 190 387462 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy 190 BNA 391872 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 1-1-10-2 2′- 190 (butylacetomido)- palmitamide Methyleneoxy BNA/Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines in gap 380148 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy 190 BNA 391871 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 1-1-10-2 2′- 190 (butylacetomido)- palmitamide/MOE/MOE Unmodified cytosines in gap 391755 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 ENA 190 mC in wing only 398296 8256 8269 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 (6′S)-6′-methyl- 190 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified Cytosines 372942 8455 8468 TCCATGCCATATGT 2-10-2 MOE 200 372865 8888 8903 CCCTGAAGAAGTCCAT 3-10-3 MOE 201 372943 8889 8902 CCTGAAGAAGTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 202 372866 8908 8923 GCCCAGTTCCATGACC 3-10-3 MOE 203 372944 8909 8922 CCCAGTTCCATGAC 2-10-2 MOE 204 372867 9058 9073 TTGAGGAAGCCAGATT 3-10-3 MOE 205 372945 9059 9072 TGAGGAAGCCAGAT 2-10-2 MOE 206 372870 9261 9276 TGGATGCAGTAATCTC 3-10-3 MOE 207 372948 9262 9275 GGATGCAGTAATCT 2-10-2 MOE 208 372881 10185 10200 TATAAAGTCCAGCATT 3-10-3 MOE 209 372959 10186 10199 ATAAAGTCCAGCAT 2-10-2 MOE 210 372882 10445 10460 AAGTTCCTGCTTGAAG 3-10-3 MOE 211 372960 10446 10459 AGTTCCTGCTTGAA 2-10-2 MOE 212 372964 11451 11464 AATGGTGAAGTACT 2-10-2 MOE 213 346612 13459 13472 AATATTGCTCTGCA 3-8-3 MOE 105 346613 13460 13473 GAATATTGCTCTGC 3-8-3 MOE 106

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 263-278 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to nucleotides 263-278 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprise a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 16 or 17. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 263-278 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372816 or 372894.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 428-483 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 428-483 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, or 27. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 428-483 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372817, 372895, 372818, 372896, 372819, 372897, 372820, 372898, 372821, or 372899.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 428-458 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 428-458 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, or 25. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 428-458 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372817, 372895, 372818, 372896, 372819, 372897, 372820, or 372898.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 468-483 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 468-483 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 26 or 27. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 468-483 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372821 or 372899.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 587-607 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 587-607 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 28, 29, 30, or 31. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 587-607 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372822, 372900, 372823, or 372901.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 715-736 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 715-736 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, or 40. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 715-736 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 346583, 346584, 346585, 346586, 346587, 346588, 346589, 346590, or 346591.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 929-944 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 929-944 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 41 or 42. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 929-944 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372824 or 372902.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1256-1319 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1256-1319 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 43, 44, 45, or 46. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1256-1319 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372825, 372903, 372826, or 372904.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1256-1271 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1256-1271 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 43 or 44. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1256-1271 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372825 or 372903.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1304-1319 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1304-1319 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 45 or 46. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1304-1319 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from Isis NO. 372826 or 372904.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 2135-2150 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2135-2150 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 47 or 48. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2135-2150 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372829 or 372907.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 2774-2794 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2774-2794 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 49, 50, 51, or 52. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2774-2794 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372832, 372910, 372833, or 372911.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 2961-2976 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2961-2976 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 53 or 54. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2961-2976 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372835 or 372913.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 3248-3269 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3248-3269 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, or 63. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3248-3269 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 346592, 346593, 346594, 346595, 346596, 346597, 346598, 346599, or 346600.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 3350-3375 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3350-3375 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, or 69. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3350-3375 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372836, 372914, 372837, 372915, 372838, or 372916.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 3409-3424 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3409-3424 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 70 or 73. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3409-3424 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372839, 387461, 380147, or 372917.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 3573-3588 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3573-3588 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 74 or 75. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3573-3588 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372840 or 372918.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 3701-3716 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3701-3716 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 76 or 77. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 3701-3716 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372841 or 372919.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 4219-4234 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 4219-4234 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 78 or 79. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 4219-4234 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372843 or 372921.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 4301-4323 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 4301-4323 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 80, 81, 82, or 83. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 4301-4323 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372844, 372922, 372845, or 372923.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 5588-5609 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 5588-5609 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, or 92. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 5588-5609 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 346601, 346602, 346603, 346604, 346605, 346606, 346607, 346608, or 346609.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 5924-5939 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 5924-5939 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 93 or 94. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 5924-5939 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372851 or 372929.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 6664-6679 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6664-6679 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 95 or 96. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6664-6679 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372854 or 372932.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 6908-6923 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6908-6923 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 97 or 98. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6908-6923 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372855 or 372933.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 7190-7205 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 7190-7205 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 99 or 100. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 7190-7205 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372856 or 372934.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 7817-7839 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 7817-7839 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, or 111. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 7817-7839 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372858, 372936, 346610, 346611, 346612, 346613, 346614, 346615, 346616, 346617, or 346618.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 7995-8010 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 7995-8010 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 112 or 113. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 7995-8010 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372859 or 372937.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 8336-8356 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 8336-8356 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 114, 115, 116, or 117. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 8336-8356 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372861, 372939, 372862, or 372940.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 8539-8554 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 8539-8554 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 118 or 119. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 8539-8554 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372863 or 372941.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 9344-9359 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 9344-9359 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 120 or 121. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 9344-9359 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372871 or 372949.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 9515-9530 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 9515-9530 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 122 or 123. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 9515-9530 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372872 or 372950.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 9794-9809 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 9794-9809 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 124 or 125. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 9794-9809 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372875 or 372953.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 10157-10187 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 10157-10187 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, or 133. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 10157-10187 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372877, 372955, 372878, 372956, 372879, 372957, 372880, or 372958.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 10838-10859 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 10838-10859 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, or 142. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 10838-10859 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 346619, 346620, 346621, 346622, 346623, 346624, 346625, 346626, or 346627.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 13689-13714 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 13689-13714 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, or 148. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 13689-13714 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 372890, 372968, 372891, 372969, 372892, or 372970.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 13907-13928 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 13907-13928 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, or 157. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 13907-13928 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 346628, 346629, 346630, 346631, 346632, 346633, 346634, 346635, or 346636.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 13963-13984 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 13963-13984 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, or 166. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 13963-13984 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 346637, 346638, 346639, 346640, 346641, 346642, 346643, 346644, or 346645.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 14051-14072 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 14051-14072 of SEQ ID NO: 1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, or 175. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 14051-14072 of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from ISIS NO. 346646, 346647, 346648, 346649, 346650, 346651, 346652, 346653, or 346654.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of ApoB. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of ApoB using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of ApoB comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a ApoB nucleic acid may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a ApoB nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1, more preferably 1-10-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, and 1-9-2.

2. SGLT-2

Sodium dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT-2) is expressed in the kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells, and functions to reabsorb glucose preventing glucose loss in the urine. For the human genome SGLT-2 is a member of an 11-membered family of sodium substrate co-transporters. Many of these family members share sequence homology, for example SGLT-1 shares about 59% sequence identity with SGLT-2 and about 70% sequence identity with SGLT-3. SGLT-1 is a glucose transporter found in the heart and the CNS. SGLT-3 is a glucose sensing sodium channel in the small intestine. The separate localization patterns for these SGLTs is one point of distinction between the homologous family members. (Handlon, A. L., Expert Opin. Ther. Patents (2005) 15(11):1532-1540; Kanai et al., J. Clin. Invest., 1994, 93, 397-404; Wells et al., Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 1992, 263, F459-465).

Studies of human SGLT2 injected into Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that this protein mediates sodium-dependent transport of D-glucose and .alpha.-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (.alpha.-MeG1c; a glucose analog) with a Km value of 1.6 mM for .alpha.-MeG1c and a sodium to glucose coupling ratio of 1:1 (Kanai et al., J. Clin. Invest., 1994, 93, 397-404; You et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 29365-29371). This transport activity was suppressed by phlorizin, a plant glycoside that binds to the glucose site of the SGLTs but is not transported and thus inhibits SGLT action (You et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 29365-29371).

Diabetes is a disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficient insulin action. Chronic hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for diabetes-associated complications, including heart disease, retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. As the kidneys play a major role in the regulation of plasma glucose levels, renal glucose transporters are becoming attractive drug targets (Wright, Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol., 2001, 280, F10-18). Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease that develops in many patients with diabetes. Glucotoxicity, which results from long-term hyperglycemia, induces tissue-dependent insulin resistance in diabetic patients (Nawano et al., Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 2000, 278, E535-543).

Definitions

“Sodium dependent glucose transporter 2” is the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound. Sodium dependent glucose transporter 2 is generally referred to as SGLT2 but may also be referred to as SLC5A2; sodium-glucose transporter 2; sodium-glucose cotransporter, kidney low affinity; sodium-glucose cotransporter, renal; solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2; SL52.

“SGLT2 nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding SGLT2. For example, in certain embodiments, a SGLT2 nucleic acid includes, without limitation, a DNA sequence encoding SGLT2, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding SGLT2, and an mRNA sequence encoding SGLT2. “SGLT2 mRNA” means an mRNA encoding a SGLT2 protein.

Therapeutic Indications

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are used to modulate expression of SGLT-2 and related proteins. In certain embodiments, such modulation is accomplished by providing short antisense compounds that hybridize with one or more target nucleic acid molecules encoding SGLT-2, including, but is not limited to, SGLT2, SL52, SLC5A2, Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter, Kidney Low Affinity Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter, Renal Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 and Solute Carrier Family 5 Sodium/Glucose Co-Transporter Member 2. Also provided are methods of treating metabolic and/or cardiovascular disease and disorders as described herein. In particular embodiments, short antisense compounds that inhibit the expression of SGLT2 are used in methods of lowering blood glucose levels in an animal and methods of delaying or preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes. Such methods comprise administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of one or more of the compounds of the invention to the animal, which may be in need of treatment. The one or more compounds can be a short antisense compound targeting a nucleic acid encoding SGLT2. Provided herein are methods of enhancing inhibition of expression of SGLT2 in kidney cells or kidney tissues, comprising contacting the cells or tissues with one or more of the compounds of the invention, such as short antisense compounds targeting a nucleic acid encoding SGLT2.

While certain compounds, compositions and methods have been described with specificity in accordance with certain embodiments, the following examples serve only to illustrate the compounds of the invention and are not intended to limit the same.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are chimeric oligomeric compounds having mixed phosphorothioate and phosphodiester backbones. Certain mixed backbone short antisense compounds have a central gap comprising at least 5 contiguous 2′-deoxy nucleosides flanked by two wings each of which comprises at least one 2′-O-methoxyethyl nucleoside. In certain embodiments, the internucleoside linkages of the mixed backbone compounds are phosphorothioate linkages in the gap and phosphodiester linkages in the two wings. In certain embodiments, mixed backbone compounds have phosphorothioate linkages in the wings, except for one phosphodiester linkage at one or both of the extreme 5′ and 3′ ends of the oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments short antisense compounds targeted to SGLT2 have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 2-8-2, 1-9-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1. In certain embodiments short antisense compounds targeted to SGLT2 have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 2-8-2, 1-9-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid and having a mixed backbone are efficiently delivered to the kidney. In certain embodiments, administration of short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid and having a mixed backbone results in modulation of target gene expression in the kidney. In certain such embodiments, there is little or no liver or kidney toxicity. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid and having a mixed backbone are more potent for reducing SGLT-2 mRNA and have a faster onset compared with a short antisense compound that does not have a mixed back-bone, but is otherwise identical. In certain such embodiments, such increase potency and/or reduced toxicity is in mouse and/or rat. In certain such embodiments, such increase potency and/or reduced toxicity is in a human.

By way of example, and only for illustrative purposes, ISIS 145733, which comprises uniform phosphorothioate linkages and ISIS 257016 which comprises phosphodiester linkage in the wings and phosphorothioate linkages in the gap, are otherwise identical. Both comprise the sequence GAAGTAGCCACCAACTGTGC (SEQ ID NO. 1572). Both of the oligonucleotides further comprise a gap consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, flanked on each side by five-nucleotide “2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) nucleotides. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines. The mixed back-bone compound, ISIS 257016, was about 50 times more potent for reducing SGLT-2 mRNA compared to the non-mixed parent compound, ISIS 145733 (see EXAMPLE 9).

Pharmacokinetic studies of certain mixed backbone compound ISIS 257016 indicate that in certain embodiments, the compound acts as a prodrug that is metabolized to a 12 nucleobase pharmacophore. Studies with ISIS 370717, a 12 nucleobase short antisense compound corresponding to ISIS 257016, show that the compound has a similar pharmacological profile to ISIS 257016 but with a faster onset of action. ISIS 370717 is a 12 nucleobase antisense oligonucleotide targeted to SGLT-2 comprising the sequence TAGCCACCAACT (SEQ ID NO. 1554), further comprising a gap consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, flanked on both sides by one-nucleotide wings. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) nucleotides. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines. The internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide. The similarity in pharmacological activity of ISIS 257016 and ISIS 370717 supports the pharmacokinetic studies indicating ISIS 257016 was a prodrug having a 12 nucleotide pharmacophore (see EXAMPLE 10). Further, studies with stabilized (end-capped) versions of ISIS 257016 show dramatic loss of activity.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds comprising 2′ MOE monomers in the wings are efficiently delivered to the kidney and treatment with such compounds results in efficient modulation of target gene expression in the kidney without liver or kidney toxicity. It is further shown herein that in certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are more potent for reducing SGLT-2 mRNA and have a faster onset compared with parent oligonucleotides targeted to SGLT-2 mRNA in mouse and rat. 2′ MOE gap shortmers are shown herein to improve potency and bioavailability over parent compounds.

By way of example, and only for illustrative purposes studies with ISIS 370717 reveal significantly higher accumulation of the short antisense compound in the kidney tissue (approximately 500 micro grams per gram of tissue) compared to the longer parent. Moreover, SGLT-2 mRNA was reduced by more than 80% over the controls (see EXAMPLE 11). ISIS 370717 1-10-1 gapmer was used as a template to make sequence related oligos with varying motifs. Studies evaluating wing, gap and total length variations around the ISIS 370717 12 mer oligonucleotide can be seen in EXAMPLE 12. Certain motifs evaluated included 1-10-1, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3, and 1-6-1 (see Table 60 in EXAMPLE 12). The compounds were analyzed for their effect on SGLT2 mRNA levels. All the motifs inhibited the expression of SGLT2 in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. The 1-10-1, 2-8-2 and 1-8-1 gapmers were found to be particularly potent. SGLT-2 mRNA was reduced by more than 80% over the controls using these motifs.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid and having a motif selected from: 1-10-1 and 1-10-2 MOE gapmer. (see Table 62 in EXAMPLE 13). Certain such compounds were analyzed for their effect on rat SGLT2 mRNA. Results in Table 63 illustrate that both the 1-10-1 and 1-10-2 MOE gapmers inhibit the expression of SGLT2 in vivo in a dose-dependent manner and over 80% reduction of SGLT-2 mRNA could be achieved.

Certain additional 1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE gapmers were evaluated in both mouse and rat in vivo models (see, e.g., EXAMPLE 14 and 15). Greater than 80% reduction in SGLT-2 mRNA was achieved with many of the 1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE gapmers at relatively low concentrations of oligo and in the absence of any toxicity effects.

In another non-limiting example, the effect of ISIS 388625 on dog SGLT2 mRNA levels was also analyzed. Dog studies illustrate that greater than 80% inhibition of the expression of SGLT2 can be achieved at a 1 mg/kg/wk dose. Even greater inhibition can be achieved at slightly higher doses. Administration of ISIS 388625 in dog was also shown to improved glucose tolerance. Peak plasma glucose levels were decreased by over 50% on average and the subsequent drop in glucose was lessened compared to saline controls in a standard glucose tolerance test (See EXAMPLE 17). Also, in a rat model of diabetes, short antisense compounds were shown to significantly decrease plasma glucose levels and HbA1C over time compared to PBS and control treated animals (See Example 16).

The animals in all studies were further evaluated for toxicity. For example, total body weight, liver, spleen and kidney weight were evaluated. Significant changes in spleen, liver or body weight can indicate that a particular compound causes toxic effects. All changes were found to be within the margin of error. No significant changes in body weight were observed during the treatment or at study termination. No significant changes in liver or spleen weights were observed.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to an SGLT2 Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK®V Accession No. NM_(—)003041.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 2. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 3 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 3 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 3 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 3 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Table 4 and 5.

The nucleotide sequence set forth in each SEQ ID NO set forth in Tables 4 and 5 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, a monomeric linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds defined by a SEQ ID NO may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Tables 4 and 5 illustrate examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 3. Table 4 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3. Table 5 illustrates short antisense compounds that have one or two mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 3. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

TABLE 4 Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to SEQ ID NO: 3 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer ID No Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 379684 84 95 TGTCAGCAGGAT 1-10-1 MOE 214 405193 113 124 CAGCAGGAAATA 2-8-2 MOE 215 405194 114 125 CCAGCAGGAAAT 2-8-2 MOE 216 405195 115 126 ACCAGCAGGAAA 2-8-2 MOE 217 405196 116 127 GACCAGCAGGAA 2-8-2 MOE 218 405197 117 128 TGACCAGCAGGA 2-8-2 MOE 219 379685 117 128 TGACCAGCAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 219 405198 118 129 ATGACCAGCAGG 2-8-2 MOE 221 405199 119 130 AATGACCAGCAG 2-8-2 MOE 222 405200 120 131 CAATGACCAGCA 2-8-2 MOE 223 405201 121 132 CCAATGACCAGC 2-8-2 MOE 224 379686 135 146 ACCACAAGCCAA 1-10-1 MOE 225 379711 172 183 TAGCCGCCCACA 1-10-1 MOE 226 388628 172 183 TAGCCGCCCACA 2-8-2 MOE 226 405202 207 218 CCGGCCACCACA 2-8-2 MOE 228 405203 208 219 ACCGGCCACCAC 2-8-2 MOE 229 405204 236 247 GATGTTGCTGGC 2-8-2 MOE 230 379687 236 247 GATGTTGCTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 230 405205 237 248 CGATGTTGCTGG 2-8-2 MOE 232 405206 238 249 CCGATGTTGCTG 2-8-2 MOE 233 405207 239 250 GCCGATGTTGCT 2-8-2 MOE 234 405208 240 251 TGCCGATGTTGC 2-8-2 MOE 235 405209 241 252 CTGCCGATGTTG 2-8-2 MOE 236 405210 260 271 CAGGCCCACAAA 2-8-2 MOE 237 405211 261 272 CCAGGCCCACAA 2-8-2 MOE 238 405212 262 273 GCCAGGCCCACA 2-8-2 MOE 239 379688 288 299 CCAAGCCACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 240 379689 318 329 AGAGCGCATTCC 1-10-1 MOE 241 379690 435 446 ACAGGTAGAGGC 1-10-1 MOE 242 405248 474 485 AGATCTTGGTGA 2-8-2 MOE 243 379691 474 485 AGATCTTGGTGA 1-10-1 MOE 243 382676 527 539 TGTTCCAGCCCAG 1-10-2 MOE 245 388625 528 539 TGTTCCAGCCCA 2-8-2 MOE 246 389780 528 539 TGTTCCAGCCCA 1-9-2 MOE 246 379692 528 539 TGTTCCAGCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 246 392170 528 539 TGTTCCAGCCCA 1-10-1 246 Methyleneoxy BNA 392173 528 539 TGTTCCAGCCCA 2-8-2 246 Methyleneoxy BNA 405213 529 540 ATGTTCCAGCCC 2-8-2 MOE 251 405214 564 575 TGGTGATGCCCA 2-8-2 MOE 252 405215 565 576 ATGGTGATGCCC 2-8-2 MOE 253 405216 566 577 CATGGTGATGCC 2-8-2 MOE 254 379693 566 577 CATGGTGATGCC 1-10-1 MOE 254 405217 567 578 TCATGGTGATGC 2-8-2 MOE 256 405218 568 579 ATCATGGTGATG 2-8-2 MOE 257 405219 587 598 CCCTCCTGTCAC 2-8-2 MOE 258 405220 588 599 GCCCTCCTGTCA 2-8-2 MOE 259 405221 589 600 AGCCCTCCTGTC 2-8-2 MOE 260 405222 590 601 CAGCCCTCCTGT 2-8-2 MOE 261 405223 591 602 CCAGCCCTCCTG 2-8-2 MOE 262 405224 592 603 GCCAGCCCTCCT 2-8-2 MOE 263 379694 629 640 GACGAAGGTCTG 1-10-1 MOE 264 405225 707 718 GTATTTGTCGAA 2-8-2 MOE 265 379695 737 748 GGACACCGTCAG 1-10-1 MOE 266 379696 974 985 CAGCTTCAGGTA 1-10-1 MOE 267 405226 998 1009 CATGACCATGAG 2-8-2 MOE 268 405227 999 1010 GCATGACCATGA 2-8-2 MOE 269 405228 1000 1011 GGCATGACCATG 2-8-2 MOE 270 405229 1001 1012 TGGCATGACCAT 2-8-2 MOE 271 405230 1002 1013 CTGGCATGACCA 2-8-2 MOE 272 379697 1002 1013 CTGGCATGACCA 1-10-1 MOE 272 405231 1003 1014 CCTGGCATGACC 2-8-2 MOE 274 379698 1091 1102 GCAGCCCACCTC 1-10-1 MOE 275 405232 1092 1103 AGCAGCCCACCT 2-8-2 MOE 276 405233 1093 1104 GAGCAGCCCACC 2-8-2 MOE 277 405234 1130 1141 CATGAGCTTCAC 2-8-2 MOE 278 405235 1131 1142 GCATGAGCTTCA 2-8-2 MOE 279 382677 1131 1143 GGCATGAGCTTCA 1-10-2 MOE 280 388626 1132 1143 GGCATGAGCTTC 2-8-2 MOE 281 379699 1132 1143 GGCATGAGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 281 405236 1133 1144 GGGCATGAGCTT 2-8-2 MOE 283 405237 1157 1168 CAGCATGAGTCC 2-8-2 MOE 284 405238 1158 1169 CCAGCATGAGTC 2-8-2 MOE 285 379700 1158 1169 CCAGCATGAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 285 405239 1159 1170 GCCAGCATGAGT 2-8-2 MOE 287 379701 1230 1241 CCATGGTGAAGA 1-10-1 MOE 288 405240 1542 1553 CACAGCTGCCCG 2-8-2 MOE 289 405241 1543 1554 ACACAGCTGCCC 2-8-2 MOE 290 405242 1544 1555 CACACAGCTGCC 2-8-2 MOE 291 382678 1544 1556 GCACACAGCTGCC 1-10-2 MOE 292 388627 1545 1556 GCACACAGCTGC 2-8-2 MOE 293 379702 1545 1556 GCACACAGCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 293 379703 1701 1712 GCCGGAGACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 295 405243 1976 1987 ATTGAGGTTGAC 2-8-2 MOE 296 405244 1977 1988 CATTGAGGTTGA 2-8-2 MOE 297 405245 1978 1989 GCATTGAGGTTG 2-8-2 MOE 298 405246 1979 1990 GGCATTGAGGTT 2-8-2 MOE 299 405247 1980 1991 GGGCATTGAGGT 2-8-2 MOE 300

TABLE 5 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 3 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer SEQ ID No Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 405200 96 107 CAATGACCAGCA 2-8-2 MOE 223 405215 382 393 ATGGTGATGCCC 2-8-2 MOE 253 405216 383 394 CATGGTGATGCC 2-8-2 MOE 254 379693 383 394 CATGGTGATGCC 1-10-1 MOE 254 379701 471 482 CCATGGTGAAGA 1-10-1 MOE 288 405218 472 483 ATCATGGTGATG 2-8-2 MOE 257 405246 536 547 GGCATTGAGGTT 2-8-2 MOE 299 405248 570 581 AGATCTTGGTGA 2-8-2 MOE 243 379691 570 581 AGATCTTGGTGA 1-10-1 MOE 243 379698 683 694 GCAGCCCACCTC 1-10-1 MOE 275 405232 684 695 AGCAGCCCACCT 2-8-2 MOE 276 379711 685 696 TAGCCGCCCACA 1-10-1 MOE 226 388628 685 696 TAGCCGCCCACA 2-8-2 MOE 226 379698 950 961 GCAGCCCACCTC 1-10-1 MOE 275 405232 951 962 AGCAGCCCACCT 2-8-2 MOE 276 405235 978 989 GCATGAGCTTCA 2-8-2 MOE 279 382677 978 990 GGCATGAGCTTCA 1-10-2 MOE 280 388626 979 990 GGCATGAGCTTC 2-8-2 MOE 281 379699 979 990 GGCATGAGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 281 405236 980 991 GGGCATGAGCTT 2-8-2 MOE 283 379698 1043 1054 GCAGCCCACCTC 1-10-1 MOE 275 405239 1171 1182 GCCAGCATGAGT 2-8-2 MOE 287 405209 1213 1224 CTGCCGATGTTG 2-8-2 MOE 236 405233 1364 1375 GAGCAGCCCACC 2-8-2 MOE 277 405240 1366 1377 CACAGCTGCCCG 2-8-2 MOE 289 405211 1500 1511 CCAGGCCCACAA 2-8-2 MOE 238 405212 1501 1512 GCCAGGCCCACA 2-8-2 MOE 239 379695 1643 1654 GGACACCGTCAG 1-10-1 MOE 266 379698 1875 1886 GCAGCCCACCTC 1-10-1 MOE 275 405239 1993 2004 GCCAGCATGAGT 2-8-2 MOE 287 405211 2210 2221 CCAGGCCCACAA 2-8-2 MOE 238 405212 2211 2222 GCCAGGCCCACA 2-8-2 MOE 239

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 85-184 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 85-184 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 85-184 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, or 227. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 85-184 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis No 379684, 405193, 405194, 405195, 405196, 405197, 379685, 405198, 405199, 405200, 405201, 379686, 379711 or 388628.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 113-132 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 113-132 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 113-132 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, or 224. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 113-132 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis No 405193, 405194, 405195, 405196, 405197, 379685, 405198, 405199, 405200, or 405201.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 207-329 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 207-329 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 207-329 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, or 241. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 207-329 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis No 405202, 405203, 405204, 379687, 405205, 405206, 405207, 405208, 405209, 405210, 405211, 405212, 379688, or 379689.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 207-273 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 207-273 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 207-273 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, or 239. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 207-273 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis No 405202, 405203, 405204, 379687, 405205, 405206, 405207, 405208, 405209, 405210, 405211, or 405212.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 207-219 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 207-219 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 207-219 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 228 or 229. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 207-219 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405202 or 405203.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 236-252 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 236-252 of SEQ iD NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 236-252 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, or 236. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 236-252 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405204, 379687, 405205, 405206, 405207, 405208, or 405209.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 260-273 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 260-273 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 260-273 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 237, 238, or 239. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 260-273 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405210, 405211, or 405212.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 435-640 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 435-640 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 435-640 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 242, 243, 245, 246, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, or 264. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 435-640 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 379690, 405248, 379691, 389780, 379692, 382676, 388625, 392170, 392173, 405213, 405214, 405215, 405216, 379693, 405217, 405218, 405219, 405220, 405221, 405222, 405223, 405224, or 379694.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 527-540 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 527-540 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 527-540 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 245, 246, or 251. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 527-540 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 389780, 379692, 382676, 388626, 392170, 392173, or 405213.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 564-603 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 564-603 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 564-603 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, or 263. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 564-603 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405214, 405215, 405216, 379693, 405217, 405218, 405219, 405220, 405221, 405222, 405223, or 405224.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 564-579 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 564-579 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 564-579 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 252, 253, 254, 256, or 257. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 564-579 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405214, 405215, 405216, 379693, 405217, or 405218.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 587-603 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 587-603 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 587-603 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, or 263. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 587-603 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405219, 405220, 405221, 405222, 405223, or 405224.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 974-1014 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 974-1014 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 974-1014 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, or 274. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 974-1014 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 379696, 405226, 405227, 405228, 405229, 405230, 379697, or 405231.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 998-1014 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 998-1014 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 998-1014 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, or 274. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 998-1014 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405226, 405227, 405228, 405229, 405230, 379697, or 405231.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1091-1170 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1091-1170 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1091-1170 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 283, 284, 285, 286, or 287. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1091-1170 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 379698, 405232, 405233, 405234, 405235, 388626, 379699, 382677, 405236, 405237, 405238, 379700, or 405239.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1091-1104 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1091-1104 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1091-1104 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 275, 276, or 277. In certain such embodiments, an short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1091-1104 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 379698, 405232, or 405233.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1130-1144 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1130-1144 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1130-1144 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 278, 279, 280, 281, or 283. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1130-1144 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405234, 405235, 388626, 379699, 382677, or 405236.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1157-1170 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1157-1170 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1157-1170 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 284, 285, or 287. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1157-1170 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405237, 405238, 379700, or 405239.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1542-1556 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1542-1556 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1542-1556 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 289, 290, 291, 292, or 293. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1542-1556 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405240, 405241, 405242, 388629, 379702, or 382678.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1976-1991 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1976-1991 of SEQ ID NO: 3. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1976-1991 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 296, 297, 298, 299, or 300. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1976-1991 of SEQ ID NO: 3 is selected from Isis NO. 405243, 405244, 405245, 405246, or 405247.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(n))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of SGLT2. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of SGLT2 using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SGLT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to an SGLT2 nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

3. PCSK9

In individuals with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH), elevated LDL-C levels have been linked to mutations in the genes encoding LDL-receptor (LDL-R), apolipoprotein B (apoB), or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (Abifadel et al., Nat. Genet., 2003, 34:154-156). PCSK9 was identified as a third locus associated with ADH when gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 were found to be linked to elevated LDL-C levels. ApoB participates in the intracellular assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and is a ligand for the LDL-R. PCSK9 is proposed to reduce LDL-R expression levels in the liver. Reduced LDL-R expression results in reduced hepatic uptake of circulating ApoB-containing lipoproteins, which in turn leads to elevated cholesterol.

Definitions

“PCSK9” is the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound.

“PCSK9 nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding PCSK9. For example, in certain embodiments, a PCSK9 nucleic acid includes, without limitation, a DNA sequence encoding PCSK9, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding PCSK9, and an mRNA sequence encoding PCSK9.

“PCSK9 mRNA” means an mRNA encoding PCSK9.

PCSK9 Therapeutic Indications

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating the expression of PCSK9 in an individual comprising administering a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of treating an individual comprising administering one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, the individual has hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, type II diabetes with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperfattyacidemia, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Guidelines for lipid-lowering therapy were established in 2001 by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and updated in 2004 (Grundy et al., Circulation, 2004, 110, 227-239). The guidelines include obtaining a complete lipoprotein profile, typically after a 9 to 12 hour fast, for determination of LDL-C, total cholesterol, and HDL-C levels. According to the most recently established guidelines, LDL-C levels of 130-159 mg/dL, 160-189 mg/dL, and greater than or equal to 190 mg/dL are considered borderline high, high, and very high, respectively. Total cholesterol levels of 200-239 and greater than or equal to 240 mg/dL are considered borderline high and high, respectively. HDL-C levels of less than 40 mg/dL are considered low.

In certain embodiments, the individual has been identified as in need of lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, the individual has been identified as in need of lipid-lowering therapy according to the guidelines established in 2001 by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and updated in 2004 (Grundy et al., Circulation, 2004, 110, 227-239). In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 190 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 160 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 130 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 100 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 160 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 130 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 100 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual should maintain LDL-C below 70 mg/dL.

In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing ApoB in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing ApoB-containing lipoprotein in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing LDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing VLDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing IDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing non-HDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing Lp(a) in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing serum triglyceride in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing liver triglyceride in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing Ox-LDL-C in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing small LDL particles in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing small VLDL particles in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing phospholipids in an individual. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing oxidized phospholipids in an individual.

In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not lower HDL-C. In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not result in accumulation of lipids in the liver.

In certain embodiments a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid is for use in therapy. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the reduction of LDL-C, ApoB, VLDL-C, IDL-C, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), serum triglyceride, liver triglyceride, Ox-LDL-C, small LDL particles, small VLDL, phospholipids, or oxidized phospholipids in an individual. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, type II diabetes with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperfattyacidemia, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In additional embodiments, the therapy is the reduction of CHD risk. In certain the therapy is prevention of atherosclerosis. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the prevention of coronary heart disease.

In certain embodiments a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for reducing LDL-C, ApoB, VLDL-C, IDL-C, non-HDL-C, Lp(a), serum triglyceride, liver triglyceride, Ox-LDL-C, small LDL particles, small VLDL, phospholipids, or oxidized phospholipids in an individual. In certain embodiments pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to PCKS9 is used for the preparation of a medicament for reducing coronary heart disease risk. In certain embodiments a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, type II diabetes with dyslipidemia, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperfattyacidemia, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

PCSK9 Combination Therapies

In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are co-administered with one or more other pharmaceutical agents. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat the same disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat a different disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat an undesired effect of one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are co-administered with another pharmaceutical agent to treat an undesired effect of that other pharmaceutical agent. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at the same time. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at different times. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared together in a single formulation. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared separately.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include lipid-lowering agents. In certain such embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered prior to administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered following administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the lipid-lowering agent is administered at the same time as a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is the same as the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is lower than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is greater than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is a statin. In certain such embodiments the statin is selected from atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and rosuvastatin.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments, cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ezetimibe.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a co-formulated HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the co-formulated lipid-lowering agent is ezetimibe/simvastatin.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor (MTP inhibitor).

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is an oligonucleotide targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a bile acid sequestrant. In certain such embodiments, the bile acid sequestrant is selected from cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a nicotinic acid. In certain such embodiments, the nicotinic acid is selected from immediate release nicotinic acid, extended release nicotinic acid, and sustained release nicotinic acid.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a fibric acid. In certain such embodiments, a fibric acid is selected from gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and ciprofibrate.

Further examples of pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, corticosteroids, including but not limited to prednisone; immunoglobulins, including, but not limited to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg); analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen); anti-inflammatory agents, including, but not limited to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, COX-1 inhibitors, and COX-2, inhibitors); salicylates; antibiotics; antivirals; antifungal agents; antidiabetic agents (e.g., biguanides, glucosidase inhibitors, insulins, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidenediones); adrenergic modifiers; diuretics; hormones (e.g., anabolic steroids, androgen, estrogen, calcitonin, progestin, somatostan, and thyroid hormones); immunomodulators; muscle relaxants; antihistamines; osteoporosis agents (e.g., biphosphonates, calcitonin, and estrogens); prostaglandins, antineoplastic agents; psychotherapeutic agents; sedatives; poison oak or poison sumac products; antibodies; and vaccines.

In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered in conjuction with a lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is therapeutic lifestyle change. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is LDL apheresis.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a PCSK9 Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NM_(—)174936.2, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 4 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 4 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 4 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Table 6 or Table 7.

The nucleotide sequence set forth in each SEQ ID NO in Tables 6 and 7 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds defined by a SEQ ID NO may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Short antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Tables 6 and 7 illustrate examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 4. Table 6 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4. Table 7 illustrates short antisense compounds that have one or two mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 4. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

TABLE 6 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 4 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer ID NO. Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 400297 695 708 ATGGGGCAACTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 329 400298 696 709 CATGGGGCAACTTC 2-10-2 MOE 330 400299 697 710 ACATGGGGCAACTT 2-10-2 MOE 331 400300 742 755 GGGATGCTCTGGGC 2-10-2 MOE 332 400301 757 770 CGCTCCAGGTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 333 400302 828 841 GATACACCTCCACC 2-10-2 MOE 334 400303 829 842 AGATACACCTCCAC 2-10-2 MOE 335 400304 830 843 GAGATACACCTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 336 400305 937 950 GCCTGTCTGTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 337 400306 952 965 CTGTCACACTTGCT 2-10-2 MOE 338 400307 988 1001 CGGCCGCTGACCAC 2-10-2 MOE 339 400308 989 1002 CCGGCCGCTGACCA 2-10-2 MOE 340 400309 990 1003 CCCGGCCGCTGACC 2-10-2 MOE 341 400310 991 1004 TCCCGGCCGCTGAC 2-10-2 MOE 342 400311 992 1005 ATCCCGGCCGCTGA 2-10-2 MOE 343 400312 993 1006 CATCCCGGCCGCTG 2-10-2 MOE 344 400313 994 1007 GCATCCCGGCCGCT 2-10-2 MOE 345 400314 1057 1070 GTGCCCTTCCCTTG 2-10-2 MOE 346 400315 1075 1088 ATGAGGGTGCCGCT 2-10-2 MOE 347 400316 1076 1089 TATGAGGGTGCCGC 2-10-2 MOE 348 400317 1077 1090 CTATGAGGGTGCCG 2-10-2 MOE 349 400318 1078 1091 CCTATGAGGGTGCC 2-10-2 MOE 350 400319 1093 1106 CGAATAAACTCCAG 2-10-2 MOE 351 400320 1094 1107 CCGAATAAACTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 352 400321 1095 1108 TCCGAATAAACTCC 2-10-2 MOE 353 400322 1096 1109 TTCCGAATAAACTC 2-10-2 MOE 354 400323 1147 1160 GCCAGGGGCAGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 355 400324 1255 1268 GAGTAGAGGCAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 356 400325 1334 1347 CCCCAAAGTCCCCA 2-10-2 MOE 357 400326 1335 1348 TCCCCAAAGTCCCC 2-10-2 MOE 358 400327 1336 1349 GTCCCCAAAGTCCC 2-10-2 MOE 359 400328 1453 1466 ACGTGGGCAGCAGC 2-10-2 MOE 360 400329 1454 1467 CACGTGGGCAGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 361 400330 1455 1468 CCACGTGGGCAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 362 400331 1456 1469 GCCACGTGGGCAGC 2-10-2 MOE 363 400332 1569 1582 CAGGGAACCAGGCC 2-10-2 MOE 364 400333 1570 1583 TCAGGGAACCAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 365 400334 1571 1584 CTCAGGGAACCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 366 400335 1572 1585 CCTCAGGGAACCAG 2-10-2 MOE 367 400336 1573 1586 TCCTCAGGGAACCA 2-10-2 MOE 368 400337 1574 1587 GTCCTCAGGGAACC 2-10-2 MOE 369 400338 1575 1588 GGTCCTCAGGGAAC 2-10-2 MOE 370 400339 1576 1589 TGGTCCTCAGGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 371 400340 1577 1590 CTGGTCCTCAGGGA 2-10-2 MOE 372 400341 1578 1591 GCTGGTCCTCAGGG 2-10-2 MOE 373 400342 1621 1634 GTGCTGGGGGGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 374 400343 1622 1635 GGTGCTGGGGGGCA 2-10-2 MOE 375 400344 1623 1636 GGGTGCTGGGGGGC 2-10-2 MOE 376 400345 1624 1637 TGGGTGCTGGGGGG 2-10-2 MOE 377 400346 1738 1751 GAGCAGCTCAGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 378 400347 1739 1752 GGAGCAGCTCAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 379 400348 1740 1753 TGGAGCAGCTCAGC 2-10-2 MOE 380 400349 1741 1754 CTGGAGCAGCTCAG 2-10-2 MOE 381 400350 1834 1847 CCCTCACCCCCAAA 2-10-2 MOE 382 400351 1835 1848 ACCCTCACCCCCAA 2-10-2 MOE 383 400352 1836 1849 CACCCTCACCCCCA 2-10-2 MOE 384 400353 1837 1850 ACACCCTCACCCCC 2-10-2 MOE 385 400354 1838 1851 GACACCCTCACCCC 2-10-2 MOE 386 400355 1839 1852 AGACACCCTCACCC 2-10-2 MOE 387 400356 1840 1853 TAGACACCCTCACC 2-10-2 MOE 388 400357 2083 2096 TGGCAGCAGGAAGC 2-10-2 MOE 389 400358 2084 2097 ATGGCAGCAGGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 390 400359 2085 2098 CATGGCAGCAGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 391 400360 2086 2099 GCATGGCAGCAGGA 2-10-2 MOE 392 400361 2316 2329 GGCAGCAGATGGCA 2-10-2 MOE 393 400362 2317 2330 CGGCAGCAGATGGC 2-10-2 MOE 394 400363 2318 2331 CCGGCAGCAGATGG 2-10-2 MOE 395 400364 2319 2332 TCCGGCAGCAGATG 2-10-2 MOE 396 400365 2320 2333 CTCCGGCAGCAGAT 2-10-2 MOE 397 400366 2321 2334 GCTCCGGCAGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 398 400367 2322 2335 GGCTCCGGCAGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 399 400368 2323 2336 CGGCTCCGGCAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 400 400369 2324 2337 CCGGCTCCGGCAGC 2-10-2 MOE 401 400370 2325 2338 GCCGGCTCCGGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 402 400371 3543 3556 AGTTACAAAAGCAA 2-10-2 MOE 403 403739 988 1001 CGGCCGCTGACCAC 2-10-2 339 (6′S)-6′- methyl- Methyleneoxy BNA 403740 1455 1468 CCACGTGGGCAGCA 2-10-2 362 (6′S)-6′- methyl- Methyleneoxy BNA

TABLE 7 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 4 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Sequence ID NO. Site Site (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 400323 349 362 GCCAGGGGCAGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 355 400370 679 692 GCCGGCTCCGGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 402 400361 1860 1873 GGCAGCAGATGGCA 2-10-2 MOE 393 400323 1873 1886 GCCAGGGGCAGCAG 2-10-2 MOE 355 400310 2257 2270 TCCCGGCCGCTGAC 2-10-2 MOE 342 400361 2653 2666 GGCAGCAGATGGCA 2-10-2 MOE 393 400350 2811 2824 CCCTCACCCCCAAA 2-10-2 MOE 382 400351 2812 2825 ACCCTCACCCCCAA 2-10-2 MOE 383 400352 2813 2826 CACCCTCACCCCCA 2-10-2 MOE 384 400353 2814 2827 ACACCCTCACCCCC 2-10-2 MOE 385 400334 2966 2979 CTCAGGGAACCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 366 400332 3379 3392 CAGGGAACCAGGCC 2-10-2 MOE 364 400340 3448 3461 CTGGTCCTCAGGGA 2-10-2 MOE 372 400341 3449 3462 GCTGGTCCTCAGGG 2-10-2 MOE 373

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 695-710 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to nucleotides 695-710 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprise a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 329, 330, or 331. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 695-710 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from Isis NO. 400297, 400298, or 400299.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 742-770 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 742-770 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 332 or 333. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 742-770 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from Isis NO. 400300 or 400301.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 828-843 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 828-843 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 334, 335, or 336. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 828-843 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS No. 400302, 400303, or 400304.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 937-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 937-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, or 345. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 937-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from Isis NO. 400305, 400306, 400307, 400308, 400309, 400310, 400311, 400312, 400313, or 403739.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 937-965 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 937-965 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 337 or 338. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 937-965 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from Isis NO. 400305 or 400306.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 988-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 988-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, or 345. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 937-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from Isis NO. 400307, 400308, 400309, 400310, 400311, 400312, 4003313, or 403739.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1057-1160 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1057-1160 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, or 355. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1057-1160 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO. 400314, 400315, 400316, 400317, 400318, 400319, 400320, 400321, 400322, or 400323.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1057-1109 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1057-1109 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, or 354. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1057-1109 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO. 400314, 400315, 400316, 400317, 400318, 400319, 400320, 400321, or 400322.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1057-1091 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1057-1091 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 346, 347, 348, 349, or 350. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1057-1091 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO. 400314, 400315, 400316, 400317, or 400318.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1093-1109 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1093-1109 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 351, 352, 353, or 354. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1057-1109 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO. 400319, 400320, 400321, or 400322.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1334-1349 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1334-1349 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 357, 358, or 359. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1334-1349 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400325, 400326, or 400327.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1453-1469 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1453-1469 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 360, 361, 362, or 363. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1453-1469 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400328, 400329, 400330, 400331, or 403-470.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1569-1591 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1569-1591 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, or 373. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1569-1591 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400332, 400333, 400334, 400335, 400336, 400337, 400338, 400339, 400340, or 400341.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1621-1637 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1621-1637 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 374, 375, 376, or 377. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1621-1637 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400342, 400343, 400344, or 400345.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1738-1754 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1738-1754 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 378, 379, 380, or 381. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1738-1754 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400346, 400347, 400348, or 400349.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1834-1853 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1834-1853 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, or 388. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1834-1853 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400350, 400351, 400352, 400353, 400354, 400355, or 400356.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 2083-2099 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2083-2099 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 389, 390, 391, or 392. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2083-2099 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400357, 400358, 400359, or 400360.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 2316-2338 of SEQ ID NO: 4. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2316-2338 of SEQ ID NO: 4 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, or 402. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2316-2338 of SEQ ID NO: 4 is selected from ISIS NO 400361, 400362, 400363, 400364, 400365, 400366, 400367, 400368, 400369, or 400370.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)-0-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a PCSK9 nucleic acid may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a PCSK9 nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1, more preferably 1-10-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, and 1-9-2.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of PCSK9. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of PCSK9 using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PCSK9 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

4. Superoxide Dismutase 1 Enzyme (SOD1)

The enzymes known as the superoxide dismutases (SODs) provide defense against oxidative damage of biomolecules by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (Fridovich, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1995, 64, 97-112). Two major classes of superoxide dismutases exist. One consists of a group of enzymes with active sites containing copper and zinc while the other class has either manganese or iron at the active site (Fridovich, Annu. Rev. Biochem., 1995, 64, 97-112).

Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene are associated with a dominantly-inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease) a disorder characterized by a selective degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons (Cleveland and Liu, Nat. Med., 2000, 6, 1320-1321). The deleterious effects of various mutations on superoxide dismutase 1 are most likely mediated through a gain of toxic function rather than a loss of superoxide dismutase 1 activity, as the complete absence of superoxide dismutase 1 in mice neither diminishes life nor provokes overt disease (Al-Chalabi and Leigh, Curr. Opin. Neurol., 2000, 13, 397-405; Alisky and Davidson, Hum. Gene Ther., 2000, 11, 2315-2329).

Over 100 mutations of the human SOD1 gene have been identified, and altogether account for approximately 20% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. Some mutations, such as the A4V mutation most commonly found in the United States, are highly lethal and result in survival only nine months from the onset of disease symptoms. Other mutations of SOD1 manifest in a slower disease course.

Definitions

“SOD1” means the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound.

“SOD1 nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding SOD1. For example, in certain embodiments, a SOD1 nucleic acid includes, without limitations, a DNA sequence encoding SOD1, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding SOD1, and an mRNA sequence encoding SOD1.

“SOD1 mRNA” means an mRNA encoding SOD1.

SOD1 Therapeutic Indications

It has been discovered that antisense inhibition of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in an animal model of familial ALS reduces both SOD1 mRNA and protein, and further results in a slowing of disease progression and, importantly, increased survival time. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for the slowing of disease progression in an individual suffering from familial ALS by administering to such an individual a short antisense compound targeted to an SOD1 nucleic acid. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SOD1 are delivered directly to the cerebrospinal fluid of the individual. In certain such embodiments, methods further comprise increasing survival time of an individual suffering from familial ALS. Slowing of disease progression is indicated by an improvement in one or more indicators of ALS disease progression, including, without limitation, the revised ALS functional rating scale, pulmonary function tests, and muscle strength measurements.

SOD1 Combination Therapies

In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to an SOD1 nucleic acid is co-administered with one or more other pharmaceutical agents. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat the same disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat a different disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat an undesired effect of one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are co-administered with another pharmaceutical agent to treat an undesired effect of that other pharmaceutical agent. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at the same time. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at different times. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared together in a single formulation. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared separately.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a nicotinic acid. In certain such embodiments, the nicotinic acid is selected from immediate release nicotinic acid, extended release nicotinic acid, and sustained release nicotinic acid.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a fibric acid. In certain such embodiments, a fibric acid is selected from gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and ciprofibrate.

Further examples of pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to SOD1 include, but are not limited to, corticosteroids, including but not limited to prednisone; immunoglobulins, including, but not limited to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg); analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen); anti-inflammatory agents, including, but not limited to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, COX-1 inhibitors, and COX-2, inhibitors); salicylates; antibiotics; antivirals; antifungal agents; antidiabetic agents (e.g., biguanides, glucosidase inhibitors, insulins, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidenediones); adrenergic modifiers; diuretics; hormones (e.g., anabolic steroids, androgen, estrogen, calcitonin, progestin, somatostan, and thyroid hormones); immunomodulators; muscle relaxants; antihistamines; osteoporosis agents (e.g., biphosphonates, calcitonin, and estrogens); prostaglandins, antineoplastic agents; psychotherapeutic agents; sedatives; poison oak or poison sumac products; antibodies; and vaccines.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a SOD1 Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NM_X02317.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 5. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 5 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 5 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 5 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 5 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Table 8 or Table 9.

The nucleotide sequence set forth in each SEQ ID NO in Tables 8 and 9 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds defined by a SEQ ID NO may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Short antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Table 8 illustrates examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 5. Table 8 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a SOD1 nucleic acid may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a SOD1 nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1, more preferably 1-10-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, and 1-9-2.

TABLE 8 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 5 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Gapmer ID NO. Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Motif NO 387541 85 100 GTCGCCCTTCAGCACG 3-10-3 MOE 406 387540 86 99 TCGCCCTTCAGCAC 2-10-2 MOE 407 387539 87 98 CGCCCTTCAGCA 1-10-1 MOE 408

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 85-100 of SEQ ID NO: 5. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to nucleotides 85-100 of SEQ ID NO: 5 comprise a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 406, 407, or 408. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 85-100 of SEQ ID NO: 5 is selected from Isis No. 387541, 387540, or 387539.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)-0-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of SOD1. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of SOD1 using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of SOD1 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a SOD1 nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

5. CRP

CRP (also known as C-reactive protein and PTX1) is an essential human acute-phase reactant produced in the liver in response to a variety of inflammatory cytokines. The protein, first identified in 1930, is highly conserved and considered to be an early indicator of infectious or inflammatory conditions. Plasma CRP levels increase 1,000-fold in response to infection, ischemia, trauma, burns, and inflammatory conditions. In clinical trials where patients receive lipid-lowering therapy, such as statin therapy, it has been demonstrated that patients having reductions in both LDL-C and CRP have a reduced risk of future coronary events relative to patients experiencing only reductions in LDL-C.

Definitions

“CRP” means the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by a short antisense compound.

“CRP nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding CRP. For example, in certain embodiments, a CRP nucleic acid includes, without limitations, a DNA sequence encoding CRP, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding CRP, and an mRNA sequence encoding CRP.

“CRP mRNA” means an mRNA encoding CRP.

CRP Therapeutic Indications

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating CRP expression in an individual comprising administering to the individual a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of treating an individual comprising administering one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, the individual has hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease. In certain embodiments, the individual has acute coronary syndrome, vascular injury, arterial occlusion, unstable angina, post peripheral vascular disease, post myocardial infarction (MI), thrombosis, deep vein thrombus, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), chronic renal failure, complement activation, congestive heart failure, or systemic vasculitis. In certain embodiments, the individual has had a stroke.

In certain embodiments, the individual has undergone a procedure selected from elective stent placement, angioplasty, post percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA), cardiac transplantation, renal dialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass.

In certain embodiments, the individual has an inflammatory disease. In certain such embodiments, the inflammatory disease is selected from inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteoarthritis.

Guidelines for lipid-lowering therapy were established in 2001 by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and updated in 2004 (Grundy et al., Circulation, 2004, 110, 227-239). The guidelines include obtaining a complete lipoprotein profile, typically after a 9 to 12 hour fast, for determination of LDL-C, total cholesterol, and HDL-C levels. According to the most recently established guidelines, LDL-C levels of 130-159 mg/dL, 160-189 mg/dL, and greater than or equal to 190 mg/dL are considered borderline high, high, and very high, respectively. Total cholesterol levels of 200-239 and greater than or equal to 240 mg/dL are considered borderline high and high, respectively. HDL-C levels of less than 40 mg/dL are considered low.

In certain embodiments, the individual has been identified as in need of lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, the individual has been identified as in need of lipid-lowering therapy according to the guidelines established in 2001 by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), and updated in 2004 (Grundy et al., Circulation, 2004, 110, 227-239). In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 190 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 160 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments, the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 130 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy has LDL-C above 100 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 160 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 130 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual in need of lipid-lowering therapy should maintain LDL-C below 100 mg/dL. In certain such embodiments the individual should maintain LDL-C below 70 mg/dL.

In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing CRP in an individual. In certain such embodiments, the reduction in CRP is at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, and at least 100%.

In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not lower HDL-C. In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not result in accumulation of lipids in the liver. In certain embodiments, the methods provided by the present invention do not cause hepatic steatosis.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for lowering CRP concentration in a subject while reducing side effects associated with treatment. In certain such embodiments, a side effect is liver toxicity. In certain such embodiments, a side effect is abnormal liver function. In certain such embodiments, a side effect is elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In certain such embodiments, a side effect is elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST).

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for lowering CRP concentration in a subject who is not reaching target LDL-C levels as a result of lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is the only pharmaceutical agent administered to the subject. In certain such embodiments, the subject has not complied with recommended lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the invention is co-administered with an additional different lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, an additional lipid-lowering therapy is LDL-apheresis. In certain such embodiments, an additional lipid-lowering therapy is a statin. In certain such embodiments, an additional lipid-lowering therapy is ezetimibe.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for lowering CRP concentration in a statin-intolerant subject. In certain such embodiments, the subject has creatine kinase concentration increases as a result of statin administration. In certain such embodiments, the subject has liver function abnormalities as a result of statin administration. In certain such embodiments the subject has muscle aches as a result of statin administration. In certain such embodiments the subject has central nervous system side effects as a result of statin administration. In certain embodiments, the subject has not complied with recommended statin administration.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for reducing coronary heart disease risk in a subject. In certain embodiments the invention provides methods for slowing the progression of atherosclerosis in a subject. In certain such embodiments the invention provides methods for stopping the progression of atherosclerosis in a subject. In certain such embodiments the invention provides methods for reducing the size and/or prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques in a subject. In certain embodiments the methods provided reduce a subject's risk of developing atherosclerosis.

In certain embodiments the methods provided improve the cardiovascular outcome in a subject. In certain such embodiments improved cardiovascular outcome is the reduction of the risk of developing coronary heart disease. In certain such embodiments, improved cardiovascular outcome is a reduction in the occurance of one or more major cardiovascular events, which include, but are not limited to, death, myocardial infarction, reinfarction, stroke, cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, and atrial dysrhythmia. In certain such embodiments, the improved cardiovascular outcome is evidenced by improved carotid intimal media thickness. In certain such embodiments, improved carotid intimal media thickness is a decrease in thickness. In certain such embodiments, improved carotid intimal media thickness is a prevention an increase of intimal media thickness.

In certain embodiments a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is for use in therapy. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the reduction of CRP in an individual. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, or early onset coronary heart disease. In additional embodiments, the therapy is the reduction of CHD risk. In certain the therapy is prevention of atherosclerosis. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the prevention of coronary heart disease. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of acute coronary syndrome, chronic renal failure, vascular injury, arterial occlusion, atherothrombosis, unstable angina, post peripheral vascular disease, post myocardial infarction (MI), thrombosis, deep vein thrombus, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), complement activation, congestive heart failure, or systemic vasculitis. In certain embodiments the therapy is the treatment of an individual who has undergone a procedure selected from elective stent placement, angioplasty, post percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA), cardiac transplantation, renal dialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass. In certain embodiments, the therapy is the treatment of an inflammatory disorder.

In certain embodiments a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for reducing CRP in an individual. In certain embodiments pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for reducing coronary heart disease risk. In certain embodiments a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, non-familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, a risk of developing atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, a history of coronary heart disease, early onset coronary heart disease, or one or more risk factors for coronary heart disease.

In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome, chronic renal failure, vascular injury, arterial occlusion, atherothrombosis, unstable angina, post peripheral vascular disease, post myocardial infarction (MI), thrombosis, deep vein thrombus, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), complement activation, congestive heart failure, or systemic vasculitis. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of an individual who has had a stroke.

In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment in an individual who has undergone a procedure selected from elective stent placement, angioplasty, post percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA), cardiac transplantation, renal dialysis or cardiopulmonary bypass.

In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of an inflammatory disease. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is used for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteoarthritis.

CRP Combination Therapies

In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are co-administered with one or more other pharmaceutical agents. In certain embodiments, the one or more other pharmaceutical agents is a lipid-lowering agent. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat the same disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat a different disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat an undesired effect of one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are co-administered with another pharmaceutical agent to treat an undesired effect of that other pharmaceutical agent. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at the same time. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at different times. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared together in a single formulation. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared separately.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid include lipid-lowering agents. In certain such embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered prior to administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered following administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the lipid-lowering agent is administered at the same time as a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is the same as the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is lower than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is greater than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is a statin. In certain such embodiments the statin is selected from atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and rosuvastatin.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is ISIS 301012.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments, cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ezetimibe.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a co-formulated HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the co-formulated lipid-lowering agent is ezetimibe/simvastatin.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor (MTP inhibitor).

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a bile acid sequestrant. In certain such embodiments, the bile acid sequestrant is selected from cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a nicotinic acid. In certain such embodiments, the nicotinic acid is selected from immediate release nicotinic acid, extended release nicotinic acid, and sustained release nicotinic acid.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a fibric acid. In certain such embodiments, a fibric acid is selected from gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and ciprofibrate.

Further examples of pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid include, but are not limited to, corticosteroids, including but not limited to prednisone; immunoglobulins, including, but not limited to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg); analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen); anti-inflammatory agents, including, but not limited to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, COX-1 inhibitors, and COX-2, inhibitors); salicylates; antibiotics; antivirals; antifungal agents; antidiabetic agents (e.g., biguanides, glucosidase inhibitors, insulins, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidenediones); adrenergic modifiers; diuretics; hormones (e.g., anabolic steroids, androgen, estrogen, calcitonin, progestin, somatostan, and thyroid hormones); immunomodulators; muscle relaxants; antihistamines; osteoporosis agents (e.g., biphosphonates, calcitonin, and estrogens); prostaglandins, antineoplastic agents; psychotherapeutic agents; sedatives; poison oak or poison sumac products; antibodies; and vaccines.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid may be administered in conjuction with a lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is therapeutic lifestyle change. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is LDL apheresis.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a CRP Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a CRP nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NM_(—)000567.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 6. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 6 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 6 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 6 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 6 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Table 9.

The nucleotide sequence set forth in each SEQ ID NO in Table 9 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds defined by a SEQ ID NO may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Short antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Table 9 illustrates examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 6. Table 9 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a CRP nucleic acid may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a CRP nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1, more preferably 1-10-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, and 1-9-2.

TABLE 9 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 6 5′ 3′ Seq ISIS Target Target Gapmer ID NO. Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Motif NO 353506 1257 1272 ACTCTGGACCCAAACC 3-10-3 MOE 409 353507 1258 1271 CTCTGGACCCAAAC 2-10-2 MOE 410 353484 1305 1320 CCATTTCAGGAGACCT 3-10-3 MOE 411 353485 1306 1319 CATTTCAGGAGACC 2-10-2 MOE 412

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1305-1320 of NM_(—)000567.1. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to nucleotides 1305-1320 of NM_(—)000567.1 comprise a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1305 or 1306. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 263-278 of NM_(—)000567.1 is selected from Isis NO. 353484 or 353485.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1257-1272 of NM_(—)000567.1. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1257-1272 of NM_(—)000567.1 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 1257 or 1258. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 428-483 of NM_(—)000567.1 is selected from Isis NO. 353506 or 353507.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of CRP. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of CRP using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a CRP nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of CRP comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a CRP nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

6. Glucocorticoid Receptor (GCCR)

Glucocorticoids were among the first steroid hormones to be identified and are responsible for a multitude of physiological functions, including the stimulation of gluconeogenesis, decreased glucose uptake and utilization in peripheral tissues, increased glycogen deposition, suppression of immune and inflammatory responses, inhibition of cytokine synthesis and acceleration of various developmental events. Glucocorticoids are also especially important for combating stress. Stress-induced elevation of glucocorticoid synthesis and release leads to, among other responses, increased ventricular workload, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, inhibition of cytokine synthesis and increased glucose production (Karin, Cell, 1998, 93, 487-490).

Both natural glucocorticoids and their synthetic derivatives exert their action through the glucocorticoid receptor, a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic member of the nuclear hormone superfamily of receptors. Human glucocorticoid receptor is also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1; NR3C1; GCCR; GCR; GRL; Glucocorticoid receptor, lymphocyte. The gene is located on human chromosome 5q11-q13 and consists of 9 exons (Encio and Detera-Wadleigh, J Biol Chem, 1991, 266, 7182-7188; Gehring et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1985, 82, 3751-3755). Multiple forms of human glucocorticoid receptor mRNA exist: a 5.5 kb human glucocorticoid receptor a cDNA containing exons 1-8 and exon 9α; a 4.3 kb human glucocorticoid receptor β cDNA containing exons 1-8 and exon 90; and a 7.0 kb human glucocorticoid receptor a cDNA containing exons 1-8 and the entire exon 9, which includes exon 9α, exon 9β and the ‘J region’, which is flanked by exons 9α and 9β (Hollenberg et al., Nature, 1985, 318, 635-641; Oakley et al., J Biol Chem, 1996, 271, 9550-9559). Human glucocorticoid receptor a is the predominant isoform of the receptor and the one that exhibits steroid binding activity (Hollenberg et al., Nature, 1985, 318, 635-641). Additionally, through usage of three different promoters three different exon 1 variants can be transcribed, and alternative splicing of one exon 1 variant can result in three different versions of this exon. Thus, human glucocorticoid receptor mRNA may contain 5 different versions of exon 1 (Breslin et al., Mol Endocrinol, 2001, 15, 1381-1395).

Examination of the expression patterns of the α and β isoforms of human glucocorticoid receptor mRNA reveals that the a isoform is more abundantly expressed. Both isoforms are expressed in similar tissues and cell types, including lung, kidney, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, macrophages, neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Only human glucocorticoid receptor a is expressed in colon. At the level of protein, while the α isoform is detected in all tissues examined, the β isoform is undetectable, suggesting that under physiological conditions, the default splicing pathway is the one that produces the α isoform (Pujols et al., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 2002, 283, C1324-1331). The β isoform of glucocorticoid receptor binds neither a glucocorticoid agonist nor an antagonist. Furthermore, the β isoform is localized primarily in the nucleus in transfected cells, independent of hormone stimulation. When both isoforms are expressed in the same cell, the glucocorticoid receptor β inhibits the hormone-induced, glucocorticoid receptor α-mediated stimulation of gene expression, suggesting that the β isoform functions as an inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor α activity (Oakley et al., J Biol Chem, 1996, 271, 9550-9559). Unless otherwise noted, the human glucocorticoid receptor described herein is defined as the ubiquitous product(s) of the gene located on chromosome 5q11-q13.

Cell lines transfected with a complementary glucocorticoid receptor antisense RNA strand exhibited a reduction in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels and a decreased response to the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (Pepin and Barden, Mol Cell Biol, 1991, 11, 1647-1653). Transgenic mice bearing an antisense glucocorticoid receptor gene construct were used to study the glucocorticoid feedback effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (Pepin et al., Nature, 1992, 355, 725-728). In another study of similarly genetically engineered mice, energy intake and expenditure, heart and vastus lateralis muscle lipoprotein lipase activity, and heart and brown adipose tissue norepinephrine were lower than in control animals. Conversely, fat content and total body energy were significantly higher than in control animals. These results suggest that a defective glucocorticoid receptor system may affect energy balance through increasing energetic efficiency, and they emphasize the modulatory effects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis changes on muscle lipoprotein lipase activity (Richard et al., Am J Physiol, 1993, 265, R146-150).

Behavorial effects of glucocorticoid receptor antagonists have been measured in animal models designed to assess anxiety, learning and memory. Reduced expression of glucocorticoid receptor in rats long-term intracerebroventricularly infused with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting glucocorticoid receptor mRNA did not interfere with spatial navigation in the Morris water maze test (Engelmann et al., Eur J Pharmacol, 1998, 361, 17-26). Bilateral infusion of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting the glucocorticoid receptor mRNA into the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus reduced the immobility of rats in the Porsolt forced swim test (Korte et al., Eur J Pharmacol, 1996, 301, 19-25).

Glucocorticoids are frequently used for their immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of diseases such as allergies, athsma, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, systemic lupus erythematosus and degenerative osteoarthritis. Negative regulation of gene expression, such as that caused by the interaction of glucocorticoid receptor with NF-kB, is proposed to be at least partly responsible for the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids in vivo. Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 are the three cytokines that account for most of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stimulation during the stress of inflammation. The HPA axis and the systemic sympathetic and adrenomedullary system are the peripheral components of the stress system, responsible for maintaining basal and stress-related homeostasis. Glucocorticoids, the end products of the HPA axis, inhibit the production of all three inflammatory cytokines and also inhibit their effects on target tissues, with the exception of interleukin-6, which acts synergistically with glucocorticoids to stimulate the production of acute-phase reactants. Glucocorticoid treatment decreases the activity of the HPA axis (Chrousos, N Engl J Med, 1995, 332, 1351-1362).

In some cases, patients are refractory to glucocorticoid treatment. One reason for this resistance to steroids lies with mutations or polymorphisms present in the glucocorticoid receptor gene. A total of 15 missense, three nonsense, three frameshift, one splice site, and two alternative spliced mutations, as well as 16 polymorphisms, have been reported in the NR3C1 gene in association with glucocorticoid resistance (Bray and Cotton, Hum Mutat, 2003, 21, 557-568). Additional studies in humans have suggested a positive association between metabolic syndrome incidence and progression, with alleles at the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene (Rosmond, Obes Res, 2002, 10, 1078-1086).

Other cases of glucocorticoid insensitivity are associated with altered expression of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms. A study of human glucocorticoid receptor β isoform mRNA expression in glucocorticoid-resistant ulcerative colitis patients revealed the presence of this mRNA was significantly higher than in the glucocorticoid-sensitive patients, suggesting that the expression of human glucocorticoid receptor β mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells may serve as a predictor of glucocorticoid response in ulcerative colitis (Honda et al., Gastroenterology, 2000, 118, 859-866). Increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor β is also observed in a significantly high number of glucocorticoid-insensitive asthmatics. Additionally, cytokine-induced abnormalities in the DNA binding capacity of the glucocorticoid receptor were found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from glucocorticoid-insensitive patients transfection, and HepG2 cells with the glucocorticoid receptor, gene resulted in a significant reduction of glucocorticoid receptor a DNA-binding capacity (Leung et al., J Exp Med, 1997, 186, 1567-1574). Dexamethasone binding studies demonstrate that human glucocorticoid receptor P does not alter the affinity of glucocorticoid receptor a for hormonal ligands, but rather its ability to bind to the GRE (Bamberger et al., J Clin Invest, 1995, 95, 2435-2441). Taken together, these results illustrate that glucocorticoid receptor β through competition with glucocorticoid receptor a for GRE target sites, may function as a physiologically and pathophysiologically relevant endogenous inhibitor of glucocorticoid action.

In the liver, glucocorticoid agonists increase hepatic glucose production by activating the glucocorticoid receptor, which subsequently leads to increased expression of the gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase. Through gluconeogenesis, glucose is formed through non-hexose precursors, such as lactate, pyruvate and alanine (Link, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 2003, 4, 421-429). Steroidal glucocorticoid receptor antagonists such as RU 486 have been tested in rodent models of diabetes. Mice deficient in the leptin receptor gene, termed db/db mice, are genetically obese, diabetic and hyperinsulinemic. Treatment of hyperglycemic db/db mice with RU 486 decreased blood glucose levels by approximately 49%, without affecting plasma insulin levels. Additionally, RU 486 treatment reduced the expression of glucocorticoid receptor responsive genes PEPCK, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose transporter type 2 and tyrosine aminotransferase in db/db mice as compared to untreated animals (Friedman et al., J Biol Chem, 1997, 272, 31475-31481). RU 486 also ameliorates diabetes in the ob/ob mouse model of diabetes, obesity and hyperinsulinemia, through a reduction in serum insulin and blood glucose levels (Gettys et al., Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 1997, 21, 865-873).

As increased gluconeogenesis is considered to be the major source of increased glucose production in diabetes, a number of therapeutic targets for the inhibition of hepatic glucose production have been investigated. Due to the ability of antagonists of the glucocorticoid receptor to ameliorate diabetes in animal models, such compounds are among the potential therapies being explored. However, there are detrimental systemic effects of glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, including activation of the HPA axis (Link, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 2003, 4, 421-429). Increased HPA axis activity is associated with suppression of immune-related inflammatory action, which can increase susceptibility to infectious agents and neoplasms. Conditions associated with suppression of immune-mediated inflammation through defects in the HPA axis, or its target tissues, include Cushing's syndrome, chronic stress, chronic alcoholism and melancholic depression (Chrousos, N Engl J Med, 1995, 332, 1351-1362). Thus, it is of great value to develop liver-specific glucocorticoid receptor antagonists. Steroidal glucocorticoid receptor antagonists have been conjugated to bile acids for the purpose of targeting them to the liver (Apelqvist et al., 2000). Currently, there are no known therapeutic agents that target the glucocorticoid receptor without undesired peripheral effects (Link, Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 2003, 4, 421-429). Consequently, there remains a long felt need for agents capable of effectively inhibiting hepatic glucocorticoid receptor.

Definitions

“Glucocorticoid receptor” is the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound. Glucocorticoid receptor is generally referred to as GCCR.

“GCCR nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding GCCR. For example, in certain embodiments, a GCCR nucleic acid includes, without limitation, a DNA sequence encoding GCCR, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding GCCR, and an mRNA sequence encoding GCCR. “GCCR mRNA” means an mRNA encoding GCCR.

Therapeutic Indications

Antisense technology is an effective means of reducing the expression of specific gene products and therefore is useful in a number of therapeutic, diagnostic and research applications for the modulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, liver is one of the tissues in which the highest concentrations of antisense oligonucleotides are found following administration (Geary et al., Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2001, 2, 562-573). Therefore, in such embodiments, antisense technology represents an attractive method for the liver-specific inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding glucocorticoid receptor are preferentially distributed to the liver. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have increased potency in the liver when compared to a longer parent compound. In certain embodiments, target RNA is predominantly expressed in the liver.

For therapeutics, a subject, suspected of having a disease or disorder which can be treated by modulating the expression of GCCR is treated by administering one or more short antisense compound. In a non-limiting example, the methods comprise the step of administering to an animal a therapeutically effective amount of a short antisense compound. Certain short antisense compounds inhibit the activity of GCCR and/or inhibit expression of GCCR. In certain embodiments, the activity or expression of GCCR in a subject is inhibited by at least 10%, by at least 20%, by at least 25%, by at least 30%, by at least 40%, by at least 50%, by at least 60%, by at least 70%, by at least 75%, by at least 80%, by at least 85%, by at least 90%, by at least 95%, by at least 98%, by at least 99%, or by 100%. In certain embodiments, the activity or expression of GCCR in a subject is inhibited by at least 30%. In certain embodiments, the activity or expression of GCCR in a subject is inhibited by at least 50% or more.

The reduction of the expression of GCCR may be measured, for example, in blood, plasma, serum, adipose tissue, liver or any other body fluid, tissue or organ of the animal. In certain embodiments, cells contained within such fluids, tissues or organs being analyzed comprise nucleic acids encoding GCCR and/or they contain the GCCR protein itself.

Certain pharmaceutical and other compositions comprising short antisense compounds are also provided. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are be utilized in pharmaceutical compositions by adding to them an effective amount of a compound to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a GCCR nucleic acid have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a GCCR nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a GCCR nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-10-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, and 1-9-2. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a GCCR nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1, more preferably 2-10-2 and 2-8-2.

In certain embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating an individual by administering one or more short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such compound. Further provided are methods of treating a subject having a disease or conditions associated with GCCR activity by administering a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid. In addition to diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, diseases and conditions associated with GCCR include but are not limited to, obesity, Metabolic syndrome X, Cushing's Syndrome, Addison's disease, inflammatory diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and arthritis, allergy, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency, anorexia, cachexia, bone loss or bone frailty, and wound healing. Metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome X or simply Syndrome X refers to a cluster of risk factors that include obesity, dyslipidemia, particularly high blood triglycerides, glucose intolerance, high blood sugar and high blood pressure. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to GCCR are used for amelioration of hyperglycemia induced by systemic steroid therapy. Moreover, antisense technology provides a means of inhibiting the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor β isoform, demonstrated to be overexpressed in patients refractory to glucocorticoid treatment.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides short antisense compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding GCGR, and which modulate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor. Pharmaceutical and other compositions comprising the compounds of the invention are also provided. Further provided are methods of screening for modulators of glucocorticoid receptor and methods of modulating the expression of glucocorticoid receptor in cells, tissues or animals comprising contacting said cells, tissues or animals with one or more of the compounds or compositions of the invention. Methods of treating an animal, particularly a human, suspected of having or being prone to a disease or condition associated with expression of glucocorticoid receptor are also set forth herein. Such methods comprise administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of one or more of the compounds or compositions of the invention to the person in need of treatment.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a GCCR Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid having the sequence of nucleotides 1 to 106000 of GENBANK®V Accession No. AC012634, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 8 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 8 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 8 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 8 includes a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Tables 10 and 11.

The nucleotide sequence set forth in each SEQ ID NO in Tables 10 and 11 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds defined by a SEQ ID NO may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Short antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise a gapmer motif. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprises a 2-10-2 gapmer motif.

Tables 10 and 11 illustrate examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 8. Table 10 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8. Table 11 illustrates short antisense compounds that have one or two mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 8. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

TABLE 10 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 8 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer ID NO. Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 371644 88142 88155 TTTGGGAGGTGGTC 2-10-2 MOE 413 371645 88156 88169 CACACCAGGCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 414 371649 88212 88225 CTTTACAGCTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 415 371651 88242 88255 CACTACCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 416 371652 88248 88261 AACACACACTACCT 2-10-2 MOE 417 371653 88256 88269 CTCTTCAAAACACA 2-10-2 MOE 418 371665 92037 92050 GTAATTGTGCTGTC 2-10-2 MOE 419 371669 92086 92099 TTTTTCTTCGAATT 2-10-2 MOE 420 371671 92114 92127 CATTTTCGATAGCG 2-10-2 MOE 421 371673 92142 92155 ACCTTCCAGGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 422

TABLE 11 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 8 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Gapmer ID NO Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Motif NO 371638 2039 2052 ATAGGAAGCATAAA 2-10-2 MOE 423 371650 4949 4962 TCTTTTAAAGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 424 371673 10187 10200 ACCTTCCAGGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 422 371660 13465 13478 AAGGATATTTTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 425 371660 14428 14441 AAGGATATTTTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 425 371654 15486 15499 GAACAAAAATTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 427 371661 16638 16651 TTCCACAGATCTGT 2-10-2 MOE 428 371653 17892 17905 CTCTTCAAAACACA 2-10-2 MOE 418 371679 18444 18457 TTTATAAAGTAAAG 2-10-2 MOE 429 371645 19816 19829 CACACCAGGCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 414 371638 21555 21568 ATAGGAAGCATAAA 2-10-2 MOE 423 371650 21775 21788 TCTTTTAAAGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 424 371679 21902 21915 TTTATAAAGTAAAG 2-10-2 MOE 429 371655 22507 22520 TACTGTGAGAAATA 2-10-2 MOE 433 371655 22722 22735 TACTGTGAGAAATA 2-10-2 MOE 433 371672 25662 25675 TTCCAGCTTGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 435 371678 25926 25939 GATCAGTTCTCATG 2-10-2 MOE 436 371655 26041 26054 TACTGTGAGAAATA 2-10-2 MOE 433 371638 29770 29783 ATAGGAAGCATAAA 2-10-2 MOE 423 371668 30551 30564 TTATCAATGATGCA 2-10-2 MOE 439 371670 40584 40597 GCATGCTGGACAGT 2-10-2 MOE 440 371654 43331 43344 GAACAAAAATTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 427 371650 46024 46037 TCTTTTAAAGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 424 371659 50372 50385 TTGCACCTGAACTA 2-10-2 MOE 443 371634 50565 50578 CAGAATATATTTCT 2-10-2 MOE 444 371673 56942 56955 ACCTTCCAGGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 422 371654 62372 62385 GAACAAAAATTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 427 371679 63537 63550 TTTATAAAGTAAAG 2-10-2 MOE 429 371654 64908 64921 GAACAAAAATTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 427 371661 65795 65808 TTCCACAGATCTGT 2-10-2 MOE 428 371645 70997 71010 CACACCAGGCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 414 371661 77400 77413 TTCCACAGATCTGT 2-10-2 MOE 428 371663 82329 82342 ATAAGAGATTAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 450 371633 83426 83439 TCCCCCTTCTCATT 2-10-2 MOE 451 371662 85873 85886 GGGCATTGTTAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 452 371654 86476 86489 GAACAAAAATTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 427 371679 86516 86529 TTTATAAAGTAAAG 2-10-2 MOE 429 371641 88097 88110 AGAACTCACATCTG 2-10-2 MOE 455 371642 88111 88124 GAGCTGGACGGAGG 2-10-2 MOE 456 371646 88170 88183 AAGCTTCATCGGAG 2-10-2 MOE 457 371647 88184 88197 ATAATGGCATCCCG 2-10-2 MOE 458 371650 88226 88239 TCTTTTAAAGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 424 371673 91493 91506 ACCTTCCAGGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 422 371664 92030 92043 TGCTGTCCTATAAG 2-10-2 MOE 460 371666 92044 92057 CACAAAGGTAATTG 2-10-2 MOE 461 371667 92058 92071 ATCATTTCTTCCAG 2-10-2 MOE 462 371668 92072 92085 TTATCAATGATGCA 2-10-2 MOE 463 371670 92100 92113 GCATGCTGGACAGT 2-10-2 MOE 440 371672 92128 92141 TTCCAGCTTGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 435 371674 92147 92160 CCATTACCTTCCAG 2-10-2 MOE 466 371637 92983 92996 GCATAAACAGGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 467 371654 93928 93941 GAACAAAAATTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 427 371641 99772 99785 AGAACTCACATCTG 2-10-2 MOE 455 371679 99883 99896 TTTATAAAGTAAAG 2-10-2 MOE 429 371660 99933 99946 AAGGATATTTTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 425 371635 105004 105017 TATGAAAGGAATGT 2-10-2 MOE 472 371654 105028 105041 GAACAAAAATTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 427 371676 106482 106495 TTCCTTAAGCTTCC 2-10-2 MOE 474 371650 107838 107851 TCTTTTAAAGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 424 371673 110922 110935 ACCTTCCAGGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 422 371673 111580 111593 ACCTTCCAGGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 422 371634 114608 114621 CAGAATATATTTCT 2-10-2 MOE 444 371638 115040 115053 ATAGGAAGCATAAA 2-10-2 MOE 423 371660 116244 116257 AAGGATATTTTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 425 371663 116657 116670 ATAAGAGATTAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 450 371673 118068 118081 ACCTTCCAGGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 422 371666 118834 118847 CACAAAGGTAATTG 2-10-2 MOE 461 371660 119858 119871 AAGGATATTTTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 425 371660 120210 120223 AAGGATATTTTAAA 2-10-2 MOE 425 371662 120876 120889 GGGCATTGTTAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 452 371655 124004 124017 TACTGTGAGAAATA 2-10-2 MOE 433 371656 124170 124183 GAACAGTTAAACAT 2-10-2 MOE 485

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 88142-88269 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 88142-88269 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 88142-88269 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, or 418. In certain such embodiments, an antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 88142-88269 of SEQ ID NO: 8 is selected from Isis NO. 371644, 371645, 371649, 371651, 371652, or 371653.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 88142-88169 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 88142-88169 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 88142-88169 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 413 or 414. In certain such embodiments, an antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 88142-88169 of SEQ ID NO: 8 is selected from Isis NO. 371644 or 371645.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 88242-88269 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 88242-88269 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 88242-88269 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 416, 417, or 418. In certain such embodiments, an antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 88242-88269 of SEQ ID NO: 8 is selected from Isis NO. 371651, 371652, or 371653.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 92037-92155 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 92037-92155 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 92037-92155 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 419, 420, 421, or 422. In certain such embodiments, an antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 92037-92155 of SEQ ID NO: 8 is selected from Isis NO. 371665, 371669, 371671, or 171673.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 92114-92155 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 92114-92155 of SEQ ID NO: 8. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 92114-92155 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 421 or 422. In certain such embodiments, an antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 92114-92155 of SEQ ID NO: 8 is selected from Isis NO. 371671 or 171673.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)-O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of GCCR. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of GCCR using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCCR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

7. Glucagon Receptor (GCGR)

The maintenance of normal glycemia is a carefully regulated metabolic event. Glucagon, the 29-amino acid peptide responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels in the postabsorbative state, increases glucose release from the liver by activating hepatic glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, stimulating lipolysis in adipose tissue, and stimulating insulin secretion. During high blood glucose levels, insulin reverses the glucagon-mediated enhancement of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. In patients with diabetes, insulin is either not available or not fully effective. While treatment for diabetes has traditionally focused on increasing insulin levels, antagonism of glucagon function has been considered as an alternative therapy. As glucagon exerts its physiological effects by signaling through the glucagon receptor, the glucagon receptor has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes (Madsen et al., Curr. Pharm. Des., 1999, 5, 683-691).

Glucagon receptor is belongs to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors having seven transmembrane domains. It is also a member of the smaller sub-family of homologous receptors which bind peptides that are structurally similar to glucagon. The gene encoding human glucagon receptor was cloned in 1994 and analysis of the genomic sequence revealed multiple introns and an 82% identity to the rat glucagon receptor gene (Lok et al., Gene, 1994, 140, 203-209; MacNeil et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1994, 198, 328-334). Cloning of the rat glucagon receptor gene also led to the description of multiple alternative splice variants (Maget et al., FEBS Lett., 1994, 351, 271-275). The human glucagon receptor gene is localized to chromosome 17q25 (Menzel et al., Genomics, 1994, 20, 327-328). A missense mutation of Gly to Ser at codon 40 in the glucagon receptor gene leads to a 3-fold lower affinity for glucagon (Fujisawa et al., Diabetologia, 1995, 38, 983-985) and this mutation has been linked to several disease states, including non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Fujisawa et al., Diabetologia, 1995, 38, 983-985), hypertension (Chambers and Morris, Nat. Genet., 1996, 12, 122), and central adiposity (Siani et al., Obes. Res., 2001, 9, 722-726).

Definitions

“Glucagon receptor” is the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound. Glucagon receptor is generally referred to as GCGR but may also be referred to as GR, GGR, MGC138246, MGC93090.

“GCGR nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding GCGR. For example, in certain embodiments, a GCGR nucleic acid includes, without limitation, a GCGR sequence encoding GCGR, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding GCGR, and an mRNA sequence encoding GCGR. “GCGR mRNA” means an mRNA encoding a GCGR protein.

Therapeutic Indications

Antisense technology is an effective means for reducing glucagon receptor (GCGR) expression and has proven to be uniquely useful in a number of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. As such, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides short antisense compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding glucagon receptor, and which modulate the expression of glucagon receptor. Further provided herein are short antisense compounds capable of inhibiting GCGR expression. Also provided herein are methods of treating an individual comprising administering one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, because short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid inhibit GCGR expression, provided herein are methods of treating a subject having a disease or condition associated with GCGR activity by administering one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid. For example, provided herein are methods of treating a subject having high blood glucose, hyperglycemia, prediabetes, diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and/or insulin resistance.

Also contemplated herein are pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more short antisense compounds targeted to GCGR and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, enhancer or excipient. Certain compounds of the invention can also be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases and disorders related to glucagon effects mediated by GCGR.

Certain embodiments of the present invention include methods of reducing the expression of GCGR in tissues or cells comprising contacting said cells or tissues with a short antisense compound targeted to a nucleic acid encoding GCGRor pharmaceutical composition comprising such a short antisense compound. In certain such embodiments, the invention provides methods of decreasing blood glucose levels, blood triglyceride levels, or blood cholesterol levels in a subject comprising administering to the subject a short antisense compound or a pharmaceutical composition. Blood levels may be plasma levels or serum levels. Also contemplated are methods of improving insulin sensitivity, methods of increasing GLP-1 levels and methods of inhibiting hepatic glucose output in an animal comprising administering to said animal an antisense oligonucleotide or a pharmaceutical composition of the invention. An improvement in insulin sensitivity may be indicated by a reduction in circulating insulin levels.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of treating a subject having a disease or condition associated with glucagon activity via GCGR comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a short antisense compound or a pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, such disease or condition may be a metabolic disease or condition. In certain embodiments, the metabolic disease or condition is diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome X, obesity, primary hyperglucagonemia, insulin deficiency, or insulin resistance. In some embodiments, the diabetes is Type 2 diabetes. In some embodiments the obesity is diet-induced. In some embodiments, hyperlipidemia is associated with elevated blood lipid levels. Lipids include cholesterol and triglycerides. In one embodiment, the condition is liver steatosis. In some embodiments, the steatosis is steatohepatitis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of preventing or delaying the onset of elevated blood glucose levels in an animal as well as methods of preserving beta-cell function in an animal using the oligomeric compounds delineated herein.

Certain short antisense compounds targeted to GCGR can be used to modulate the expression of GCGR in a subject in need thereof, such as an animal, including, but not limited to, a human In certain embodiments, such methods comprise the step of administering to said animal an effective amount of a short antisense compound that reduces expression of GCGR RNA. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds effectively reduce the levels or function of GCGR RNA. Because reduction in GCGR mRNA levels can lead to alteration in GCGR protein products of expression as well, such resultant alterations can also be measured. Certain antisense compounds that effectively reduce the levels or function of GCGR RNA or protein products of expression is considered an active antisense compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds reduce the expression of GCGR causing a reduction of RNA by at least 10%, by at least 20%, by at least 25%, by at least 30%, by at least 40%, by at least 50%, by at least 60%, by at least 70%, by at least 75%, by at least 80%, by at least 85%, by at least 90%, by at least 95%, by at least 98%, by at least 99%, or by 100%.

Further provided are methods of screening for modulators of glucagon receptor and methods of modulating the expression of glucagon receptor in cells, tissues or animals comprising contacting said cells, tissues or animals with one or more short antisense compounds targeted to GCGRor with compositions comprising such compounds. Methods of treating an animal, particularly a human, suspected of having or being prone to a disease or condition associated with expression of glucagon receptor are also set forth herein. Certain such methods comprise administering a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of one or more of the compounds or compositions of the invention to the person in need of treatment.

The reduction of the expression of glucagon receptor may be measured, for example, in blood, plasma, serum, adipose tissue, liver or any other body fluid, tissue or organ of the animal. Preferably, the cells contained within said fluids, tissues or organs being analyzed contain a nucleic acid molecule encoding glucagon receptor protein and/or the glucagon receptor protein itself.

Pharmaceutical and other compositions comprising short antisense compounds are also provided. In certain embodiments short antisense compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding GCGR are utilized in pharmaceutical compositions by adding an effective amount of a compound to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

The short antisense compounds targeting a GCGR nucleic acid may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a GCGR nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a GCGR nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, 3-8-3, 1-1-10-2.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a GCGR Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid having the sequence GENBANK® Accession No. NM_(—)000160.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 9 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 9 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 9 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 9 includes a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Tables 12 and 13.

The nucleotide sequences set forth in each SEQ ID NO in Tables 12 and 13 are independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds defined by a SEQ ID NO may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Short antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise a gapmer motif. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprises a 3-10-3 gapmer motif. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise a gapmer motif. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprises a 3-8-3 gapmer motif. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprise a gapmer motif. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to a GCCR nucleic acid comprises a 2-10-2 gapmer motif.

Tables 12 and 13 illustrate examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 9. Table 12 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9. Table 13 illustrates short antisense compounds that have one or two mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 9. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

TABLE 12 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 9 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Gapmer ID NO. Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Motif NO 338463 378 393 TAGAGCTTCCACTTCT 3-10-3 MOE 486 338534 378 391 GAGCTTCCACTTCT 3-8-3 MOE 487 327130 499 512 TGTTGGCCGTGGTA 3-8-3 MOE 488 327131 500 513 ATGTTGGCCGTGGT 3-8-3 MOE 489 327132 501 514 GATGTTGGCCGTGG 3-8-3 MOE 490 327133 502 515 AGATGTTGGCCGTG 3-8-3 MOE 491 327134 503 516 GAGATGTTGGCCGT 3-8-3 MOE 492 327135 504 517 GGAGATGTTGGCCG 3-8-3 MOE 493 327136 505 518 AGGAGATGTTGGCC 3-8-3 MOE 494 327137 506 519 CAGGAGATGTTGGC 3-8-3 MOE 495 327138 507 520 GCAGGAGATGTTGG 3-8-3 MOE 496 327139 508 521 GGCAGGAGATGTTG 3-8-3 MOE 497 327140 531 544 GTGGTGCCAAGGCA 3-8-3 MOE 498 327141 532 545 TGTGGTGCCAAGGC 3-8-3 MOE 499 327142 533 546 TTGTGGTGCCAAGG 3-8-3 MOE 500 327143 534 547 TTTGTGGTGCCAAG 3-8-3 MOE 501 327144 535 548 CTTTGTGGTGCCAA 3-8-3 MOE 502 327145 536 549 ACTTTGTGGTGCCA 3-8-3 MOE 503 327146 537 550 CACTTTGTGGTGCC 3-8-3 MOE 504 327147 538 551 GCACTTTGTGGTGC 3-8-3 MOE 505 327148 539 552 TGCACTTTGTGGTG 3-8-3 MOE 506 327149 540 553 TTGCACTTTGTGGT 3-8-3 MOE 507 327150 545 558 CGGTGTTGCACTTT 3-8-3 MOE 508 327151 546 559 GCGGTGTTGCACTT 3-8-3 MOE 509 327152 547 560 AGCGGTGTTGCACT 3-8-3 MOE 510 327153 548 561 AAGCGGTGTTGCAC 3-8-3 MOE 511 327154 549 562 GAAGCGGTGTTGCA 3-8-3 MOE 512 327155 550 563 CGAAGCGGTGTTGC 3-8-3 MOE 513 327156 551 564 ACGAAGCGGTGTTG 3-8-3 MOE 514 327157 552 565 CACGAAGCGGTGTT 3-8-3 MOE 515 327158 553 566 ACACGAAGCGGTGT 3-8-3 MOE 516 327159 554 567 AACACGAAGCGGTG 3-8-3 MOE 517 345897 684 697 GCTGCTGTACATCT 2-10-2 MOE 518 327160 684 697 GCTGCTGTACATCT 3-8-3 MOE 518 327161 685 698 AGCTGCTGTACATC 3-8-3 MOE 520 327162 686 699 AAGCTGCTGTACAT 3-8-3 MOE 521 327163 687 700 GAAGCTGCTGTACA 3-8-3 MOE 522 327164 688 701 GGAAGCTGCTGTAC 3-8-3 MOE 523 327165 689 702 TGGAAGCTGCTGTA 3-8-3 MOE 524 327166 690 703 CTGGAAGCTGCTGT 3-8-3 MOE 525 327167 691 704 CCTGGAAGCTGCTG 3-8-3 MOE 526 327168 692 705 ACCTGGAAGCTGCT 3-8-3 MOE 527 327169 693 706 CACCTGGAAGCTGC 3-8-3 MOE 528 327170 694 707 TCACCTGGAAGCTG 3-8-3 MOE 529 327171 695 708 ATCACCTGGAAGCT 3-8-3 MOE 530 327172 696 709 CATCACCTGGAAGC 3-8-3 MOE 531 327173 697 710 ACATCACCTGGAAG 3-8-3 MOE 532 327174 698 711 TACATCACCTGGAA 3-8-3 MOE 533 327175 699 712 GTACATCACCTGGA 3-8-3 MOE 534 327176 700 713 TGTACATCACCTGG 3-8-3 MOE 535 327177 701 714 GTGTACATCACCTG 3-8-3 MOE 536 327178 869 882 TAGCGGGTCCTGAG 3-8-3 MOE 537 327179 870 883 GTAGCGGGTCCTGA 3-8-3 MOE 538 327180 871 884 TGTAGCGGGTCCTG 3-8-3 MOE 539 327181 872 885 CTGTAGCGGGTCCT 3-8-3 MOE 540 327182 873 886 GCTGTAGCGGGTCC 3-8-3 MOE 541 327183 874 887 GGCTGTAGCGGGTC 3-8-3 MOE 542 327184 875 888 TGGCTGTAGCGGGT 3-8-3 MOE 543 327185 876 889 CTGGCTGTAGCGGG 3-8-3 MOE 544 327186 877 890 TCTGGCTGTAGCGG 3-8-3 MOE 545 327187 878 891 TTCTGGCTGTAGCG 3-8-3 MOE 546 327188 955 968 TGAACACCGCGGCC 3-8-3 MOE 547 327189 956 969 ATGAACACCGCGGC 3-8-3 MOE 548 327190 957 970 CATGAACACCGCGG 3-8-3 MOE 549 327191 958 971 GCATGAACACCGCG 3-8-3 MOE 550 327192 959 972 TGCATGAACACCGC 3-8-3 MOE 551 327193 960 973 TTGCATGAACACCG 3-8-3 MOE 552 327194 961 974 ATTGCATGAACACC 3-8-3 MOE 553 327195 962 975 TATTGCATGAACAC 3-8-3 MOE 554 327196 963 976 ATATTGCATGAACA 3-8-3 MOE 555 327197 964 977 CATATTGCATGAAC 3-8-3 MOE 556 327198 1019 1032 AGGTTGTGCAGGTA 3-8-3 MOE 557 327199 1020 1033 CAGGTTGTGCAGGT 3-8-3 MOE 558 327200 1021 1034 GCAGGTTGTGCAGG 3-8-3 MOE 559 327201 1022 1035 AGCAGGTTGTGCAG 3-8-3 MOE 560 327202 1023 1036 CAGCAGGTTGTGCA 3-8-3 MOE 561 327203 1024 1037 CCAGCAGGTTGTGC 3-8-3 MOE 562 327204 1025 1038 CCCAGCAGGTTGTG 3-8-3 MOE 563 327205 1026 1039 GCCCAGCAGGTTGT 3-8-3 MOE 564 327206 1027 1040 GGCCCAGCAGGTTG 3-8-3 MOE 565 327207 1028 1041 AGGCCCAGCAGGTT 3-8-3 MOE 566 338491 1160 1175 TGTCATTGCTGGTCCA 3-10-3 MOE 567 338562 1160 1173 TCATTGCTGGTCCA 3-8-3 MOE 568 338498 1307 1322 TGGCCAGCCGGAACTT 3-10-3 MOE 569 338569 1307 1320 GCCAGCCGGAACTT 3-8-3 MOE 570 338499 1329 1344 GGGATGAGGGTCAGCG 3-10-3 MOE 571 338570 1329 1342 GATGAGGGTCAGCG 3-8-3 MOE 572 385067 1364 1377 AAGGCAAAGACCAC 3-8-3 MOE 573 338573 1401 1414 GGAGCGCAGGGTGC 3-8-3 MOE 574 338580 1487 1500 TGCACCTCCTTGTT 3-8-3 MOE 575

TABLE 13 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 1 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ ISIS Target Target SEQ NO. Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif ID NO 338577 158 171 CAGCAGACCCTGGA 3-8-3 MOE 576 338458 237 252 ACATCTGGCAGAGGTT 3-10-3 MOE 577 338529 237 250 ATCTGGCAGAGGTT 3-8-3 MOE 578 338466 318 333 CAGGCCAGCAGGAGTA 3-10-3 MOE 579 338537 318 331 GGCCAGCAGGAGTA 3-8-3 MOE 580 338533 364 377 CAAACAAAAAGTCC 3-8-3 MOE 582 338462 364 379 CTCAAACAAAAAGTCC 3-10-3 MOE 581 338535 397 410 GGTGACATTGGTCA 3-8-3 MOE 584 338464 397 412 GTGGTGACATTGGTCA 3-10-3 MOE 583 338466 470 485 CAGGCCAGCAGGAGTA 3-10-3 MOE 579 338537 470 483 GGCCAGCAGGAGTA 3-8-3 MOE 580 385048 497 510 TTGGCAGTGGTGTT 3-8-3 MOE 587 385049 500 513 ATGTTGGCAGTGGT 3-8-3 MOE 588 338467 503 518 AGGAAATGTTGGCAGT 3-10-3 MOE 589 338538 503 516 GAAATGTTGGCAGT 3-8-3 MOE 590 385050 506 519 CAGGAAATGTTGGC 3-8-3 MOE 591 385051 509 522 GGGCAGGAAATGTT 3-8-3 MOE 592 385052 523 536 AAGGTAGGTACCAG 3-8-3 MOE 593 385053 526 539 ACCAAGGTAGGTAC 3-8-3 MOE 594 385056 535 548 CTTTGTGGCACCAA 3-8-3 MOE 595 385057 538 551 GCACTTTGTGGCAC 3-8-3 MOE 596 338539 539 552 TGCACTTTGTGGCA 3-8-3 MOE 597 385058 541 554 GCTGCACTTTGTGG 3-8-3 MOE 598 385059 544 557 GGTGCTGCACTTTG 3-8-3 MOE 599 385060 547 560 GGCGGTGCTGCACT 3-8-3 MOE 600 385063 556 569 TGAACACTAGGCGG 3-8-3 MOE 601 385064 559 572 TCTTGAACACTAGG 3-8-3 MOE 602 338469 561 576 CACCTCTTGAACACTA 3-10-3 MOE 603 338540 561 574 CCTCTTGAACACTA 3-8-3 MOE 604 385065 562 575 ACCTCTTGAACACT 3-8-3 MOE 605 385066 565 578 CACACCTCTTGAAC 3-8-3 MOE 606 338541 590 603 CCTCGAACCCACTG 3-8-3 MOE 607 338473 658 673 CTTCTGGACCTCGATC 3-10-3 MOE 608 338544 658 671 TCTGGACCTCGATC 3-8-3 MOE 609 338474 681 696 CTGCTATACATCTTGG 3-10-3 MOE 610 338545 681 694 GCTATACATCTTGG 3-8-3 MOE 611 338475 703 718 CACGGTGTACATCACC 3-10-3 MOE 612 338546 703 716 CGGTGTACATCACC 3-8-3 MOE 613 338547 718 731 ACAGACTGTAGCCC 3-8-3 MOE 615 338476 718 733 GGACAGACTGTAGCCC 3-10-3 MOE 614 338550 889 902 CATCGCCAATCTTC 3-8-3 MOE 617 338479 889 904 GTCATCGCCAATCTTC 3-10-3 MOE 616 338551 899 912 ACACTGAGGTCATC 3-8-3 MOE 619 338480 899 914 TCACACTGAGGTCATC 3-10-3 MOE 618 338552 924 937 CGCCCCGTCACTGA 3-8-3 MOE 620 338555 992 1005 AGCAACCAGCAATA 3-8-3 MOE 622 338484 992 1007 CCAGCAACCAGCAATA 3-10-3 MOE 621 338485 1018 1033 CAGGCTGTACAGGTAC 3-10-3 MOE 623 338556 1018 1031 GGCTGTACAGGTAC 3-8-3 MOE 624 338558 1051 1064 AGCTCCTCTCAGAG 3-8-3 MOE 626 338487 1051 1066 GAAGCTCCTCTCAGAG 3-10-3 MOE 625 338559 1079 1092 CAGCCAATGCCCAG 3-8-3 MOE 628 338488 1079 1094 CCCAGCCAATGCCCAG 3-10-3 MOE 627 338560 1131 1144 AAACAGACACTTGA 3-8-3 MOE 630 338489 1131 1146 TCAAACAGACACTTGA 3-10-3 MOE 629 338490 1145 1160 AGCACTGAACATTCTC 3-10-3 MOE 631 338561 1145 1158 CACTGAACATTCTC 3-8-3 MOE 632 338563 1181 1194 ATCCACCAGAATCC 3-8-3 MOE 634 338492 1181 1196 GGATCCACCAGAATCC 3-10-3 MOE 633 338564 1216 1229 TGATCAGTAAGGCC 3-8-3 MOE 635 338565 1232 1245 ACAAAGATGAAAAA 3-8-3 MOE 637 338494 1232 1247 GGACAAAGATGAAAAA 3-10-3 MOE 636 338566 1267 1280 CACGCAGCTTGGCC 3-8-3 MOE 639 338495 1267 1282 GGCACGCAGCTTGGCC 3-10-3 MOE 638 338571 1344 1357 GACCCCCAGCAGAG 3-8-3 MOE 641 338500 1344 1359 TGGACCCCCAGCAGAG 3-10-3 MOE 640 385068 1366 1379 CAAAGGCAAAGACC 3-8-3 MOE 642 385069 1369 1382 TCACAAAGGCAAAG 3-8-3 MOE 643 385070 1372 1385 CAGTCACAAAGGCA 3-8-3 MOE 644 385071 1375 1388 CGTCAGTCACAAAG 3-8-3 MOE 645 385072 1378 1391 GCTCGTCAGTCACA 3-8-3 MOE 646 385073 1381 1394 CATGCTCGTCAGTC 3-8-3 MOE 647 386608 1384 1397 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 1-12-1 MOE 648 386593 1384 1397 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 2-10-2 MOE 648 396146 1384 1397 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 2-10-2 MOE 648 338572 1384 1397 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 3-8-3 MOE 648 396149 1384 1397 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 1-1-10-2 2′- 648 (butylacetamido)- palmitamide/OMe/ OMe 386627 1384 1397 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 2-10-2 648 Methyleneoxy BNA 386610 1387 1400 CTTGGGCATGCTCG 1-12-1 MOE 654 386595 1387 1400 CTTGGGCATGCTCG 2-10-2 MOE 654 385074 1387 1400 CTTGGGCATGCTCG 3-8-3 MOE 654 385075 1390 1403 TGCCTTGGGCATGC 3-8-3 MOE 657 385076 1393 1406 GGGTGCCTTGGGCA 3-8-3 MOE 648 385077 1396 1409 GCAGGGTGCCTTGG 3-8-3 MOE 659 385078 1399 1412 AGCGCAGGGTGCCT 3-8-3 MOE 660 338502 1401 1416 GTGGAGCGCAGGGTGC 3-10-3 MOE 661 385079 1402 1415 TGGAGCGCAGGGTG 3-8-3 MOE 662 385080 1405 1418 TGGTGGAGCGCAGG 3-8-3 MOE 663 385081 1408 1421 GCTTGGTGGAGCGC 3-8-3 MOE 664 385082 1411 1424 AGAGCTTGGTGGAG 3-8-3 MOE 665 338503 1412 1427 AAAAGAGCTTGGTGGA 3-10-3 MOE 666 338574 1412 1425 AAGAGCTTGGTGGA 3-8-3 MOE 667 385083 1414 1427 AAAAGAGCTTGGTG 3-8-3 MOE 668 385084 1417 1430 CAAAAAAGAGCTTG 3-8-3 MOE 669 338504 1434 1449 AAGGAGCTGAGGAACA 3-10-3 MOE 670 338575 1434 1447 GGAGCTGAGGAACA 3-8-3 MOE 671 327167 1441 1454 CCTGGAAGCTGCTG 3-8-3 MOE 526 338576 1445 1458 AGACCCTGGAAGGA 3-8-3 MOE 673 338505 1445 1460 GCAGACCCTGGAAGGA 3-10-3 MOE 672 338506 1449 1464 ACCAGCAGACCCTGGA 3-10-3 MOE 674 338577 1449 1462 CAGCAGACCCTGGA 3-8-3 MOE 576 338507 1464 1479 CAGTAGAGAACAGCCA 3-10-3 MOE 676 338578 1464 1477 GTAGAGAACAGCCA 3-8-3 MOE 677 338508 1475 1490 TGTTGAGGAAACAGTA 3-10-3 MOE 678 338579 1475 1488 TTGAGGAAACAGTA 3-8-3 MOE 679 338509 1487 1502 CCTGCACCTCCTTGTT 3-10-3 MOE 680 338580 1610 1623 TGCACCTCCTTGTT 3-8-3 MOE 575

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 378-391 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 378-391 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 378-391 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 486 or 487. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 378-391 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 338463 or 338534.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 499-521 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 499-521 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 499-521 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, or 497. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 499-521 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 327130, 327131, 327132, 327133, 327134, 327135, 327136, 327137, 327138, or 327139.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 531-553 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 531-553 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 531-553 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, or 507. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 531-553 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 327140, 327141, 327142, 327143, 327144, 327145, 327146, 327147, 327148, or 327149.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 545-567 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 545-567 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 545-567 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, or 517. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 545-567 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 327150, 327151, 327152, 327153, 327154, 327155, 327156, 327157, 327158, or 327159.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 531-567 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 531-567 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 531-567 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, or 517. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 531-567 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 327140, 327141, 327142, 327143, 327144, 327145, 327146, 327147, 327148, 327149, 327150, 327151, 327152, 327153, 327154, 327155, 327156, 327157, 327158, or 327159.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 684-714 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 684-714 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 684-714 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 518, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, or 536. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 684-714 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 345897, 327160, 327161, 327162, 327163, 327164, 327165, 327166, 327167, 327168, 327169, 327170, 327171, 327172, 327173, 327174, 327175, 327176, or 327177.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 869-891 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 869-891 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 869-891 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, or 546. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 869-891 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 327178, 327179, 327180, 327181, 327182, 327183, 327184, 327185, 327186, or 327187.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 955-977 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 955-977 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 955-977 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, or 556. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 955-977 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 327188, 327189, 327190, 327191, 327192, 327193, 327194, 327195, 327196, or 327197.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1019-1041 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1019-1041 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1019-1041 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, or 566. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1019-1041 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 327198, 327199, 327200, 327201, 327202, 327203, 327204, 327205, 327206, or 327207.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1160-1175 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1160-1175 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1160-1175 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 567 or 568. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1160-1175 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 338491 or 338562.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1307-1377 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1307-1377 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1307-1377 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 569, 570, 571, 572, or 573. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1307-1377 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 338498, 338569, 338499, 338570, or 385067.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1307-1414 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1307-1414 of SEQ ID NO: 9. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1307-1414 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, or 574. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1307-1414 of SEQ ID NO: 9 is selected from Isis No 338498, 338569, 338499, 338570, 385067, or 338573.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O —(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of GCGR. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of GCGR using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of GCGR comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

8. DGAT2

Diacylglycerol transferase 2 (also known as DGAT2, diacylglycerol O-transferase 2, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2), Diacylglycerol transferase 2 has been shown to be implicated in the absorption process of triglycerides (also called triacylglycerols) from food.

The absorption of triglycerides from food is a very efficient process which occurs by a series of steps wherein the dietary triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen and then resynthesized within enterocytes. The resynthesis of triacylglycerols can occur via the monoacylglycerol pathway which commences with monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) catalyzing the synthesis of diacylglycerol from monoacylglycerol and fatty acyl-CoA. An alternative synthesis of diacylglycerols is provided by the glycerol-phosphate pathway which describes the coupling of two molecules of fatty acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate. In either case, diacylglycerol is then acylated with another molecule of fatty acyl-CoA in a reaction catalyzed by one of two diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes to form the triglyceride (Farese et al., Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 2000, 11, 229-234).

The reaction catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase is the final and only committed step in triglyceride synthesis. As such, diacylglycerol acyltransferase is involved in intestinal fat absorption, lipoprotein assembly, regulating plasma triglyceride concentrations, and fat storage in adipocytes. The first diacylglycerol acyltransferase, diacylglycerol transferase 1, was identified in 1960 and the human and mouse genes encoding this protein were isolated in 1998 (Cases et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1998, 95, 13018-13023; Oelkers et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 26765-26771). Mice lacking diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 are viable and can still synthesize triglycerides through other biological routes, suggesting the existence of multiple mechanisms for triglyceride synthesis (Smith et al., Nat. Genet., 2000, 25, 87-90).

A second diacylglycerol transferase, diacylglycerol transferase 2 (also known as DGAT2, diacylglycerol O-transferase 2, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2), was subsequently identified in the fungus Mortierella, humans and mice (Cases et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38870-38876; Lardizabal et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38862-38869). Enzymatic assays indicate that this recently identified protein does possess diacylglycerol transferase activity that utilizes a broad range of long chain fatty acyl-CoA substrates (Cases et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38870-38876).

Diacylglycerol transferase 2 is a member of a family of genes whose sequences are unrelated to diacylglycerol transferase 1. In addition to differing in sequence compared to diacylglycerol transferase 1, in vitro assays illustrate that diacylglycerol transferase 2 has higher activity at lower concentrations of magnesium chloride and oleoyl-CoA (Cases et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38870-38876). The predicted protein sequence of diacylglycerol transferase 2 contains at least one putative transmembrane domain, three potential N-linked glycosylation sites, six potential protein kinase C phosphorylation consensus sites, as well as sequences in common with a putative glycerol phosphorylation site found in acyltransferase enzymes (Cases et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38870-38876). The International Radiation Hybrid Mapping Consortium has mapped human diacylglycerol transferase 2 to chromosome 11q13.3.

In human tissues, the highest levels of diacylglycerol transferase 2 are detected in liver and white adipose tissues, with lower levels found in mammary gland, testis and peripheral blood leukocytes (Cases et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38870-38876). Two mRNA species of 2.4 and 1.8 kilobases are detected in human tissues, whereas the major diacylglycerol transferase 2 mRNA species in mouse tissues is 2.4 kilobases. In addition to liver and white adipose tissues, diacylglycerol transferase 2 is expressed in all segments of the small intestine in mice, with higher expression in the proximal intestine and lower expression in the distal intestine (Cases et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38870-38876).

Diacylglycerol transferase activity exhibits distinct patterns during postnatal development of the rat liver. As there is no correlation between the mRNA expression and activity patterns, post-translational modifications may participate in the regulation of diacylglycerol transferase 2 activity during rat development (Waterman et al., J. Lipid. Res., 2002, 43, 1555-1562).

Diacylglycerol transferase 2 mRNA is preferentially upregulated by insulin treatment, as shown by in vitro assays measuring the diacylglycerol activity from the membrane fraction of cultured mouse adipocytes (Meegalla et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2002, 298, 317-323). In fasting mice, diacylglycerol transferase 2 expression is greatly reduced, and dramatically increases upon refeeding. The expression patterns of two enzymes that participate in fatty acid synthesis, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase, respond to fasting and refeeding in a similar fashion. These results, combined with the observation that diacylglycerol transferase 2 is abundantly expressed in liver, suggest that diacylglycerol transferase 2 is tightly linked to the endogenous fatty acid synthesis pathway (Meegalla et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 2002, 298, 317-323).

Studies of mice harboring a disruption in the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene provide evidence that diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 contributes to triglyceride synthesis. Levels of diacylglycerol transferase 2 mRNA expression are similar in intestinal segments from both wild type and diacylglycerol transferase 1-deficient mice (Buhman et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 25474-25479). Using magnesium chloride to distinguish between diacylglycerol transferase 1 and 2 activity, Buhman, et al. observed that, in diacylglycerol transferase 1-deficient mice, diacylglycerol transferase activity is reduced to 50% in the proximal intestine and to 10-15% in the distal intestine (Buhman et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 25474-25479).

Additionally, diacylglycerol transferase 2 mRNA levels are not up-regulated the liver or adipose tissues of diacylglycerol transferase 1-deficient mice, even after weeks of high-fat diet (Cases et al., J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 38870-38876; Chen et al., J. Clin. Invest., 2002, 109, 1049-1055). However, in ob/ob mice, which have a mutation in the leptin gene that results in obesity, diacylglycerol transferase 2 is more highly expressed than in wild type mice, suggesting that diacylglycerol transferase 2 may be partly responsible for the highly accumulated fat mass seen in these mice. Furthermore, the combined mutations of leptin and diacylglycerol transferase 1 leads to a three-fold elevation in diacylglycerol transferase 2 expression in white adipose tissue, compared to the levels in the same tissue from diacylglycerol transferase 1-deficient mice (Chen et al., J. Clin. Invest., 2002, 109, 1049-1055). Diacylglycerol transferase 2 mRNA is also upregulated in the skin of these mice (Chen et al., J. Clin. Invest., 2002, 109, 175-181). These data suggest leptin normally downregulates diacylglycerol transferase 2 expression, and that the upregulation of diacylglycerol transferase 2 in white adipose tissue in these mice may provide an alternate pathway for the triglyceride synthesis that still occurs in leptin deficient/diacylglycerol transferase 1-deficient mice (Chen et al., J. Clin. Invest., 2002, 109, 1049-1055).

Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 knockout mice exhibit interesting phenotypes in that they are lean, resistant to diet-induce obesity, have decreased levels of tissue triglycerides and increased sensitivity to insulin and leptin (Chen et al., J. Clin. Invest., 2002, 109, 1049-1055; Smith et al., Nat. Genet., 2000, 25, 87-90). As diacylglycerol transferase 2 also participates in triglyceride synthesis, interfering with diacylglycerol transferase 2 may similarly lead to reduced body fat content.

Definitions

“DGAT2” means the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound.

“DGAT2 nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding DGAT2. For example, in certain embodiments, a DGAT2 nucleic acid includes, without limitation, a DNA sequence encoding DGAT2, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding DGAT2, and an mRNA sequence encoding DGAT2.

“DGAT2 mRNA” means an mRNA encoding DGAT2.

Therapeutic Indications

Antisense technology is an effective means for reducing DGAT2 expression and has proven to be uniquely useful in a number of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. As such, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides compounds targeted to nucleic acid encoding DGAT2, which modulate the expression of DGAT2. Further provided herein are short antisense compounds capable of effectively inhibiting DGAT2 expression.

In certain embodiments, a subject, suspected of having a disease or associated with DGAT2 is treated by administering one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding DGAT2. For example, in a non-limiting embodiment, such methods comprise the step of administering to an animal a therapeutically effective amount of a short antisense compound. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds effectively inhibit the activity of DGAT2 or inhibit the expression of DGAT2. In one embodiment, the activity or expression of DGAT2 in a subject is inhibited by at least 10%, by at least 20%, by at least 25%, by at least 30%, by at least 40%, by at least 50%, by at least 60%, by at least 70%, by at least 75%, by at least 80%, by at least 85%, by at least 90%, by at least 95%, by at least 98%, by at least 99%, or by 100%. In certain embodiments, the activity or expression of DGAT2 in a subject is inhibited by about 30%. More preferably, the activity or expression of DGAT2 in a subject is inhibited by 50% or more.

The reduction of the expression of DGAT2 may be measured, for example, in blood, plasma, serum, adipose tissue, liver or any other body fluid, tissue or organ of the animal. Preferably, the cells contained within said fluids, tissues or organs being analyzed contain a nucleic acid molecule encoding DGAT2 and/or the DGAT2 protein itself.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical and other compositions comprising the compounds of the invention are also provided. For example, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid can be utilized in pharmaceutical compositions by adding an effective amount of a compound to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

Certain short antisense compounds targeting DGAT2 may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a DGAT2 nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a DGAT2 nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-10-1, 2-10-2 and 3-10-3.

Provided herein are methods of treating an individual by administering one or more short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such compound. Further provided are methods of treating a subject having a disease or conditions associated with DGAT2 activity by administering a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid. Diseases and conditions associated with DGAT2 include, but are not limited to, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, diabetes, cholesterolemia, and liver steatosis.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a DGAT2 Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NM_(—)032564.2, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 10 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 10 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 10 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 10 includes a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Tables 14 and 15.

Each nucleotide sequence set forth in each Tables 14 and 15 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds comprising a nucleotide sequence as set forth in Tables 14 and 15 may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Tables 14 and 15 illustrate examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 10. Table 14 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10. Table 15 illustrates short antisense compounds that have one or two mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 10. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

TABLE 14 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 10 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Gapmer ID NO. Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Motif NO 372556 231 244 ATGAGGGTCTTCAT 2-10-2 MOE 681 372557 249 262 ACCCCGGAGTAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 682 382601 249 260 CCCGGAGTAGGC 1-10-1 MOE 683 372480 251 266 CAGGACCCCGGAGTAG 3-10-3 MOE 684 372481 252 267 GCAGGACCCCGGAGTA 3-10-3 MOE 685 372558 252 265 AGGACCCCGGAGTA 2-10-2 MOE 686 372559 253 266 CAGGACCCCGGAGT 2-10-2 MOE 687 382603 331 342 CAGACCCCTCGC 1-10-1 MOE 688 382604 361 372 AGAGGATGCTGG 1-10-1 MOE 689 372485 392 407 GAGCCAGGTGACAGAG 3-10-3 MOE 690 372563 393 406 AGCCAGGTGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 691 382605 397 408 TGAGCCAGGTGA 1-10-1 MOE 692 372565 414 427 TTTTCCACCTTGGA 2-10-2 MOE 693 382606 482 493 CTGCAGGCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 694 372497 651 666 TCACCAGCTGGATGGG 3-10-3 MOE 695 372498 652 667 TTCACCAGCTGGATGG 3-10-3 MOE 696 372575 652 665 CACCAGCTGGATGG 2-10-2 MOE 697 372576 653 666 TCACCAGCTGGATG 2-10-2 MOE 698 382607 655 666 TCACCAGCTGGA 1-10-1 MOE 699 372499 656 671 TGTCTTCACCAGCTGG 3-10-3 MOE 700 372577 657 670 GTCTTCACCAGCTG 2-10-2 MOE 701 372500 659 674 GTGTGTCTTCACCAGC 3-10-3 MOE 702 372578 660 673 TGTGTCTTCACCAG 2-10-2 MOE 703 372501 661 676 TTGTGTGTCTTCACCA 3-10-3 MOE 704 372579 662 675 TGTGTGTCTTCACC 2-10-2 MOE 705 372502 664 679 AGGTTGTGTGTCTTCA 3-10-3 MOE 706 372580 665 678 GGTTGTGTGTCTTC 2-10-2 MOE 707 372503 666 681 GCAGGTTGTGTGTCTT 3-10-3 MOE 708 372581 667 680 CAGGTTGTGTGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 709 372504 669 684 TCAGCAGGTTGTGTGT 3-10-3 MOE 710 372582 670 683 CAGCAGGTTGTGTG 2-10-2 MOE 711 372505 671 686 GGTCAGCAGGTTGTGT 3-10-3 MOE 712 372506 672 687 TGGTCAGCAGGTTGTG 3-10-3 MOE 713 372583 672 685 GTCAGCAGGTTGTG 2-10-2 MOE 714 372584 673 686 GGTCAGCAGGTTGT 2-10-2 MOE 715 372507 676 691 CTGGTGGTCAGCAGGT 3-10-3 MOE 716 372585 677 690 TGGTGGTCAGCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 717 382608 680 691 CTGGTGGTCAGC 1-10-1 MOE 718 372508 681 696 AGTTCCTGGTGGTCAG 3-10-3 MOE 719 372586 682 695 GTTCCTGGTGGTCA 2-10-2 MOE 720 372509 684 699 TATAGTTCCTGGTGGT 3-10-3 MOE 721 372587 685 698 ATAGTTCCTGGTGG 2-10-2 MOE 722 372510 686 701 GATATAGTTCCTGGTG 3-10-3 MOE 723 372588 687 700 ATATAGTTCCTGGT 2-10-2 MOE 724 372511 691 706 CCAAAGATATAGTTCC 3-10-3 MOE 725 372512 692 707 TCCAAAGATATAGTTC 3-10-3 MOE 726 372589 692 705 CAAAGATATAGTTC 2-10-2 MOE 727 372590 693 706 CCAAAGATATAGTT 2-10-2 MOE 728 382609 724 735 CCAGGCCCATGA 1-10-1 MOE 729 372514 725 740 GGCACCCAGGCCCATG 3-10-3 MOE 730 372592 726 739 GCACCCAGGCCCAT 2-10-2 MOE 731 372515 730 745 CAGAAGGCACCCAGGC 3-10-3 MOE 732 372593 731 744 AGAAGGCACCCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 733 382610 851 862 CCAGACATCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 734 382611 867 878 GACAGGGCAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 735 382602 868 879 TGACAGGGCAGA 1-10-1 MOE 736 382612 911 922 CCACTCCCATTC 1-10-1 MOE 737 372524 965 980 GCCAGGCATGGAGCTC 3-10-3 MOE 738 372602 966 979 CCAGGCATGGAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 739 382613 968 979 CCAGGCATGGAG 1-10-1 MOE 740 382614 987 998 CAGGGTGACTGC 1-10-1 MOE 741 372525 989 1004 GTTCCGCAGGGTGACT 3-10-3 MOE 742 372603 990 1003 TTCCGCAGGGTGAC 2-10-2 MOE 743 372526 992 1007 GCGGTTCCGCAGGGTG 3-10-3 MOE 744 372604 993 1006 CGGTTCCGCAGGGT 2-10-2 MOE 745 372530 1106 1121 TCGGCCCCAGGAGCCC 3-10-3 MOE 746 372608 1107 1120 CGGCCCCAGGAGCC 2-10-2 MOE 747 372531 1109 1124 CCATCGGCCCCAGGAG 3-10-3 MOE 748 372609 1110 1123 CATCGGCCCCAGGA 2-10-2 MOE 749 372532 1112 1127 GACCCATCGGCCCCAG 3-10-3 MOE 750 372610 1113 1126 ACCCATCGGCCCCA 2-10-2 MOE 751 372533 1117 1132 TTCTGGACCCATCGGC 3-10-3 MOE 752 382615 1117 1128 GGACCCATCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 753 372611 1118 1131 TCTGGACCCATCGG 2-10-2 MOE 754 372536 1199 1214 CACCAGCCCCCAGGTG 3-10-3 MOE 755 372614 1200 1213 ACCAGCCCCCAGGT 2-10-2 MOE 756 372537 1204 1219 TAGGGCACCAGCCCCC 3-10-3 MOE 757 372615 1205 1218 AGGGCACCAGCCCC 2-10-2 MOE 758 372538 1209 1224 TGGAGTAGGGCACCAG 3-10-3 MOE 759 372616 1210 1223 GGAGTAGGGCACCA 2-10-2 MOE 760 382616 1215 1226 CTTGGAGTAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 761 372539 1218 1233 TGATGGGCTTGGAGTA 3-10-3 MOE 762 372617 1219 1232 GATGGGCTTGGAGT 2-10-2 MOE 763 372540 1293 1308 TGTGGTACAGGTCGAT 3-10-3 MOE 764 372618 1294 1307 GTGGTACAGGTCGA 2-10-2 MOE 765 382617 1294 1305 GGTACAGGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 766 372541 1295 1310 GGTGTGGTACAGGTCG 3-10-3 MOE 767 372619 1296 1309 GTGTGGTACAGGTC 2-10-2 MOE 768 372542 1298 1313 CATGGTGTGGTACAGG 3-10-3 MOE 769 372620 1299 1312 ATGGTGTGGTACAG 2-10-2 MOE 770 372543 1300 1315 TACATGGTGTGGTACA 3-10-3 MOE 771 372621 1301 1314 ACATGGTGTGGTAC 2-10-2 MOE 772 372544 1303 1318 ATGTACATGGTGTGGT 3-10-3 MOE 773 372622 1304 1317 TGTACATGGTGTGG 2-10-2 MOE 774 382618 1313 1324 GCCTCCATGTAC 1-10-1 MOE 775 382619 1325 1336 AGCTTCACCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 776 382620 1383 1394 GTTCACCTCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 777

TABLE 15 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 10 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Gapmer ID NO Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Motif NO 372608 151 164 CGGCCCCAGGAGCC 2-10-2 MOE 747 372474 156 171 CATGCCCCAGCCGCCG 3-10-3 MOE 778 372552 157 170 ATGCCCCAGCCGCC 2-10-2 MOE 779 382609 167 178 CCAGGCCCATGA 1-10-1 MOE 729 372478 230 245 GATGAGGGTCTTCATG 3-10-3 MOE 780 372479 248 263 GACCCCGGAGTAGGCA 3-10-3 MOE 781 382611 317 328 GACAGGGCAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 735 372483 352 367 ATGCTGGAGCCAGTGC 3-10-3 MOE 782 372561 353 366 TGCTGGAGCCAGTG 2-10-2 MOE 783 372562 373 386 GTCTTGGAGGGCCG 2-10-2 MOE 784 382602 388 399 TGACAGGGCAGA 1-10-1 MOE 736 372613 392 405 CCCAGGTGTCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 785 372486 412 427 TTTTCCACCTTGGATC 3-10-3 MOE 786 372564 413 426 TTTCCACCTTGGAT 2-10-2 MOE 787 372487 413 428 TTTTTCCACCTTGGAT 3-10-3 MOE 788 372488 418 433 AGGTGTTTTTCCACCT 3-10-3 MOE 789 372566 419 432 GGTGTTTTTCCACC 2-10-2 MOE 790 372489 459 474 CCAGGAAGGATAGGAC 3-10-3 MOE 791 372567 460 473 CAGGAAGGATAGGA 2-10-2 MOE 792 382612 475 486 CCACTCCCATTC 1-10-1 MOE 737 372490 483 498 TGACACTGCAGGCCAC 3-10-3 MOE 793 372568 484 497 GACACTGCAGGCCA 2-10-2 MOE 794 372491 492 507 ACATGAGGATGACACT 3-10-3 MOE 795 372569 493 506 CATGAGGATGACAC 2-10-2 MOE 796 372492 503 518 GCAGAAGGTGTACATG 3-10-3 MOE 797 372570 504 517 CAGAAGGTGTACAT 2-10-2 MOE 798 372493 512 527 GCAGTCAGTGCAGAAG 3-10-3 MOE 799 372571 513 526 CAGTCAGTGCAGAA 2-10-2 MOE 800 372496 612 627 ACACGGCCCAGTTTCG 3-10-3 MOE 801 372574 613 626 CACGGCCCAGTTTC 2-10-2 MOE 802 372513 717 732 GGCCCATGATGCCATG 3-10-3 MOE 803 372591 718 731 GCCCATGATGCCAT 2-10-2 MOE 804 372516 732 747 TACAGAAGGCACCCAG 3-10-3 MOE 805 372594 733 746 ACAGAAGGCACCCA 2-10-2 MOE 806 372518 812 827 GAAGTTGCCAGCCAAT 3-10-3 MOE 807 372596 813 826 AAGTTGCCAGCCAA 2-10-2 MOE 808 372560 863 876 CAGGGCAGATCCTT 2-10-2 MOE 809 372519 887 902 CAAGTAGTCTATGGTG 3-10-3 MOE 810 372597 888 901 AAGTAGTCTATGGT 2-10-2 MOE 811 372520 894 909 TGGAAAGCAAGTAGTC 3-10-3 MOE 812 372598 895 908 GGAAAGCAAGTAGT 2-10-2 MOE 813 372527 1013 1028 GGCCAGCTTTACAAAG 3-10-3 MOE 814 372605 1014 1027 GCCAGCTTTACAAA 2-10-2 MOE 815 372606 1020 1033 CGCAGGGCCAGCTT 2-10-2 MOE 816 372529 1052 1067 AAAGGAATAGGTGGGA 3-10-3 MOE 817 372607 1053 1066 AAGGAATAGGTGGG 2-10-2 MOE 818 372534 1144 1159 GCGAAACCAATATACT 3-10-3 MOE 819 372612 1145 1158 CGAAACCAATATAC 2-10-2 MOE 820 372535 1192 1207 CCCCAGGTGTCAGAGG 3-10-3 MOE 821 372613 1193 1206 CCCAGGTGTCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 822 372545 1332 1347 GATTGTCAAAGAGCTT 3-10-3 MOE 823 372623 1333 1346 ATTGTCAAAGAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 824 372546 1342 1357 TTGGTCTTGTGATTGT 3-10-3 MOE 825 372624 1343 1356 TGGTCTTGTGATTG 2-10-2 MOE 826 372547 1352 1367 AAGGCCGAATTTGGTC 3-10-3 MOE 827 372625 1353 1366 AGGCCGAATTTGGT 2-10-2 MOE 828 382601 1617 1628 CCCGGAGTAGGC 1-10-1 MOE 683 382606 1971 1982 CTGCAGGCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 694 382612 1988 1999 CCACTCCCATTC 1-10-1 MOE 737

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 231-267 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 231-267 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 231-267 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 681, 682, 683, 684, 685, 686, or 687. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 231-267 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372556, 372557, 382601, 372480, 372481, 372558, or 372559.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 249-267 of SEQ ID) NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 249-267 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 249-267 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 683, 684, 685, 686, or 687. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 249-267 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 382601, 372480, 372481, 372558, or 372559.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 331-493 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 331-493 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 331-493 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, or 694. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 331-493 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 382603, 382604, 372485, 372563, 382605, 372565, or 382606.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 331-427 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 331-427 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 331-427 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, or 693. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 331-427 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 382603, 382604, 372485, 372563, 382605, or 372565.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 392-408 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 392-408 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 392-408 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 690, 691, or 692. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 392-408 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372485, 372563, or 382605.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 651-707 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 651-707 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 651-707 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, or 728. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 651-707 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372497, 372498, 372575, 372576, 382607, 372499, 372577, 372500, 372578, 372501, 372579, 372502, 372580, 372503, 372581, 372504, 372582, 372505, 372506, 372583, 372584, 372507, 372585, 382608, 372508, 372586, 372509, 372587, 372510, 372588, 372511, 372512, 372589, or 372590.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 724-745 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 724-745 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 724-745 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 729, 730, 731, 732, or 733. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 724-745 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 382609, 372514, 372592, 372515, or 372593.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 651-745 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 651-745 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 651-745 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717, 718, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 732, or 733. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 651-745 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372497, 372498, 372575, 372576, 382607, 372499, 372577, 372500, 372578, 372501, 372579, 372502, 372580, 372503, 372581, 372504, 372582, 372505, 372506, 372583, 372584, 372507, 372585, 382608, 372508, 372586, 372509, 372587, 372510, 372588, 372511, 372512, 372589, 372590, 382609, 372514, 372592, 372515, or 372593.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 851-922 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 851-922 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 851-922 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 734, 735, 736, or 737. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 851-922 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 382610, 382611, 382602, or 382612.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 851-879 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 851-879 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 851-879 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 734, 735, or 736. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 851-879 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 382610, 382611, or 382602.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 965-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 965-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 965-1007 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 743, 744, or 745. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 965-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372524, 372602, 382613, 382614, 372525, 372603, 372526, or 372604.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 965-979 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 965-979 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 965-979 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 738, 739, or 740. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 965-979 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372524, 372602, or 382613.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 987-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 987-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 987-1007 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 741, 742, 743, 744, or 745. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 987-1007 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 382614, 372525, 372603, 372526, or 372604.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1106-1132 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1106-1132 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1106-1132 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 752, 753, or 754. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1106-1132 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372530, 372608, 372531, 372609, 372532, 372610, 372533, 382615, or 372611.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1199-1233 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1199-1233 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1199-1233 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 755, 756, 757, 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, or 763. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1199-1233 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372536, 372614, 372537, 372615, 372538, 372616, 382616, 372539, or 372617.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1293-1394 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1293-1394 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1293-1394 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, 776, or 777. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1293-1394 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372540, 372618, 382617, 372541, 372619, 372542, 372620, 372543, 372621, 372544, 372622, 382618, 382619, or 382620.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1293-1336 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1293-1336 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1293-1336 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, 775, or 776. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1293-1336 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372540, 372618, 382617, 372541, 372619, 372542, 372620, 372543, 372621, 372544, 372622, 382618, or 382619.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1293-1324 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1293-1324 of SEQ ID NO: 10. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1293-1324 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 764, 765, 766, 767, 768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774, or 775. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1293-1324 of SEQ ID NO: 10 is selected from Isis No 372540, 372618, 382617, 372541, 372619, 372542, 372620, 372543, 372621, 372544, 372622, or 382618.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in a short antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of DGAT2. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of DGAT2 using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of DGAT2 comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

9. PTP1B

PTP1B (also known as protein phosphatase 1B and PTPN1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated enzyme originally isolated as the major protein tyrosine phosphatase of the human placenta (Tonks et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263, 6731-6737; Tonks et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1988, 263, 6722-6730).

An essential regulatory role in signaling mediated by the insulin receptor has been established for PTP1B. In certain instances, PTP1B interacts with and dephosphorylates the activated insulin receptor both in vitro and in intact cells resulting in the downregulation of the signaling pathway (Goldstein et al., Mol. Cell. Biochem., 1998, 182, 91-99; Seely et al., Diabetes, 1996, 45, 1379-1385). In addition, PTP1B modulates the mitogenic actions of insulin (Goldstein et al., Mol. Cell. Biochem., 1998, 182, 91-99). In rat adipose cells overexpressing PTP1B, the translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter was inhibited, implicating PTP1B as a negative regulator of glucose transport as well (Chen et al., J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 8026-8031).

Mouse knockout models lacking the PTP1B gene also point toward the negative regulation of insulin signaling by PTP1B. Mice harboring a disrupted PTP1B gene showed increased insulin sensitivity and increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor. When placed on a high-fat diet, PTP1B −/− mice were resistant to weight gain and remained insulin sensitive (Elchebly et al., Science, 1999, 283, 1544-1548). These studies clearly establish PTP1B as a therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

Diabetes and obesity (sometimes now collectively referred to as “diabesity”) are interrelated. Most human obesity is associated with insulin resistance and leptin resistance. In fact obesity may have an even greater impact on insulin action than does diabetes itself (Sindelka et al., Physiol Res., 2002, 51, 85-91). Syndrome X or metabolic syndrome is a new term for a cluster of conditions, that, when occurring together, may indicate a predisposition to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These symptoms, including high blood pressure, high triglycerides, decreased HDL and obesity, tend to appear together in some individuals. Because of its role in both diabetes and obesity, PTP1B is believed to be a therapeutic target for a range of metabolic conditions, including diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. By improving blood glucose control, inhibitors of PTP1B may also be useful in slowing, preventing, delaying or ameliorating the sequelae of diabetes, which include retinopathy, neuropathy, cardiovascular complications and nephropathy.

PTP1B, which is differentially regulated during the cell cycle (Schievella et al., Cell. Growth Differ., 1993, 4, 239-246), is expressed in insulin sensitive tissues as two different isoforms that arise from alternate splicing of the pre-mRNA (Shifrin and Neel, J. Biol. Chem., 1993, 268, 25376-25384). The ratio of the alternatively spliced products is affected by growth factors, such as insulin, and differs in various tissues examined (Sell and Reese, Mol. Genet. Metab., 1999, 66, 189-192). In these studies the levels of the variants correlated with the plasma insulin concentration and percentage body fat. These variants may therefore be used as a biomarker for patients with chronic hyperinsulinemia or type 2 diabetes.

Definitions

“Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B” is the gene product or protein of which expression is to be modulated by administration of a short antisense compound. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B is generally referred to as PTP1B but may also be referred to as protein tyrosine phosphatase; PTPN1; RKPTP; protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1.

“PTP1B nucleic acid” means any nucleic acid encoding PTP1B. For example, in certain embodiments, a PTP1B nucleic acid includes, without limitation, a DNA sequence encoding PTP1B, an RNA sequence transcribed from DNA encoding PTP1B, and an mRNA sequence encoding PTP1B. “PTP1B mRNA” means an mRNA encoding a PTP1B protein.

Therapeutic Indications

Antisense technology is an effective means for reducing PTP1B expression and has proven to be uniquely useful in a number of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. As such, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding PTP1B, which modulate the expression of PTP1B. Further provided herein are short antisense compounds capable of effectively inhibiting PTP1B expression.

In certain therapeutics, a subject, suspected of having a disease or disorder which can be treated by modulating the expression of PTP1B is treated by administering one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding PTP1B. For example, in one non-limiting embodiment, the methods comprise the step of administering to an animal a therapeutically effective amount of a short antisense compound. The short antisense compounds of the present invention effectively inhibit the activity of PTP1B or inhibit the expression of PTP1B. In one embodiment, the activity or expression of PTP1B in a subject is inhibited by at least 10%, by at least 20%, by at least 25%, by at least 30%, by at least 40%, by at least 50%, by at least 60%, by at least 70%, by at least 75%, by at least 80%, by at least 85%, by at least 90%, by at least 95%, by at least 98%, by at least 99%, or by 100%. In certain embodiments, activity or expression of PTP1B in a subject is inhibited by about 30%. In certain embodiments, the activity or expression of PTP1B in a subject is inhibited by 50% or more.

The reduction of the expression of PTP1B may be measured, for example, in blood, plasma, serum, adipose tissue, liver or any other body fluid, tissue or organ of the animal. Preferably, the cells contained within said fluids, tissues or organs being analyzed contain a nucleic acid molecule encoding PTP1B and/or the PTP1B protein itself.

Certain pharmaceutical and other compositions comprising the compounds of the invention are also provided. In certain embodiments short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are utilized in pharmaceutical compositions by adding an effective amount of a compound to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

The short antisense compounds targeting PTP1B may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a PTP1B nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1, more preferably 1-10-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, and 1-9-2.

In certain embodiments provided herein are methods of treating an individual by administering one or more short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid or a pharmaceutical composition comprising such compound. Further provided are methods of treating a subject having a disease or conditions associated with PTP1B activity by administering a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid. Diseases and conditions associated with PTP1B include but are not limited to high blood glucose or hyperglycemia, prediabetes, diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, provided herein are methods of treating to high blood glucose or hyperglycemia, prediabetes, diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance by administering a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid.

In certain embodiments the present invention provides compositions and methods for decreasing blood glucose levels in a subject or for preventing or delaying the onset of a rise in blood glucose levels in a subject, by administering to the subject a short antisense inhibitor of PTP1B expression.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides compositions and methods for improving insulin sensitivity in a subject or for preventing or delaying the onset of insulin resistance in a subject, by administering to the subject a short antisense inhibitor of PTP1B expression.

In certain embodiments, the present invention provides compositions and methods for treating a metabolic condition in a subject or for preventing or delaying the onset of a metabolic condition in a subject, by administering to the subject a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid. Such metabolic condition may be any metabolic condition associated with PTP1B expression, including but not limited to diabetes and obesity. Also provided are methods of reducing adiposity. Also provided is a method of treating obesity wherein metabolic rate is increased.

In certain embodiments, the subject has Type 2 diabetes. In certain embodiments the subject exhibits elevated HbA1c levels In certain embodiments, HbA1c levels are at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10% or at least about 11%. In preferred embodiments, HbA_(1c) levels are reduced to about 7% or below about 7%. In certain embodiments, the subject exhibits an elevated body mass index In certain embodiments, the elevated body mass index is greater than 25 kg/m2. In certain embodiments, the subject exhibits hyperglycemia or elevated blood glucose levels. In a particular embodiment, the blood glucose levels are fasting blood glucose levels. In certain embodiments, the elevated fasting blood glucose levels are at least 130 mg/dL. In certain embodiments, the subject exhibits hyperglycemia prior to the start of treatment or exhibits fasting blood glucose levels above about 130 mg/dL, baseline HbA1c levels of at least about 7%, or body mass index of greater than 25 kg/m² or any combination thereof.

In certain embodiments a method of reducing one or more such levels by administering a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid is provided. For example, provided is a method of reducing fasting glucose levels, HbA_(1c) levels or, body mass index levels or any combination thereof in a subject by administering to a subject a short antisense compound targeting PTP1B. Fasting glucose may be fasting blood glucose, fasting serum glucose, or fasting plasma glucose. In some embodiments, fasting plasma glucose levels are reduced by at least about 25 mg/dL or by at least about 10 mg/dL. In a certain embodiments, said subject does not achieve normal glucose levels on a therapeutic regimen of a glucose-lowering agent such as insulin, sulfonylurea, or metformin.

In certain embodiments the invention provides methods of altering lipid levels. Certain such methods reduce cholesterol, LDL and/or VLDL levels or any combination thereof in a subject by administering to the subject a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid. In certain embodiments HDL levels in a subject are increased by administering to the subject a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid. In certain embodiments, LDL:HDL ratio and/or total cholesterol:HDL ratio in a subject is reduced by administering to the subject a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid. In certain embodiments HDL:LDL ratio and/or HDL:total cholesterol ratio in a subject's increased by administering to the subject a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid. In certain embodiments lipid profile in a subject is improved by increasing HDL, lowering LDL, lowering VLDL, lowering triglycerides, lowering apolipoprotein B levels, or lowering total cholesterol levels, or a combination thereof, by administering to the subject a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid. In such embodiments, the subject is an animal, including a human.

Combination Therapy

In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are co-administered with one or more other pharmaceutical agents. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat the same disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat a different disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat an undesired effect of one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are co-administered with another pharmaceutical agent to treat an undesired effect of that other pharmaceutical agent. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at the same time. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at different times. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared together in a single formulation. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared separately.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid include glucose-lowering agents and therapies. In some embodiments, the glucose-lowering agent is a PPAR agonist (gamma, dual, or pan), a dipeptidyl peptidase (IV) inhibitor, a GLP-1 analog, insulin or an insulin analog, an insulin secretagogue, a SGLT2 inhibitor, a human amylin analog, a biguanide, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, a meglitinide, a thiazolidinedione, or a sulfonylurea.

In some embodiments, the glucose-lowering therapeutic is a GLP-1 analog. In some embodiments, the GLP-1 analog is exendin-4 or liraglutide.

In other embodiments, the glucose-lowering therapeutic is a sulfonylurea. In some embodiments, the sulfonylurea is acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide, glimepiride, a glipizide, a glyburide, or a gliclazide.

In some embodiments, the glucose lowering drug is a biguanide. In some embodiments, the biguanide is metformin, and in some embodiments, blood glucose levels are decreased without increased lactic acidosis as compared to the lactic acidosis observed after treatment with metformin alone.

In some embodiments, the glucose lowering drug is a meglitinide. In some embodiments, the meglitinide is nateglinide or repaglinide.

In some embodiments, the glucose-lowering drug is a thiazolidinedione. In some embodiments, the thiazolidinedione is pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, or troglitazone. In some embodiments, blood glucose levels are decreased without greater weight gain than observed with rosiglitazone treatment alone.

In some embodiments, the glucose-lowering drug is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. In some embodiments, the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor is acarbose or miglitol.

In a certain embodiment, a co-administered glucose-lowering agent is ISIS 113715.

In a certain embodiment, glucose-lowering therapy is therapeutic lifestyle change.

In certain such embodiments, the glucose-lowering agent is administered prior to administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments, the glucose-lowering agent is administered following administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the glucose-lowering agent is administered at the same time as a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered glucose-lowering agent is the same as the dose that would be administered if the glucose-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered glucose-lowering agent is lower than the dose that would be administered if the glucose-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered glucose-lowering agent is greater than the dose that would be administered if the glucose-lowering agent was administered alone.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid include lipid-lowering agents. Such lipid lowering agents are discussed elsewhere in the application and are included here with respect to PTP1B. Such lipid lowering agents may be administered as described above for glucose lowering agents.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition comprising a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid include anti-obesity agents therapeutics. Such anti-obesity agents therapeutics may be administered as described above for glucose lowering agents.

Further provided is a method of administering a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid via injection and further including administering a topical steroid at the injection site.

Medicaments

Also provided herein are uses of a short antisense compound which is targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid for the preparation of a medicament for reducing blood glucose levels including fasting glucose levels, and HbA_(1c) levels, body mass index levels or any combination thereof. The medicament can be administered during a loading period and a maintenance period. In some embodiments, the medicament is administered subcutaneously or intravenously. In other embodiments, the administration of said medicament occurs at least once daily, at least once weekly, or at least once monthly. In a particular embodiment the short antisense compound present in the medicament is administered in a dose lower than a short antisense compound with a longer sequence and particularly a sequence 20 or more nucleobases. The medicament may be administered to a subject that exhibits high blood glucose or hyperglycemia, prediabetes, diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance.

Other aspects and advantages of short antisense compounds are provided herein. All aspect and advantages disclosed herein and specifically with regard to other targets is applicable with regard to compositions including short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid and methods of their use.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a PTP1B Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NM_(—)002827.2, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotides 14178000 to 1425600 of the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NT_(—)011362.9, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 12. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 11 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 11 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 12 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 12 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 12 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 12 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12.

In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 11 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Tables 16 and 17. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 12 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Tables 18 and 19.

Each nucleotide sequence set forth in each Tables 16, 17, 18, and 19 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds comprising a nucleotide sequence as set forth in Tables 16, 17, 18, and 19 may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Tables 16 and 17 illustrate examples of short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 11. Table 16 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11. Table 17 illustrates short antisense compounds that have one or two mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 11. Table 18 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12. Table 19 illustrates short antisense compounds that have 1 or 2 mismatches with respect to SEQ ID NO: 12. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

TABLE 16 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 11 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer ID NO. Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 147022 177 188 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147023 178 189 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147024 179 190 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147019 195 206 TCGATCTCCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 877 147020 196 207 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 147021 197 208 TGTCGATCTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 882 147022 198 209 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147023 199 210 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147024 200 211 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147025 201 212 GCCTTGTCGATC 1-10-1 MOE 865 147026 202 213 AGCCTTGTCGAT 1-10-1 MOE 835 147027 203 214 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 204 215 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147073 204 215 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147029 205 216 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147030 206 217 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147036 212 223 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147037 213 224 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147038 214 225 CGCCCAGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 855 147039 215 226 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147040 216 227 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147041 217 228 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147073 311 322 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147042 323 334 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147043 324 335 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 325 336 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147045 326 337 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147046 327 338 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147047 328 339 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147051 332 343 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147052 333 344 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147053 334 345 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147054 335 346 TAATCCGACTGT 1-10-1 MOE 871 147055 336 347 TTAATCCGACTG 1-10-1 MOE 884 147056 337 348 TTTAATCCGACT 1-10-1 MOE 887 147057 338 349 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147058 339 350 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147059 340 351 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147060 341 352 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147061 342 353 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147045 679 690 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147046 680 691 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147045 787 798 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147046 788 799 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147066 816 827 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 404131 992 1005 ACCTTCGATCACAG 2-10-2 MOE 831 147062 1024 1035 CACTGACGAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 841 147063 1025 1036 GCACTGACGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 862 147064 1026 1037 TGCACTGACGAG 1-10-1 MOE 880 147065 1027 1038 CTGCACTGACGA 1-10-1 MOE 857 147066 1028 1039 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147067 1029 1040 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147068 1030 1041 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147069 1031 1042 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147070 1032 1043 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147071 1033 1044 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147072 1034 1045 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147073 1035 1046 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147067 1199 1210 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147040 1288 1299 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147040 1396 1407 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147022 1868 1879 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147023 1869 1880 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147024 1870 1881 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147019 1886 1897 TCGATCTCCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 877 147020 1887 1898 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 147021 1888 1899 TGTCGATCTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 882 147022 1889 1900 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147023 1890 1901 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147025 1892 1903 GCCTTGTCGATC 1-10-1 MOE 865 147027 1894 1905 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 1895 1906 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147030 1897 1908 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147037 1904 1915 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147038 1905 1916 CGCCCAGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 855 147040 1907 1918 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147041 1908 1919 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147022 1976 1987 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147023 1977 1988 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147024 1978 1989 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147020 1995 2006 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 147021 1996 2007 TGTCGATCTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 882 147022 1997 2008 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147023 1998 2009 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147024 1999 2010 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147025 2000 2011 GCCTTGTCGATC 1-10-1 MOE 865 147026 2001 2012 AGCCTTGTCGAT 1-10-1 MOE 835 147027 2002 2013 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 2003 2014 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147029 2004 2015 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147030 2005 2016 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147036 2011 2022 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147037 2012 2023 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147038 2013 2024 CGCCCAGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 855 147039 2014 2025 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147040 2015 2026 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147041 2016 2027 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 404199 2366 2379 GGTCATGCACAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 867 404134 2369 2382 TCAGGTCATGCACA 2-10-2 MOE 873 404132 2548 2561 CCTTGGAATGTCTG 2-10-2 MOE 852 147020 2613 2624 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 147020 2721 2732 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 404133 3289 3302 TATTCCATGGCCAT 2-10-2 MOE 872 147032 6220 6231 GTTCCCAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 870 147033 6221 6232 AGTTCCCAGCCT 1-10-1 MOE 836 147034 6222 6233 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147044 6288 6299 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147045 6289 6300 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147032 6329 6340 GTTCCCAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 870 147033 6330 6341 AGTTCCCAGCCT 1-10-1 MOE 836 147034 6331 6342 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147044 6397 6408 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147045 6398 6409 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147058 7057 7068 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147059 7058 7069 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147060 7059 7070 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147058 7166 7177 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147059 7167 7178 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147041 8084 8095 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147041 8192 8203 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147027 8630 8641 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 8631 8642 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147027 8738 8749 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 8739 8750 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147043 10957 10968 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 10958 10969 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147043 11065 11076 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 11066 11077 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147071 11605 11616 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147070 11611 11622 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147071 11612 11623 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147072 12294 12305 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147072 12299 12310 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147030 12805 12816 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147031 12806 12817 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147053 12939 12950 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147030 12986 12997 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147031 12987 12998 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147053 13120 13131 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147051 13162 13173 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147061 13316 13327 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147047 13339 13350 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147029 14058 14069 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147029 14239 14250 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147067 15560 15571 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147068 15561 15572 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147067 15742 15753 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147069 15744 15755 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147042 16561 16572 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147042 16727 16738 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147030 17619 17630 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147064 17762 17773 TGCACTGACGAG 1-10-1 MOE 880 147030 17787 17798 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147064 17930 17941 TGCACTGACGAG 1-10-1 MOE 880 147042 19201 19212 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147042 19369 19380 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147027 21190 21201 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 21191 21202 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147027 21358 21369 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 21359 21370 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147070 22021 22032 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147070 22189 22200 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147047 22606 22617 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147043 24318 24329 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 24319 24330 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147045 24320 24331 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147046 24321 24332 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147043 24486 24497 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 24487 24498 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147046 24489 24500 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147047 24490 24501 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147040 25065 25076 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147041 25066 25077 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147046 25160 25171 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147039 25232 25243 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147040 25233 25244 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147041 25234 25245 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147046 25328 25339 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147057 25508 25519 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147061 25512 25523 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147057 25676 25687 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147069 28878 28889 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147070 28879 28890 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147053 30133 30144 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147053 30278 30289 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147054 30864 30875 TAATCCGACTGT 1-10-1 MOE 871 147043 30985 30996 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147054 31011 31022 TAATCCGACTGT 1-10-1 MOE 871 147043 31133 31144 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147036 32233 32244 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147072 32372 32383 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147072 32520 32531 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147069 33056 33067 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147070 33057 33068 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147071 33058 33069 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147051 33126 33137 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147070 33205 33216 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147071 33206 33217 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147051 33274 33285 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147046 33318 33329 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147049 33321 33332 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147051 33323 33334 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147046 33466 33477 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147047 33467 33478 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147051 33471 33482 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147046 33640 33651 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147051 33645 33656 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147046 33788 33799 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147051 33793 33804 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147059 35437 35448 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147060 35438 35449 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147060 35586 35597 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147021 36093 36104 TGTCGATCTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 882 147061 36250 36261 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147061 36398 36409 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147073 37485 37496 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147073 37633 37644 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147043 40214 40225 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147061 40353 40364 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147043 40362 40373 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147061 40501 40512 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147031 42527 42538 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147032 42528 42539 GTTCCCAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 870 147034 42530 42541 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147031 42675 42686 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147032 42676 42687 GTTCCCAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 870 147033 42677 42688 AGTTCCCAGCCT 1-10-1 MOE 836 147034 42678 42689 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147074 43848 43859 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147074 43996 44007 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147051 45402 45413 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147051 45550 45561 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147074 46125 46136 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147057 46313 46324 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147058 46314 46325 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147059 46315 46326 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147061 46317 46328 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147057 46461 46472 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147059 46463 46474 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147061 46465 46476 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147058 47413 47424 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147073 48221 48232 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147073 48369 48380 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147074 48370 48381 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147027 48566 48577 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147027 48714 48725 CAGCCTTGTCGA 1-10-1 MOE 843 147028 48715 48726 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147067 49050 49061 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147068 49051 49062 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147067 49198 49209 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147073 49524 49535 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147073 49672 49683 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147074 49673 49684 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147036 50421 50432 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147036 52292 52303 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147037 52293 52304 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147036 52438 52449 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147037 52439 52450 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147034 53148 53159 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147034 53294 53305 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147042 53445 53456 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147043 53446 53457 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 53447 53458 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147042 53591 53602 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147030 53592 53603 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147043 53592 53603 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147031 53593 53604 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147044 53593 53604 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147030 53738 53749 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147031 53739 53750 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147040 53783 53794 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147041 53784 53795 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147041 53930 53941 AGCCGCCCAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 834 147042 55008 55019 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147043 55009 55020 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147042 55154 55165 GGTCAAAAGGGC 1-10-1 MOE 866 147043 55155 55166 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147058 55281 55292 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147058 55427 55438 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147019 55682 55693 TCGATCTCCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 877 147021 55684 55695 TGTCGATCTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 882 147021 55830 55841 TGTCGATCTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 882 147054 56275 56286 TAATCCGACTGT 1-10-1 MOE 871 147055 56276 56287 TTAATCCGACTG 1-10-1 MOE 884 147056 56277 56288 TTTAATCCGACT 1-10-1 MOE 887 147058 56279 56290 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147059 56280 56291 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147060 56281 56292 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147061 56282 56293 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147051 56418 56429 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147053 56420 56431 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147054 56421 56432 TAATCCGACTGT 1-10-1 MOE 871 147055 56422 56433 TTAATCCGACTG 1-10-1 MOE 884 147056 56423 56434 TTTAATCCGACT 1-10-1 MOE 887 147057 56424 56435 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147058 56425 56436 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147061 56428 56439 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147045 57118 57129 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147045 57264 57275 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147046 57265 57276 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147071 58028 58039 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147071 58174 58185 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147043 61111 61122 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147071 61130 61141 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147020 61226 61237 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 147043 61257 61268 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147071 61276 61287 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147035 61277 61288 CCAGTTCCCAGC 1-10-1 MOE 847 147036 61278 61289 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147037 61279 61290 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147038 61280 61291 CGCCCAGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 855 147039 61281 61292 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147040 61282 61293 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147071 61309 61320 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147020 61372 61383 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 147034 61422 61433 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147035 61423 61434 CCAGTTCCCAGC 1-10-1 MOE 847 147036 61424 61435 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147037 61425 61436 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147038 61426 61437 CGCCCAGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 855 147040 61428 61439 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147071 61455 61466 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147073 62003 62014 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147073 62149 62160 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147066 63065 63076 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147068 63067 63078 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147069 63146 63157 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147062 63207 63218 CACTGACGAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 841 147066 63211 63222 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147057 64054 64065 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147036 64538 64549 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147037 64539 64550 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147037 64685 64696 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147066 64864 64875 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147067 64865 64876 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147066 65010 65021 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147067 65011 65022 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147045 65017 65028 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147045 65163 65174 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147046 65164 65175 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147068 65408 65419 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147071 65411 65422 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147069 65549 65560 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147068 65554 65565 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147071 65557 65568 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147029 67741 67752 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147030 67742 67753 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147031 67743 67754 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147028 67886 67897 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147029 67887 67898 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147030 67888 67899 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147031 67889 67900 TTCCCAGCCTTG 1-10-1 MOE 885 147043 68867 68878 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 68868 68879 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147045 68869 68880 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147043 69013 69024 TGGTCAAAAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 881 147044 69014 69025 GTGGTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 869 147045 69015 69026 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147046 69016 69027 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147071 69519 69530 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147072 69520 69531 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147073 69521 69532 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147071 69665 69676 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147072 69666 69677 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147073 69667 69678 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147074 69668 69679 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147066 69869 69880 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147066 70015 70026 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147023 70465 70476 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147023 70611 70622 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147062 70615 70626 CACTGACGAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 841 147063 70616 70627 GCACTGACGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 862 147064 70617 70628 TGCACTGACGAG 1-10-1 MOE 880 147065 70618 70629 CTGCACTGACGA 1-10-1 MOE 857 147066 70619 70630 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147063 70762 70773 GCACTGACGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 862 147064 70763 70774 TGCACTGACGAG 1-10-1 MOE 880 147065 70764 70775 CTGCACTGACGA 1-10-1 MOE 857 147066 70765 70776 CCTGCACTGACG 1-10-1 MOE 851 147072 70998 71009 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147073 70999 71010 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147072 71144 71155 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147073 71145 71156 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147074 71146 71157 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147037 71351 71362 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147038 71352 71363 CGCCCAGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 855 147039 71353 71364 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147037 71497 71508 GCCCAGTTCCCA 1-10-1 MOE 863 147038 71498 71509 CGCCCAGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 855 147039 71499 71510 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147061 71641 71652 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147061 71787 71798 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879

TABLE 17 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 11 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer ID NO. Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 147022 177 188 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147023 178 189 CTTGTCGATCTC 1-10-1 MOE 859 147020 196 207 GTCGATCTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 868 147022 198 209 TTGTCGATCTCC 1-10-1 MOE 886 147024 200 211 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147026 202 213 AGCCTTGTCGAT 1-10-1 MOE 835 147028 204 215 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147029 205 216 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147030 206 217 TCCCAGCCTTGT 1-10-1 MOE 874 147036 212 223 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147073 311 322 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147046 327 338 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147047 328 339 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 329 340 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147049 330 341 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147050 331 342 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147051 332 343 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147052 333 344 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147053 334 345 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147054 335 346 TAATCCGACTGT 1-10-1 MOE 871 147055 336 347 TTAATCCGACTG 1-10-1 MOE 884 147056 337 348 TTTAATCCGACT 1-10-1 MOE 887 147057 338 349 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147058 339 350 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147060 341 352 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147061 342 353 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147062 1024 1035 CACTGACGAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 841 147063 1025 1036 GCACTGACGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 862 147068 1030 1041 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147071 1033 1044 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147073 1035 1046 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147074 1036 1047 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147067 1091 1102 TCCTGCACTGAC 1-10-1 MOE 876 147024 1891 1902 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147026 1893 1904 AGCCTTGTCGAT 1-10-1 MOE 835 147029 1896 1907 CCCAGCCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 848 147036 1903 1914 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147039 1906 1917 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147019 1994 2005 TCGATCTCCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 877 401385 2815 2828 CCCAGTGGGTTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 890 147033 5265 5276 AGTTCCCAGCCT 1-10-1 MOE 836 147033 5373 5384 AGTTCCCAGCCT 1-10-1 MOE 836 147060 7168 7179 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147053 10527 10538 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147053 10635 10646 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147070 11604 11615 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147071 11612 11623 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147072 12294 12305 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147072 12299 12310 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147052 12938 12949 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147052 13119 13130 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147047 13158 13169 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 13159 13170 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147049 13160 13171 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147048 13340 13351 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147049 13341 13352 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147051 13343 13354 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147061 13497 13508 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147069 15562 15573 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147068 15743 15754 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147049 17181 17192 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147049 17349 17360 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147047 22438 22449 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147047 24322 24333 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147045 24488 24499 TGTGGTCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 883 147039 25064 25075 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147057 25508 25519 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147057 25676 25687 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147061 25680 25691 TGCAATTTAATC 1-10-1 MOE 879 147069 28731 28742 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147052 30132 30143 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147052 30277 30288 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147036 32085 32096 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147072 32520 32531 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147071 33058 33069 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147050 33125 33136 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147069 33204 33215 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147050 33273 33284 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147047 33319 33330 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147050 33322 33333 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147052 33324 33335 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147049 33469 33480 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147050 33470 33481 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147052 33472 33483 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147047 33641 33652 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147047 33789 33800 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147059 35585 35596 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147021 36241 36252 TGTCGATCTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 882 147073 37633 37644 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147033 42529 42540 AGTTCCCAGCCT 1-10-1 MOE 836 147050 45401 45412 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147050 45549 45560 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147074 46125 46136 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147057 46313 46324 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147058 46462 46473 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147058 47413 47424 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147058 47561 47572 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147073 48221 48232 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147073 48369 48380 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147028 48567 48578 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147068 49199 49210 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147036 50273 50284 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147040 53929 53940 GCCGCCCAGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 864 147047 54769 54780 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 54770 54781 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147047 54915 54926 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 54916 54927 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147019 55828 55839 TCGATCTCCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 877 147047 56268 56279 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 56269 56280 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147049 56270 56281 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147050 56271 56282 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147051 56272 56283 TCCGACTGTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 875 147052 56273 56284 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147053 56274 56285 AATCCGACTGTG 1-10-1 MOE 829 147056 56277 56288 TTTAATCCGACT 1-10-1 MOE 887 147057 56278 56289 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147047 56414 56425 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 56415 56426 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147049 56416 56427 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147050 56417 56428 CCGACTGTGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 889 147052 56419 56430 ATCCGACTGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 837 147057 56424 56435 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147058 56425 56436 AATTTAATCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 830 147059 56426 56437 CAATTTAATCCG 1-10-1 MOE 840 147060 56427 56438 GCAATTTAATCC 1-10-1 MOE 861 147046 57119 57130 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147071 58174 58185 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147071 61130 61141 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147034 61276 61287 CAGTTCCCAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 844 147071 61309 61320 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147039 61427 61438 CCGCCCAGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 850 147071 61455 61466 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147073 62003 62014 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147062 63061 63072 CACTGACGAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 841 147068 63213 63224 ATCCTGCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 838 147069 63292 63303 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147057 64054 64065 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147057 64200 64211 ATTTAATCCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 839 147070 64427 64438 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147070 64573 64584 TGATCCTGCACT 1-10-1 MOE 878 147036 64684 64695 CCCAGTTCCCAG 1-10-1 MOE 849 147046 65018 65029 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147071 65557 65568 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147069 65695 65706 GATCCTGCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 860 147047 66163 66174 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147047 66309 66320 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147028 67740 67751 CCAGCCTTGTCG 1-10-1 MOE 846 147046 68870 68881 CTGTGGTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 858 147047 68871 68882 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 68872 68883 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147049 68873 68884 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147047 69017 69028 ACTGTGGTCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 833 147048 69018 69029 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147049 69019 69030 CGACTGTGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 854 147071 69519 69530 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147073 69521 69532 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147071 69665 69676 CTGATCCTGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 856 147072 69666 69677 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147024 70466 70477 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147024 70612 70623 CCTTGTCGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 853 147062 70761 70772 CACTGACGAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 841 147072 70998 71009 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147073 70999 71010 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147072 71144 71155 ACTGATCCTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 832 147073 71145 71156 CACTGATCCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 842 147048 71366 71377 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888 147048 71512 71523 GACTGTGGTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 888

TABLE 18 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 12 5′ 3′ Seq ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer ID NO. Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 398163 20 31 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 384545 23 34 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147705 159 170 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147703 245 256 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 398090 283 296 TTGTTCTTAGGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 972 147704 285 296 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 291 302 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147709 311 322 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147733 349 360 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147707 360 371 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147708 366 377 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 390030 381 392 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147709 386 397 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147081 393 404 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 398091 393 406 GGGCTTCTTCCATT 2-10-2 MOE 979 398166 395 406 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147709 418 429 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147711 425 436 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147712 461 472 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147713 466 477 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 147714 471 482 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147715 496 507 GTTGAGCATGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1077 147716 521 532 TTAACGAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 949 147717 574 585 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 607 618 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147708 612 623 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147718 621 632 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147746 625 636 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398167 704 715 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 705 718 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 147723 715 726 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 398093 758 771 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398168 760 771 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147738 780 791 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 398094 848 861 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 398169 849 860 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 398164 873 884 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147735 973 984 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147737 984 995 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 368369 1025 1040 TCCTGCACTGACGA 3-10-3 MOE 893 GT 368372 1031 1046 CACTGATCCTGCAC 3-10-3 MOE 894 TG 368353 1033 1046 CACTGATCCTGCAC 2-10-2 MOE 1007 368354 1035 1048 TCCACTGATCCTGC 2-10-2 MOE 1024 368388 1035 1050 CTTCCACTGATCCT 3-10-3 MOE 895 TA 368355 1036 1049 TTCCACTGATCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1025 368356 1037 1050 CTTCCACTGATCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1027 368376 1037 1052 TCCTTCCACTGATC 3-10-3 MOE 1028 CT 147076 1038 1049 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 1038 1051 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147077 1039 1050 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368358 1039 1052 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 368378 1039 1054 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 3-10-3 MOE 1032 TC 368359 1041 1054 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1033 147080 1042 1053 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 1043 1054 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368360 1043 1056 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 368380 1043 1058 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 3-10-3 MOE 896 CT 147082 1044 1055 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368381 1045 1060 GGGAAAGCTCCTTC 3-10-3 MOE 1037 CA 147739 1107 1118 CGTTTGGGTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1023 147741 1165 1176 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398097 1194 1207 GGCAGTCTTTATCC 2-10-2 MOE 897 147742 1273 1284 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147743 1388 1399 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147744 1392 1403 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 147745 1398 1409 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398157 1455 1468 GGAAACATACCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1045 398167 1475 1486 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 1476 1489 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 368357 1596 1609 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 398160 1691 1704 GAATAGGTTAAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1048 398163 1711 1722 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 147746 1750 1761 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 389949 1777 1788 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 398161 1790 1803 AACAATGTGTTGTA 2-10-2 MOE 1049 147746 1799 1810 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398163 1819 1830 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 389950 1848 1859 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 398164 1889 1900 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147702 1917 1928 CTGGTAAATAGC 1-10-1 MOE 898 147088 1971 1982 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 398102 2003 2016 CTACCTGAGGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 899 398103 2010 2023 CCCAGTACTACCTG 2-10-2 MOE 900 147737 2386 2397 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398095 2407 2420 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 398106 2441 2454 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 147745 2497 2508 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147712 2499 2510 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147712 2607 2618 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147745 2689 2700 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398167 2706 2717 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 2707 2720 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 398166 2966 2977 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147091 2992 3003 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147092 2993 3004 TGTTCCCTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 901 389949 3008 3019 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147087 3149 3160 CCTCTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 982 147088 3150 3161 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 398113 3160 3173 AGGAGGTTAAACCA 2-10-2 MOE 905 147087 3257 3268 CCTCTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 982 147088 3258 3269 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147737 3591 3602 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147737 3617 3628 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147079 3637 3648 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 3638 3649 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 398095 3638 3651 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 398106 3672 3685 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 398107 3678 3691 TATTCCTGGAAAAC 2-10-2 MOE 902 147691 3806 3817 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147683 3848 3859 GCTTACGATTGT 1-10-1 MOE 922 147738 3853 3864 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 398167 3926 3937 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398109 3945 3958 CAAGAAGTGTGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 903 398167 4034 4045 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398110 4083 4096 GTTCCCTTTGCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 952 398111 4168 4181 GTGAAAATGCTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 904 147706 4238 4249 GCTGACATCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 1071 398112 4282 4295 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 147746 4315 4326 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398113 4391 4404 AGGAGGTTAAACCA 2-10-2 MOE 905 398115 4484 4497 AGTAAATATTGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1076 390030 4491 4502 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 4537 4548 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147703 5034 5045 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 147684 5035 5046 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 398125 5075 5088 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 147696 5083 5094 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147684 5143 5154 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 147712 5366 5377 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147714 5416 5427 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 398128 5443 5456 CTAAATTTAGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 911 147712 5474 5485 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147746 5498 5509 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147714 5524 5535 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147736 5600 5611 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147085 5762 5773 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147679 5825 5836 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 390030 6803 6814 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398142 6885 6898 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 398142 6994 7007 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 398166 7306 7317 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147684 7551 7562 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 147085 8308 8319 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147085 8416 8427 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 398163 8473 8484 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 147718 8523 8534 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147718 8631 8642 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147691 8806 8817 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147728 8835 8846 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147728 8943 8954 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398169 8946 8957 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 147742 9060 9071 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 404136 9162 9175 TAAGTGTCCCTTTG 2-10-2 MOE 910 147746 9963 9974 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 9966 9977 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 9969 9980 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 9991 10002 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 10071 10082 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 10074 10085 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 10077 10088 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 390030 10170 10181 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147084 10220 10231 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 390030 10278 10289 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147085 10329 10340 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147711 10684 10695 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147711 10792 10803 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 398128 11333 11346 CTAAATTTAGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 911 147707 11960 11971 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147707 11965 11976 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147090 12013 12024 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 398096 12146 12159 GGAGAAGCGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1015 398166 12214 12225 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 398135 12308 12321 GACTACATTTTACA 2-10-2 MOE 912 147741 12389 12400 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398125 12431 12444 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 147714 12585 12596 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147718 12594 12605 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 398125 12612 12625 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 147737 12803 12814 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147746 12876 12887 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147691 12900 12911 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398137 13111 13124 TGTGTCCCTCAGTC 2-10-2 MOE 914 398138 13254 13267 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 398137 13292 13305 TGTGTCCCTCAGTC 2-10-2 MOE 914 398138 13435 13448 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 389764 14020 14031 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 389948 14067 14078 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 389948 14248 14259 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 147738 14279 14290 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147698 14572 14583 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147717 14750 14761 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 14932 14943 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 398167 15374 15385 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147736 16444 16455 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147746 16510 16521 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147738 16590 16601 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147746 16676 16687 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398167 16797 16808 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398144 16911 16924 GACAGCTTCTATAA 2-10-2 MOE 916 389764 17096 17107 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 147709 17238 17249 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147709 17406 17417 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147695 17466 17477 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147746 17497 17508 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147088 17539 17550 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147711 17808 17819 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147711 17976 17987 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 398139 18049 18062 AGTGACTGACCACA 2-10-2 MOE 917 398139 18217 18230 AGTGACTGACCACA 2-10-2 MOE 917 398140 18596 18609 GTAGCATAGAGCCT 2-10-2 MOE 918 398140 18764 18777 GTAGCATAGAGCCT 2-10-2 MOE 918 398167 18927 18938 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398141 18947 18960 CAGATCTTGTCAAG 2-10-2 MOE 919 398167 19095 19106 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398141 19115 19128 CAGATCTTGTCAAG 2-10-2 MOE 919 147746 19207 19218 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147711 19508 19519 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147729 19554 19565 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147718 19617 19628 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 390030 19618 19629 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147701 19671 19682 CCATGGCGGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 921 147711 19676 19687 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147718 19785 19796 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147079 20515 20526 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 389764 20620 20631 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 398142 20653 20666 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147078 20682 20693 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 20683 20694 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 20704 20715 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 20705 20716 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 389965 20788 20799 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 147746 20870 20881 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 21038 21049 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147717 21080 21091 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147076 21222 21233 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 398094 21441 21454 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 147746 21633 21644 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147738 21884 21895 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147683 21939 21950 GCTTACGATTGT 1-10-1 MOE 922 147743 22213 22224 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147736 22759 22770 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147736 22927 22938 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398142 23008 23021 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 398147 23784 23797 CTACAGGACAATAC 2-10-2 MOE 957 398147 23952 23965 CTACAGGACAATAC 2-10-2 MOE 957 147713 24434 24445 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 389965 24543 24554 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 147713 24602 24613 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 389965 24711 24722 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 147746 25384 25395 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398143 25505 25518 GTCAGTCCCAGCTA 2-10-2 MOE 924 147691 25610 25621 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398130 25672 25685 TTAGTATGACAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 925 147746 25810 25821 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 25978 25989 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 26172 26183 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398151 26718 26731 TCAGTGTAGGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 926 147728 26917 26928 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398152 27708 27721 TGAATATACAGATG 2-10-2 MOE 927 147698 28629 28640 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 389965 28714 28725 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 28714 28725 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 389764 28861 28872 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 390030 29945 29956 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147744 30654 30665 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 147093 30836 30847 TTGTTCCCTCTA 1-10-1 MOE 929 147746 30957 30968 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 31105 31116 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 390030 31477 31488 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 384545 31829 31840 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 384545 31977 31988 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 401382 32094 32107 TCTACCTGAGTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 930 147089 32387 32398 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 389950 32949 32960 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 398165 33002 33013 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147081 33073 33084 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147082 33074 33085 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 389950 33097 33108 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 147736 33160 33171 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147081 33221 33232 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368360 33221 33234 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 33222 33233 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 398138 33244 33257 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 147746 33250 33261 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398138 33392 33405 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 401383 33588 33601 GATCACCTTCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 932 147746 33886 33897 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 34606 34617 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398165 34704 34715 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147717 34745 34756 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147746 34754 34765 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398165 34852 34863 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147717 34893 34904 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 401384 34905 34918 TGAACACATCACTA 2-10-2 MOE 933 147738 35391 35402 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147736 35396 35407 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147738 35539 35550 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147691 35554 35565 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147691 35702 35713 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147746 35814 35825 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 401385 36109 36122 CCCAGTGGGTTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 890 147691 36360 36371 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147746 36416 36427 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147731 36620 36631 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147714 37881 37892 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147714 38029 38040 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147681 38512 38523 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 401386 38516 38529 TAATTGATGTCAAT 2-10-2 MOE 935 401387 38518 38531 AGTAATTGATGTCA 2-10-2 MOE 936 401388 38520 38533 ACAGTAATTGATGT 2-10-2 MOE 937 401389 38522 38535 TTACAGTAATTGAT 2-10-2 MOE 938 401390 38524 38537 ACTTACAGTAATTG 2-10-2 MOE 939 401391 38526 38539 AGACTTACAGTAAT 2-10-2 MOE 940 401392 38528 38541 TCAGACTTACAGTA 2-10-2 MOE 941 401393 38530 38543 AATCAGACTTACAG 2-10-2 MOE 942 401394 38532 38545 TGAATCAGACTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 943 401395 38534 38547 AATGAATCAGACTT 2-10-2 MOE 944 147738 38909 38920 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147738 39057 39068 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 390030 39249 39260 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 39397 39408 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 401396 39488 39501 TGCAGGATGTTGAG 2-10-2 MOE 945 147717 39545 39556 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147746 39641 39652 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147717 39693 39704 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147746 39729 39740 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 39877 39888 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 40185 40196 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 40478 40489 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398166 40589 40600 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147735 40662 40673 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147746 40706 40717 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398166 40737 40748 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147746 40854 40865 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 401397 41012 41025 CTGGTCAGCATTGA 2-10-2 MOE 946 147718 41070 41081 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147718 41218 41229 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147717 41221 41232 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 41369 41380 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 41599 41610 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 41747 41758 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 401398 41768 41781 CAAAGTCCCTTAGC 2-10-2 MOE 947 390030 42056 42067 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398153 42157 42170 ATTTCTCTTACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 948 398153 42305 42318 ATTTCTCTTACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 948 147710 42691 42702 TATAGCTCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 994 147079 43322 43333 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 43323 43334 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147716 43477 43488 TTAACGAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 949 147746 43992 44003 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147736 44137 44148 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 384545 44242 44253 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147687 44354 44365 CGACACGGGAAC 1-10-1 MOE 950 384545 44390 44401 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 398110 44713 44726 GTTCCCTTTGCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 952 147705 45092 45103 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147705 45240 45251 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147074 45977 45988 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147075 45978 45989 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 147076 45979 45990 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 147076 46127 46138 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 401399 46247 46260 ATTAGCCATATCTC 2-10-2 MOE 953 147705 46555 46566 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147714 46685 46696 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147705 46703 46714 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 390030 46859 46870 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 46933 46944 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147681 46984 46995 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 390030 47007 47018 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147746 47023 47034 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 390030 47081 47092 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147681 47132 47143 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147746 47171 47182 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 401400 47411 47424 AGCATTCAGCAGTG 2-10-2 MOE 954 147746 47461 47472 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147086 47608 47619 CTCTACACCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 969 147087 47609 47620 CCTCTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 982 147088 47610 47621 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147090 47612 47623 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 147691 47729 47740 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147086 47756 47767 CTCTACACCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 969 147088 47758 47769 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147089 47759 47770 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 390030 47847 47858 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 47995 48006 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147691 48393 48404 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398147 48887 48900 CTACAGGACAATAC 2-10-2 MOE 957 147706 49133 49144 GCTGACATCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 1071 147706 49281 49292 GCTGACATCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 1071 398168 49742 49753 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 401401 49791 49804 AACTGGGTTAAGTA 2-10-2 MOE 958 147689 49936 49947 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 401402 50192 50205 TGAACACGCTATCC 2-10-2 MOE 959 398117 50241 50254 TTTCCACTTGGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 960 147736 50582 50593 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398168 50703 50714 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 398168 50849 50860 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147746 51019 51030 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147708 51101 51112 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147746 51178 51189 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147708 51247 51258 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147083 51281 51292 TACACCAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 973 147081 51287 51298 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147082 51288 51299 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147746 51331 51342 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147085 51416 51427 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147083 51427 51438 TACACCAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 973 147081 51433 51444 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147082 51434 51445 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147728 51522 51533 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147085 51562 51573 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147081 51633 51644 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368360 51633 51646 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 51634 51645 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368361 51635 51648 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 962 368360 51779 51792 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 51780 51791 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147736 51859 51870 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147684 51867 51878 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 147746 51918 51929 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147077 51988 51999 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147746 52064 52075 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147084 52125 52136 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147079 52136 52147 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147681 52231 52242 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147084 52271 52282 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147691 52312 52323 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 401403 52318 52331 TTTCCTAGGAGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 967 398167 52527 52538 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147703 52670 52681 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 398167 52673 52684 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398165 52708 52719 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 398090 52708 52721 TTGTTCTTAGGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 972 147705 52716 52727 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147682 52717 52728 CGGGTACTATGG 1-10-1 MOE 992 398167 52762 52773 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147703 52816 52827 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 398090 52854 52867 TTGTTCTTAGGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 972 147704 52856 52867 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 52862 52873 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 398167 52908 52919 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147084 53704 53715 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147088 53708 53719 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147083 53849 53860 TACACCAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 973 147084 53850 53861 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147086 53852 53863 CTCTACACCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 969 147088 53854 53865 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 398167 53870 53881 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147703 54137 54148 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 398155 54172 54185 TGTTTTTACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 970 390030 54263 54274 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147705 54275 54286 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147703 54283 54294 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 390030 54409 54420 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147704 54965 54976 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 54971 54982 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 398090 55109 55122 TTGTTCTTAGGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 972 147705 55117 55128 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147083 55206 55217 TACACCAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 973 147084 55207 55218 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147084 55353 55364 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147705 55524 55535 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147685 55602 55613 GGCTGACATTCA 1-10-1 MOE 975 401404 55638 55651 TGAGCTACAGTAGG 2-10-2 MOE 974 147685 55748 55759 GGCTGACATTCA 1-10-1 MOE 975 147712 55819 55830 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147712 55965 55976 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147707 56300 56311 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147708 56306 56317 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 390030 56321 56332 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147709 56326 56337 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 398091 56333 56346 GGGCTTCTTCCATT 2-10-2 MOE 979 401405 56408 56421 TGGTCAACTGAAAG 2-10-2 MOE 976 147707 56446 56457 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147708 56452 56463 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147709 56472 56483 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 398091 56479 56492 GGGCTTCTTCCATT 2-10-2 MOE 979 401406 56570 56583 GGTGTGGATAACAG 2-10-2 MOE 980 368366 56664 56677 CTGATCCTTAGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 1019 398148 57157 57170 TCATAACTATTAAG 2-10-2 MOE 981 147082 57220 57231 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 398148 57303 57316 TCATAACTATTAAG 2-10-2 MOE 981 147082 57366 57377 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147743 57758 57769 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 398093 57963 57976 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398093 58109 58122 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 147735 58279 58290 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147087 58821 58832 CCTCTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 982 147087 58967 58978 CCTCTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 982 390030 59180 59191 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 59326 59337 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147711 59357 59368 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147743 59382 59393 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147711 59503 59514 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147711 59675 59686 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 401407 59710 59723 CAGCTTAGGCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 983 147712 59711 59722 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147713 59716 59727 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 147714 59721 59732 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147695 59722 59733 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147715 59746 59757 GTTGAGCATGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1077 147711 59821 59832 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 390030 59847 59858 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147712 59857 59868 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147713 59862 59873 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 147714 59867 59878 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 390030 59993 60004 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 389949 60471 60482 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147746 60619 60630 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147689 61113 61124 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 398105 61267 61280 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147680 61473 61484 GTATGCACTGCT 1-10-1 MOE 988 147080 61757 61768 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147078 61901 61912 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 61902 61913 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147088 62215 62226 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 401408 62600 62613 CAATGAAGCACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 989 147688 62843 62854 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147746 63102 63113 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 63248 63259 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 401409 63430 63443 ATTCTTAACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 991 147682 63483 63494 CGGGTACTATGG 1-10-1 MOE 992 147084 63677 63688 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147710 64847 64858 TATAGCTCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 994 147710 64993 65004 TATAGCTCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 994 147746 65151 65162 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 401410 65263 65276 CATTTAGGGTCTAA 2-10-2 MOE 995 147717 65862 65873 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 65895 65906 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147708 65900 65911 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147718 65909 65920 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147717 66008 66019 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 66041 66052 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147708 66046 66057 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147718 66055 66066 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 401411 66123 66136 AGCCGCCTGAAGTG 2-10-2 MOE 999 147697 66497 66508 CCCCAGCAGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1000 368377 66562 66577 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147077 66563 66574 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368358 66563 66576 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 147078 66564 66575 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 66565 66576 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 66566 66577 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147697 66643 66654 CCCCAGCAGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1000 368358 66709 66722 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 147078 66710 66721 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 66711 66722 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147075 66999 67010 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 147705 67067 67078 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147088 67409 67420 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147080 67430 67441 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147082 67432 67443 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147737 67455 67466 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147088 67555 67566 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147082 67578 67589 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 401412 67637 67650 TAAATCCTCTAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1003 147091 67729 67740 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147742 67737 67748 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147712 68527 68538 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147712 68673 68684 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147711 68760 68771 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147711 68906 68917 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 389965 69271 69282 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389965 69417 69428 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 368353 69519 69532 CACTGATCCTGCAC 2-10-2 MOE 1007 147080 69630 69641 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 69631 69642 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368353 69665 69678 CACTGATCCTGCAC 2-10-2 MOE 1007 398167 69757 69768 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 69758 69771 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 398093 69811 69824 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398168 69813 69824 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 398167 69903 69914 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398093 69957 69970 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398094 70047 70060 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 398095 70065 70078 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 147704 70137 70148 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147728 70450 70461 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398164 70464 70475 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 398096 70562 70575 GGAGAAGCGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1015 147735 70564 70575 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147737 70575 70586 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147735 70710 70721 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147737 70721 70732 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 404131 70729 70742 ACCTTCGATCACAG 2-10-2 MOE 831 368349 70762 70775 CTGCACTGACGAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1017 389965 70930 70941 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 368366 70995 71008 CTGATCCTTAGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 1019 368354 70999 71012 TCCACTGATCCTGC 2-10-2 MOE 1024 368375 71000 71015 CCTTCCACTGATCC 3-10-3 MOE 1020 TG 368356 71001 71014 CTTCCACTGATCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1027 368376 71001 71016 TCCTTCCACTGATC 3-10-3 MOE 1028 CT 368357 71002 71015 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 368377 71002 71017 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147077 71003 71014 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368358 71003 71016 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 368378 71003 71018 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 3-10-3 MOE 1032 TC 147078 71004 71015 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 368359 71005 71018 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1033 368379 71005 71020 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 3-10-3 MOE 1034 GA 147080 71006 71017 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147082 71008 71019 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 401413 71019 71032 TGCAGCCATGTACT 2-10-2 MOE 1022 147738 71067 71078 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147739 71071 71082 CGTTTGGGTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1023 147741 71129 71140 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 368354 71145 71158 TCCACTGATCCTGC 2-10-2 MOE 1024 368355 71146 71159 TTCCACTGATCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1025 147075 71147 71158 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 368356 71147 71160 CTTCCACTGATCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1027 368376 71147 71162 TCCTTCCACTGATC 3-10-3 MOE 1028 CT 147076 71148 71159 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 71148 71161 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 368377 71148 71163 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147077 71149 71160 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368358 71149 71162 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 368378 71149 71164 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 3-10-3 MOE 1032 TC 147078 71150 71161 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 368359 71151 71164 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1033 368379 71151 71166 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 3-10-3 MOE 1034 GA 368360 71153 71166 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 71154 71165 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368381 71155 71170 GGGAAAGCTCCTTC 3-10-3 MOE 1037 CA 390030 71986 71997 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 72132 72143 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147711 72300 72311 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 401414 72347 72360 TTGCAATGTCTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1038 147741 72400 72411 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 401415 72415 72428 GATTTATCTGGCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1039 147711 72446 72457 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147742 72575 72586 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147743 72690 72701 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147744 72694 72705 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 147745 72700 72711 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147742 72721 72732 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147743 72836 72847 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147744 72840 72851 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 368357 72898 72911 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147078 72900 72911 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 398157 72903 72916 GGAAACATACCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1045 368357 73044 73057 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147077 73045 73056 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147746 73052 73063 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 73101 73112 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398160 73139 73152 GAATAGGTTAAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1048 147746 73198 73209 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398161 73238 73251 AACAATGTGTTGTA 2-10-2 MOE 1049 147088 73419 73430 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 404140 73457 73470 GCACACAGCTGAGG 2-10-2 MOE 1051 404139 73459 73472 GTGCACACAGCTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1052 399301 73461 73474 GTGTGCACACAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1542 404137 73463 73476 CAGTGTGCACACAG 2-10-2 MOE 1053 404138 73465 73478 CTCAGTGTGCACAC 2-10-2 MOE 1054 147741 73705 73716 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 404135 73858 73871 CATTTCCATGGCCA 2-10-2 MOE 1056 398167 74008 74019 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 74009 74022 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 398162 74114 74127 ACCAAACAGTTCAG 2-10-2 MOE 1057 147745 74137 74148 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398167 74154 74165 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 74155 74168 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 389949 74310 74321 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147740 74485 74496 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 389950 74527 74538 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 398101 74656 74669 TTTGATAAAGCCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1064 398104 74805 74818 CAAGAAGACCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1065 147737 74893 74904 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398105 74894 74907 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147737 74919 74930 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398106 74974 74987 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 404199 75045 75058 GGTCATGCACAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 867 404134 75048 75061 TCAGGTCATGCACA 2-10-2 MOE 873 398106 75120 75133 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 147738 75155 75166 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 404132 75227 75240 CCTTGGAATGTCTG 2-10-2 MOE 852 147738 75301 75312 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 398166 75499 75510 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147746 75617 75628 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147706 75686 75697 GCTGACATCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 1071 398112 75730 75743 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 147746 75763 75774 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398115 75786 75799 AGTAAATATTGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1076 390030 75839 75850 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398114 75916 75929 AGGCATATAGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1075 398115 75932 75945 AGTAAATATTGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1076 404133 75968 75981 TATTCCATGGCCAT 2-10-2 MOE 872 147715 77045 77056 GTTGAGCATGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1077 147715 77190 77201 GTTGAGCATGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1077 147693 77385 77396 GTGCGCTCCCAT 1-10-1 MOE 1078 398173 40201 40212 CAGCCTGGGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1543 398173 72764 72775 CAGCCTGGGCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1543 399096 1986 1999 TGCTCGAACTCCTT 2-10-2 MOE 1544 399102 52822 52835 GAAGTCACTGGCTT 2-10-2 MOE 1545 399103 52824 52837 GGGAAGTCACTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1546 399113 59827 59840 GTTAGGCAAAGGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1547 399132 69977 69990 GGGCTGAGTGACCC 2-10-2 MOE 1548 399173 74592 74605 ATGCTAGTGCACTA 2-10-2 MOE 1549 399208 75900 75913 AGCTCGCTACCTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1550 399276 27559 27572 GAGGTATCCCATCT 2-10-2 MOE 1551 399315 74039 74052 GGCAACTTCAACCT 2-10-2 MOE 1552

TABLE 19 Short antisense compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 12 and having 1 or 2 mismatches 5′ 3′ Seq ISIS Target Target Sequence Gapmer ID NO. Site Site (5′-3′) Motif NO 398163 20 31 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 384545 23 34 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147733 26 37 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147721 59 70 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147700 110 121 GCGCTAGGCCGC 1-10-1 MOE 1110 384545 130 141 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147705 159 170 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147701 167 178 CCATGGCGGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 921 398164 198 209 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147730 199 210 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147702 226 237 CTGGTAAATAGC 1-10-1 MOE 898 147703 245 256 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 147705 266 277 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 398165 283 294 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147704 285 296 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 291 302 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147709 311 322 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147733 349 360 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147707 360 371 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147708 366 377 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 390030 381 392 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147709 386 397 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147081 393 404 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 398091 393 406 GGGCTTCTTCCATT 2-10-2 MOE 979 398166 395 406 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147712 461 472 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147713 466 477 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 147714 471 482 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147710 502 513 TATAGCTCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 994 147736 551 562 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147717 574 585 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 607 618 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147710 609 620 TATAGCTCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 994 147708 612 623 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147718 621 632 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147746 625 636 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147736 658 669 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147720 676 687 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147721 683 694 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 398167 704 715 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 705 718 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 147722 709 720 AAAGTCAGGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1130 147723 715 726 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147746 733 744 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398093 758 771 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398168 760 771 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147725 761 772 CTCGGACTTTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1119 147726 766 777 TGACTCTCGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1120 147738 780 791 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147727 807 818 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147728 846 857 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398094 848 861 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 398169 849 860 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 147729 863 874 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 398095 866 879 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 398164 873 884 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147730 874 885 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147731 880 891 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147732 885 896 GGGTCTTTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 1122 147738 888 899 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147733 906 917 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 398096 971 984 GGAGAAGCGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1015 147735 973 984 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147736 978 989 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147729 979 990 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147737 984 995 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 368349 1025 1038 CTGCACTGACGAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1017 368369 1025 1040 TCCTGCACTGACGA 3-10-3 MOE 893 GT 368350 1027 1040 TCCTGCACTGACGA 2-10-2 MOE 1079 368370 1027 1042 GATCCTGCACTGAC 3-10-3 MOE 1080 GA 368351 1029 1042 GATCCTGCACTGAC 2-10-2 MOE 1081 368371 1029 1044 CTGATCCTGCACTG 3-10-3 MOE 1082 AC 368352 1031 1044 CTGATCCTGCACTG 2-10-2 MOE 1105 368372 1031 1046 CACTGATCCTGCAC 3-10-3 MOE 894 TG 368353 1033 1046 CACTGATCCTGCAC 2-10-2 MOE 1007 368373 1033 1048 TCCACTGATCCTGC 3-10-3 MOE 1083 AC 368354 1035 1048 TCCACTGATCCTGC 2-10-2 MOE 1024 368368 1035 1048 TCCACTGATCCTTA 2-10-2 MOE 1127 368374 1035 1050 CTTCCACTGATCCT 3-10-3 MOE 1126 GC 368388 1035 1050 CTTCCACTGATCCT 3-10-3 MOE 895 TA 147074 1036 1047 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 368355 1036 1049 TTCCACTGATCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1025 368375 1036 1051 CCTTCCACTGATCC 3-10-3 MOE 1020 TG 147075 1037 1048 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 368356 1037 1050 CTTCCACTGATCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1027 368376 1037 1052 TCCTTCCACTGATC 3-10-3 MOE 1028 CT 147076 1038 1049 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 1038 1051 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 368377 1038 1053 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147077 1039 1050 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368358 1039 1052 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 368378 1039 1054 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 3-10-3 MOE 1032 TC 147078 1040 1051 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 1041 1052 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 368359 1041 1054 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1033 368379 1041 1056 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 3-10-3 MOE 1034 GA 147080 1042 1053 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 1043 1054 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368360 1043 1056 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 368380 1043 1058 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 3-10-3 MOE 896 CT 147082 1044 1055 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368361 1045 1058 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 962 368381 1045 1060 GGGAAAGCTCCTTC 3-10-3 MOE 1037 CA 147729 1087 1098 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147738 1103 1114 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147739 1107 1118 CGTTTGGGTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1023 147740 1124 1135 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 398117 1164 1177 TTTCCACTTGGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 960 147741 1165 1176 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398097 1194 1207 GGCAGTCTTTATCC 2-10-2 MOE 897 398098 1272 1285 TAACTTCAGTGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1131 398117 1272 1285 TTTCCACTTGGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 960 147742 1273 1284 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147698 1293 1304 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147743 1388 1399 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 398099 1388 1401 GAAGGGCTTCCAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1132 147744 1392 1403 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 398100 1395 1408 TGACCAGGAAGGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1133 147745 1398 1409 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398157 1455 1468 GGAAACATACCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1045 147745 1458 1469 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398167 1475 1486 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398118 1564 1577 CGCGAGATATCTAA 2-10-2 MOE 1084 147697 1575 1586 CCCCAGCAGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1000 147076 1596 1607 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 1596 1609 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147077 1597 1608 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147078 1598 1609 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 398118 1672 1685 CGCGAGATATCTAA 2-10-2 MOE 1084 398158 1681 1694 AGGCCCTGAGATTA 2-10-2 MOE 1134 147697 1683 1694 CCCCAGCAGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1000 398159 1686 1699 GGTTAAGGCCCTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1135 398160 1691 1704 GAATAGGTTAAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1048 398163 1711 1722 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 147733 1717 1728 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147089 1747 1758 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147090 1748 1759 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 147746 1750 1761 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 389949 1777 1788 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 398161 1790 1803 AACAATGTGTTGTA 2-10-2 MOE 1049 147746 1799 1810 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147700 1801 1812 GCGCTAGGCCGC 1-10-1 MOE 1110 147740 1806 1817 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 398163 1819 1830 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 147733 1825 1836 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 389950 1848 1859 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 147701 1858 1869 CCATGGCGGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 921 398164 1889 1900 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147730 1890 1901 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147700 1909 1920 GCGCTAGGCCGC 1-10-1 MOE 1110 398119 1920 1933 CGCACCTGGTAAAT 2-10-2 MOE 1085 147685 1957 1968 GGCTGACATTCA 1-10-1 MOE 975 147701 1966 1977 CCATGGCGGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 921 398120 1966 1979 GTTCAAGCGGCCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1086 398101 1977 1990 TTTGATAAAGCCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1064 398164 1997 2008 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147730 1998 2009 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147702 2025 2036 CTGGTAAATAGC 1-10-1 MOE 898 398119 2028 2041 CGCACCTGGTAAAT 2-10-2 MOE 1085 398120 2074 2087 GTTCAAGCGGCCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1086 398105 2099 2112 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147736 2204 2215 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147741 2257 2268 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398104 2272 2285 CAAGAAGACCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1065 147737 2360 2371 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398105 2361 2374 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147737 2386 2397 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398095 2407 2420 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 398106 2441 2454 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 398107 2447 2460 TATTCCTGGAAAAC 2-10-2 MOE 902 398121 2474 2487 GTGCCTAGCACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1097 147745 2497 2508 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147712 2499 2510 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 398108 2544 2557 GGAATGTCTGAGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1136 147691 2575 2586 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398121 2582 2595 GTGCCTAGCACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1097 147738 2622 2633 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 398162 2666 2679 ACCAAACAGTTCAG 2-10-2 MOE 1057 147745 2689 2700 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398167 2706 2717 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 2707 2720 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 398109 2714 2727 CAAGAAGTGTGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 903 398110 2852 2865 GTTCCCTTTGCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 952 147091 2854 2865 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147723 2924 2935 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 398111 2937 2950 GTGAAAATGCTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 904 398166 2966 2977 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147089 2978 2989 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147090 2979 2990 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 147706 3007 3018 GCTGACATCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 1071 389949 3008 3019 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147723 3032 3043 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147740 3037 3048 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 398112 3051 3064 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 389950 3079 3090 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 147746 3084 3095 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398122 3148 3161 CCCTTTACACAAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1087 147089 3151 3162 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147090 3152 3163 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 398113 3160 3173 AGGAGGTTAAACCA 2-10-2 MOE 905 147685 3188 3199 GGCTGACATTCA 1-10-1 MOE 975 398101 3208 3221 TTTGATAAAGCCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1064 398102 3234 3247 CTACCTGAGGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 899 398123 3235 3248 CTCAAAATAGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 1088 398114 3237 3250 AGGCATATAGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1075 398103 3241 3254 CCCAGTACTACCTG 2-10-2 MOE 900 398115 3253 3266 AGTAAATATTGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1076 398122 3256 3269 CCCTTTACACAAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1087 147089 3259 3270 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147090 3260 3271 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 398116 3266 3279 TAATGACCTGATGA 2-10-2 MOE 1137 390030 3306 3317 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398123 3343 3356 CTCAAAATAGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 1088 147736 3435 3446 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398104 3503 3516 CAAGAAGACCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1065 147737 3591 3602 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398105 3592 3605 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147719 3608 3619 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147737 3617 3628 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 401398 3621 3634 CAAAGTCCCTTAGC 2-10-2 MOE 947 147079 3637 3648 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 3638 3649 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 398095 3638 3651 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 398106 3672 3685 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 147733 3687 3698 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147731 3688 3699 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147719 3716 3727 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147745 3728 3739 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147683 3740 3751 GCTTACGATTGT 1-10-1 MOE 922 147079 3745 3756 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 3746 3757 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 398108 3775 3788 GGAATGTCTGAGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1136 147733 3795 3806 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147731 3796 3807 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147691 3806 3817 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147738 3853 3864 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 398167 3926 3937 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147691 3978 3989 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398167 4034 4045 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147091 4085 4096 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147691 4086 4097 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398111 4168 4181 GTGAAAATGCTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 904 398166 4197 4208 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147091 4223 4234 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147092 4224 4235 TGTTCCCTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 901 398112 4282 4295 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 147746 4315 4326 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398113 4391 4404 AGGAGGTTAAACCA 2-10-2 MOE 905 147723 4422 4433 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 398114 4468 4481 AGGCATATAGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1075 398115 4484 4497 AGTAAATATTGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1076 390030 4491 4502 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398116 4497 4510 TAATGACCTGATGA 2-10-2 MOE 1137 147723 4530 4541 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 390030 4599 4610 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398124 4761 4774 CACATGAGCTATTC 2-10-2 MOE 1089 398124 4869 4882 CACATGAGCTATTC 2-10-2 MOE 1089 147703 4926 4937 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 147692 4928 4939 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147696 4975 4986 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147703 5034 5045 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 147692 5036 5047 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147098 5173 5184 AGTTGTTGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 1112 398125 5183 5196 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 398126 5216 5229 GTGAAGTGAGTCAT 2-10-2 MOE 1090 147098 5281 5292 AGTTGTTGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 1112 398127 5283 5296 GGTCACTCAAGATG 2-10-2 MOE 1091 398126 5324 5337 GTGAAGTGAGTCAT 2-10-2 MOE 1090 398128 5335 5348 CTAAATTTAGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 911 398127 5391 5404 GGTCACTCAAGATG 2-10-2 MOE 1091 398128 5443 5456 CTAAATTTAGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 911 147712 5474 5485 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147736 5600 5611 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147746 5606 5617 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398129 5628 5641 TTTGAGGAGCTATT 2-10-2 MOE 1106 147085 5654 5665 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147736 5708 5719 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398129 5736 5749 TTTGAGGAGCTATT 2-10-2 MOE 1106 147679 5934 5945 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 147723 6229 6240 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147723 6338 6349 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 390030 6803 6814 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398142 6885 6898 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 390030 6912 6923 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398142 6994 7007 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147695 7054 7065 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147695 7163 7174 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 398166 7197 7208 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 398166 7306 7317 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147684 7442 7453 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 398130 7694 7707 TTAGTATGACAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 925 398131 7711 7724 GGACTCACTCAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1092 398130 7802 7815 TTAGTATGACAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 925 398125 7804 7817 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 398131 7819 7832 GGACTCACTCAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1092 390030 7877 7888 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398125 7912 7925 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 390030 7985 7996 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398132 8031 8044 TCAGGGCTACTCAT 2-10-2 MOE 1093 398132 8139 8152 TCAGGGCTACTCAT 2-10-2 MOE 1093 147684 8148 8159 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 147684 8256 8267 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 398163 8365 8376 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 398166 8447 8458 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 398163 8473 8484 ATGTCAACCGGC 1-10-1 MOE 908 398166 8555 8566 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147718 8631 8642 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147691 8698 8709 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147691 8806 8817 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147728 8835 8846 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147727 8876 8887 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147728 8943 8954 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398169 8946 8957 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 147727 8984 8995 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147742 9060 9071 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 398133 9112 9125 CAGCACTAGATTCA 2-10-2 MOE 1094 384545 9135 9146 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147742 9168 9179 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 398133 9220 9233 CAGCACTAGATTCA 2-10-2 MOE 1094 384545 9243 9254 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 398125 9368 9381 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 398125 9476 9489 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 401409 9516 9529 ATTCTTAACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 991 147096 9594 9605 TTGTTGTTCCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1107 147733 9597 9608 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147720 9689 9700 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147096 9702 9713 TTGTTGTTCCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1107 147733 9705 9716 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147720 9797 9808 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147746 9963 9974 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 9966 9977 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 9969 9980 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 9991 10002 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 10071 10082 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 10074 10085 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 10077 10088 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 10099 10110 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398134 10153 10166 TAGCTTAATGTAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1095 147085 10221 10232 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 398134 10261 10274 TAGCTTAATGTAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1095 390030 10278 10289 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147084 10328 10339 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147711 10684 10695 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 398128 11333 11346 CTAAATTTAGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 911 398128 11340 11353 CTAAATTTAGTTCA 2-10-2 MOE 911 147730 11783 11794 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147731 11789 11800 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147730 11790 11801 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147731 11796 11807 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147707 11960 11971 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147090 12008 12019 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 147091 12009 12020 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147091 12014 12025 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 398096 12141 12154 GGAGAAGCGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1015 147735 12143 12154 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 398096 12146 12159 GGAGAAGCGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1015 147735 12148 12159 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 398166 12209 12220 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 398166 12214 12225 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 398135 12303 12316 GACTACATTTTACA 2-10-2 MOE 912 147741 12389 12400 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 147741 12394 12405 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398125 12431 12444 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 147714 12585 12596 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147718 12594 12605 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 398125 12612 12625 CAGTAAGGAATTTT 2-10-2 MOE 913 147737 12803 12814 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147746 12876 12887 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147691 12900 12911 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398136 12915 12928 TTGTGACATCTAGG 2-10-2 MOE 1096 147737 12984 12995 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147746 13057 13068 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147691 13081 13092 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398136 13096 13109 TTGTGACATCTAGG 2-10-2 MOE 1096 398138 13254 13267 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 398138 13435 13448 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 147691 13488 13499 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147681 13659 13670 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147691 13669 13680 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 389965 13839 13850 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 13839 13850 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 147681 13840 13851 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 389965 14020 14031 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 14020 14031 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 389948 14067 14078 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 147736 14123 14134 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 389948 14248 14259 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 147738 14279 14290 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147736 14304 14315 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147731 14411 14422 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147738 14461 14472 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147692 14475 14486 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147731 14593 14604 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 389950 14614 14625 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 147692 14657 14668 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147717 14750 14761 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147698 14754 14765 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 389950 14796 14807 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 398112 14863 14876 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 398121 14875 14888 GTGCCTAGCACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1097 147717 14932 14943 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 398112 15045 15058 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 398121 15057 15070 GTGCCTAGCACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1097 147730 15117 15128 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147730 15299 15310 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 401407 15339 15352 CAGCTTAGGCAGAG 2-10-2 MOE 983 398167 15556 15567 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147736 16444 16455 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147746 16510 16521 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147738 16590 16601 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147736 16610 16621 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398167 16631 16642 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 401411 16657 16670 AGCCGCCTGAAGTG 2-10-2 MOE 999 147746 16676 16687 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398144 16745 16758 GACAGCTTCTATAA 2-10-2 MOE 916 147738 16756 16767 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 398167 16797 16808 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398144 16911 16924 GACAGCTTCTATAA 2-10-2 MOE 916 389965 17096 17107 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 17096 17107 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 389965 17264 17275 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 17264 17275 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 147709 17406 17417 CCATTTTTATCA 1-10-1 MOE 978 147745 17443 17454 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147746 17497 17508 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147720 17589 17600 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147745 17611 17622 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147695 17634 17645 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147746 17665 17676 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147088 17707 17718 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 147720 17757 17768 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147711 17808 17819 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147711 17976 17987 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 398139 18049 18062 AGTGACTGACCACA 2-10-2 MOE 917 398139 18217 18230 AGTGACTGACCACA 2-10-2 MOE 917 398140 18596 18609 GTAGCATAGAGCCT 2-10-2 MOE 918 398140 18764 18777 GTAGCATAGAGCCT 2-10-2 MOE 918 398167 18927 18938 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398167 19095 19106 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147724 19147 19158 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147746 19207 19218 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147724 19315 19326 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147740 19348 19359 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 147746 19375 19386 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147729 19386 19397 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147701 19503 19514 CCATGGCGGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 921 147711 19508 19519 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147740 19516 19527 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 147718 19617 19628 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 390030 19618 19629 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147679 19635 19646 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 147711 19676 19687 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147694 19747 19758 CAGCCTACCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1098 147718 19785 19796 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 390030 19786 19797 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147679 19803 19814 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 147698 19852 19863 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147694 19915 19926 CAGCCTACCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1098 147704 20011 20022 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147698 20020 20031 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 398142 20485 20498 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147078 20514 20525 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 20515 20526 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 20516 20527 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 398143 20561 20574 GTCAGTCCCAGCTA 2-10-2 MOE 924 389965 20620 20631 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 20620 20631 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 398142 20653 20666 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147078 20682 20693 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 20683 20694 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 20684 20695 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147080 20704 20715 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 20705 20716 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 398143 20729 20742 GTCAGTCCCAGCTA 2-10-2 MOE 924 389965 20788 20799 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 20788 20799 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 147746 20870 20881 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147080 20872 20883 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 20873 20884 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147746 21038 21049 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147717 21080 21091 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147076 21222 21233 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 147076 21390 21401 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 398094 21441 21454 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 147746 21465 21476 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398094 21609 21622 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 398169 21610 21621 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 147746 21633 21644 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147738 21884 21895 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147743 22045 22056 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147738 22052 22063 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147683 22107 22118 GCTTACGATTGT 1-10-1 MOE 922 147743 22213 22224 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147681 22566 22577 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 389950 22619 22630 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 147681 22734 22745 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147736 22759 22770 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 389950 22787 22798 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 389949 22794 22805 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147736 22927 22938 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 389949 22962 22973 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 398144 22962 22975 GACAGCTTCTATAA 2-10-2 MOE 916 398142 23008 23021 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147727 23019 23030 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 398169 23064 23075 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 398144 23130 23143 GACAGCTTCTATAA 2-10-2 MOE 916 398145 23154 23167 ACATGTCAGTAATT 2-10-2 MOE 1099 398142 23176 23189 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147727 23187 23198 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147735 23243 23254 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 398145 23322 23335 ACATGTCAGTAATT 2-10-2 MOE 1099 147735 23411 23422 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 398146 23478 23491 CTCATGGACACAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1100 398146 23646 23659 CTCATGGACACAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1100 398147 23784 23797 CTACAGGACAATAC 2-10-2 MOE 957 398114 23853 23866 AGGCATATAGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1075 398147 23952 23965 CTACAGGACAATAC 2-10-2 MOE 957 398114 24021 24034 AGGCATATAGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1075 147702 24319 24330 CTGGTAAATAGC 1-10-1 MOE 898 147702 24487 24498 CTGGTAAATAGC 1-10-1 MOE 898 389965 24543 24554 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 24543 24554 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 147713 24602 24613 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 389965 24711 24722 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 24711 24722 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 147684 24918 24929 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 147684 25086 25097 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 398148 25152 25165 TCATAACTATTAAG 2-10-2 MOE 981 398144 25192 25205 GACAGCTTCTATAA 2-10-2 MOE 916 147746 25216 25227 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147736 25313 25324 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398148 25320 25333 TCATAACTATTAAG 2-10-2 MOE 981 398143 25337 25350 GTCAGTCCCAGCTA 2-10-2 MOE 924 398144 25360 25373 GACAGCTTCTATAA 2-10-2 MOE 916 147746 25384 25395 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147691 25442 25453 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147736 25481 25492 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398130 25504 25517 TTAGTATGACAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 925 147691 25610 25621 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147721 25662 25673 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 398130 25672 25685 TTAGTATGACAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 925 147688 25750 25761 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147746 25810 25821 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147721 25830 25841 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147688 25918 25929 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147746 25978 25989 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 26172 26183 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 26340 26351 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398149 26492 26505 GGAAGTTTTCAAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1101 398150 26526 26539 GAATCTGGAGGTAA 2-10-2 MOE 1102 398149 26641 26654 GGAAGTTTTCAAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1101 398150 26675 26688 GAATCTGGAGGTAA 2-10-2 MOE 1102 147729 26712 26723 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 398151 26718 26731 TCAGTGTAGGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 926 147729 26861 26872 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 398151 26867 26880 TCAGTGTAGGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 926 147728 26917 26928 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147728 27066 27077 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147076 27258 27269 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 147731 27267 27278 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147076 27407 27418 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 147731 27416 27427 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 398152 27559 27572 TGAATATACAGATG 2-10-2 MOE 927 398152 27708 27721 TGAATATACAGATG 2-10-2 MOE 927 147696 28265 28276 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147696 28414 28425 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147698 28481 28492 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147720 28662 28673 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 389965 28714 28725 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 28714 28725 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 389965 28861 28872 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 28861 28872 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 398153 28980 28993 ATTTCTCTTACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 948 398153 29126 29139 ATTTCTCTTACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 948 147719 29570 29581 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 398154 29692 29705 AGCCCCTTGGCCGT 2-10-2 MOE 1103 147719 29715 29726 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 398155 29785 29798 TGTTTTTACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 970 398154 29837 29850 AGCCCCTTGGCCGT 2-10-2 MOE 1103 401384 29905 29918 TGAACACATCACTA 2-10-2 MOE 933 398155 29930 29943 TGTTTTTACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 970 390030 29945 29956 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 30090 30101 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398156 30141 30154 GAATACTTCAAATC 2-10-2 MOE 1104 398156 30286 30299 GAATACTTCAAATC 2-10-2 MOE 1104 389948 30384 30395 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 389948 30530 30541 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 398142 30591 30604 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147744 30654 30665 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 147093 30689 30700 TTGTTCCCTCTA 1-10-1 MOE 929 398142 30738 30751 CCAGCACACTGGAA 2-10-2 MOE 923 147744 30801 30812 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 398168 31082 31093 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147746 31105 31116 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398168 31230 31241 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 390030 31329 31340 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147736 31458 31469 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 390030 31477 31488 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147736 31606 31617 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147698 31713 31724 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 384545 31829 31840 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147698 31861 31872 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147723 31941 31952 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 384545 31977 31988 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147692 32061 32072 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147723 32089 32100 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147692 32209 32220 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147089 32535 32546 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 401396 32569 32582 TGCAGGATGTTGAG 2-10-2 MOE 945 147730 32714 32725 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 398165 32854 32865 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147730 32862 32873 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 389950 32949 32960 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 398165 33002 33013 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147736 33012 33023 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 368352 33056 33069 CTGATCCTGCACTG 2-10-2 MOE 1105 147081 33073 33084 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368360 33073 33086 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 33074 33085 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 389950 33097 33108 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 147736 33160 33171 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 368352 33204 33217 CTGATCCTGCACTG 2-10-2 MOE 1105 147081 33221 33232 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147082 33222 33233 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 398138 33244 33257 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 147746 33250 33261 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398138 33392 33405 AACATCAAGCTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 931 147746 33398 33409 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147732 33652 33663 GGGTCTTTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 1122 147724 33733 33744 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147732 33800 33811 GGGTCTTTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 1122 147724 33881 33892 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147719 33976 33987 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147746 34034 34045 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398129 34045 34058 TTTGAGGAGCTATT 2-10-2 MOE 1106 147719 34124 34135 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147721 34156 34167 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 398129 34193 34206 TTTGAGGAGCTATT 2-10-2 MOE 1106 147721 34304 34315 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147746 34606 34617 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398165 34704 34715 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147746 34754 34765 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398165 34852 34863 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147717 34893 34904 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147719 34976 34987 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147092 34987 34998 TGTTCCCTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 901 147719 35124 35135 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147092 35135 35146 TGTTCCCTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 901 147736 35248 35259 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147738 35391 35402 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147736 35396 35407 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147738 35539 35550 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147691 35554 35565 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147691 35702 35713 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147746 35814 35825 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147733 35889 35900 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147733 35923 35934 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147746 35962 35973 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147726 35978 35989 TGACTCTCGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1120 147733 36037 36048 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147733 36071 36082 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147726 36126 36137 TGACTCTCGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1120 147736 36359 36370 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147691 36360 36371 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147736 36507 36518 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147691 36508 36519 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147746 36564 36575 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147723 36575 36586 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147731 36620 36631 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147723 36723 36734 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147731 36768 36779 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 398169 37174 37185 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 147688 37380 37391 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147688 37528 37539 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147714 37881 37892 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147714 38029 38040 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147681 38364 38375 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147736 38766 38777 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147738 38909 38920 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147736 38914 38925 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147738 39057 39068 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 390030 39249 39260 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 39397 39408 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147717 39545 39556 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 39693 39704 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147746 39729 39740 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 39789 39800 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147691 39829 39840 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147746 39877 39888 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147691 39977 39988 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147727 39983 39994 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147727 40131 40142 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147746 40333 40344 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147719 40457 40468 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147679 40467 40478 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 147746 40478 40489 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147741 40565 40576 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398166 40589 40600 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147719 40605 40616 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147679 40615 40626 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 147746 40626 40637 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147735 40662 40673 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147746 40706 40717 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147741 40713 40724 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398166 40737 40748 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147735 40810 40821 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147746 40854 40865 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147718 41218 41229 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147717 41221 41232 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 41369 41380 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147723 41627 41638 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147717 41747 41758 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147723 41775 41786 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 390030 41908 41919 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 390030 42056 42067 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398153 42157 42170 ATTTCTCTTACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 948 398153 42305 42318 ATTTCTCTTACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 948 147690 42423 42434 TGAAGTTAATTC 1-10-1 MOE 1138 147695 42521 42532 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147710 42543 42554 TATAGCTCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 994 147690 42571 42582 TGAAGTTAATTC 1-10-1 MOE 1138 147695 42669 42680 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147078 43321 43332 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 43322 43333 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147716 43329 43340 TTAACGAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 949 147078 43469 43480 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 43470 43481 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 43471 43482 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 398102 43837 43850 CTACCTGAGGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 899 147074 43848 43859 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 401408 43871 43884 CAATGAAGCACAGG 2-10-2 MOE 989 398102 43985 43998 CTACCTGAGGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 899 147736 44137 44148 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147746 44140 44151 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147687 44206 44217 CGACACGGGAAC 1-10-1 MOE 950 147743 44223 44234 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 384545 44242 44253 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147736 44285 44296 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147743 44371 44382 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 384545 44390 44401 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147728 44589 44600 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 389948 44628 44639 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 147720 44703 44714 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147728 44729 44740 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147728 44737 44748 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 389948 44776 44787 CCGTTGGACCCC 1-10-1 MOE 915 147720 44851 44862 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 398110 44861 44874 GTTCCCTTTGCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 952 147728 44877 44888 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147705 45092 45103 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147705 45240 45251 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147681 45337 45348 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147681 45485 45496 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147096 45660 45671 TTGTTGTTCCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1107 147096 45808 45819 TTGTTGTTCCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1107 368368 45976 45989 TCCACTGATCCTTA 2-10-2 MOE 1127 147074 45977 45988 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147075 45978 45989 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 147076 45979 45990 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368368 46124 46137 TCCACTGATCCTTA 2-10-2 MOE 1127 147075 46126 46137 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 147076 46127 46138 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 147705 46555 46566 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147714 46685 46696 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147705 46703 46714 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147714 46833 46844 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 390030 47007 47018 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147746 47023 47034 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 47171 47182 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147085 47607 47618 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147746 47609 47620 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147089 47611 47622 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147091 47613 47624 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 401384 47689 47702 TGAACACATCACTA 2-10-2 MOE 933 147691 47729 47740 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147085 47755 47766 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147087 47757 47768 CCTCTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 982 147090 47760 47771 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 147091 47761 47772 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147099 47770 47781 GAGTTGTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1108 147100 47771 47782 CGAGTTGTTGTT 1-10-1 MOE 1109 390030 47847 47858 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147691 47877 47888 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147099 47918 47929 GAGTTGTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1108 147100 47919 47930 CGAGTTGTTGTT 1-10-1 MOE 1109 390030 47995 48006 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147074 48222 48233 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147731 48340 48351 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147691 48393 48404 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147731 48488 48499 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147691 48541 48552 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398147 48887 48900 CTACAGGACAATAC 2-10-2 MOE 957 398147 49035 49048 CTACAGGACAATAC 2-10-2 MOE 957 147074 49525 49536 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 398168 49742 49753 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 384545 49858 49869 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 398168 49890 49901 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147724 49974 49985 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 384545 50006 50017 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147689 50084 50095 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147687 50102 50113 CGACACGGGAAC 1-10-1 MOE 950 147724 50122 50133 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147687 50250 50261 CGACACGGGAAC 1-10-1 MOE 950 398117 50389 50402 TTTCCACTTGGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 960 147736 50436 50447 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147736 50582 50593 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398168 50703 50714 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 401397 50822 50835 CTGGTCAGCATTGA 2-10-2 MOE 946 147746 51019 51030 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147708 51101 51112 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147746 51165 51176 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 51185 51196 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147708 51247 51258 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147081 51287 51298 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147082 51288 51299 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147746 51324 51335 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 51331 51342 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147728 51376 51387 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147729 51406 51417 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147081 51433 51444 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147082 51434 51445 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147728 51492 51503 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147728 51522 51533 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147729 51552 51563 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 368360 51633 51646 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 51634 51645 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368361 51635 51648 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 962 147728 51638 51649 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147695 51644 51655 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147736 51713 51724 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147684 51721 51732 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 147081 51779 51790 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368360 51779 51792 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 51780 51791 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368361 51781 51794 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 962 147695 51790 51801 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147736 51859 51870 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147077 51988 51999 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147079 51990 52001 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147746 52064 52075 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147681 52085 52096 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147077 52134 52145 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147079 52136 52147 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147691 52166 52177 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147719 52252 52263 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147691 52312 52323 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147719 52398 52409 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147728 52428 52439 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147729 52483 52494 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 398167 52527 52538 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147682 52571 52582 CGGGTACTATGG 1-10-1 MOE 992 147728 52574 52585 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 147724 52615 52626 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147729 52629 52640 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147703 52670 52681 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 398167 52673 52684 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398165 52708 52719 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147704 52710 52721 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 52716 52727 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147724 52761 52772 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 398167 52762 52773 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147703 52816 52827 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 398165 52854 52865 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147704 52856 52867 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 52862 52873 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 398167 52908 52919 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147689 53063 53074 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147727 53111 53122 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147727 53158 53169 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147689 53209 53220 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147727 53257 53268 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147727 53304 53315 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147680 53638 53649 GTATGCACTGCT 1-10-1 MOE 988 147722 53650 53661 AAAGTCAGGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1130 147083 53703 53714 TACACCAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 973 147085 53705 53716 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 147086 53706 53717 CTCTACACCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 969 398167 53724 53735 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147684 53747 53758 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 147680 53784 53795 GTATGCACTGCT 1-10-1 MOE 988 147722 53796 53807 AAAGTCAGGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1130 147085 53851 53862 TCTACACCAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 961 398167 53870 53881 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147684 53893 53904 ACCCAGTCAGGG 1-10-1 MOE 964 398155 54026 54039 TGTTTTTACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 970 147703 54137 54148 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 398155 54172 54185 TGTTTTTACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 970 147705 54275 54286 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147703 54283 54294 TGGCTTCATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 971 147705 54421 54432 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147727 54853 54864 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 398165 54963 54974 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 398090 54963 54976 TTGTTCTTAGGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 972 147704 54965 54976 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 54971 54982 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147727 54999 55010 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 398165 55109 55120 GTTCTTAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 968 147704 55111 55122 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147705 55117 55128 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147083 55352 55363 TACACCAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 973 147705 55378 55389 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147705 55524 55535 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 147712 55819 55830 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147712 55965 55976 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147733 56289 56300 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147707 56300 56311 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147708 56306 56317 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 390030 56321 56332 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147081 56333 56344 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 398166 56335 56346 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147733 56435 56446 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 147707 56446 56457 TAGTCATTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 977 147708 56452 56463 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 390030 56467 56478 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147081 56479 56490 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 398091 56479 56492 GGGCTTCTTCCATT 2-10-2 MOE 979 398166 56481 56492 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 368366 56518 56531 CTGATCCTTAGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 1019 147743 57612 57623 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147700 57709 57720 GCGCTAGGCCGC 1-10-1 MOE 1110 147743 57758 57769 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147700 57855 57866 GCGCTAGGCCGC 1-10-1 MOE 1110 398093 57963 57976 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398168 57965 57976 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147698 58105 58116 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 398093 58109 58122 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398168 58111 58122 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147698 58251 58262 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147735 58279 58290 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147735 58425 58436 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 404135 58946 58959 CATTTCCATGGCCA 2-10-2 MOE 1056 390030 59326 59337 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147711 59357 59368 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147743 59382 59393 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147711 59503 59514 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147743 59528 59539 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 147695 59576 59587 TCATTCCCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 984 147713 59716 59727 CTCCCACACCAT 1-10-1 MOE 985 147714 59721 59732 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147715 59746 59757 GTTGAGCATGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1077 147716 59771 59782 TTAACGAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 949 147712 59857 59868 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147714 59867 59878 TTCTGCTCCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 986 147715 59892 59903 GTTGAGCATGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1077 147716 59917 59928 TTAACGAGCCTT 1-10-1 MOE 949 390030 59993 60004 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147690 60270 60281 TGAAGTTAATTC 1-10-1 MOE 1138 389949 60325 60336 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147690 60416 60427 TGAAGTTAATTC 1-10-1 MOE 1138 389949 60471 60482 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147746 60619 60630 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 384545 60676 60687 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147746 60765 60776 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 384545 60822 60833 CAAGTAGGATGT 1-10-1 MOE 951 147689 60967 60978 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147689 61008 61019 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147689 61049 61060 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 398105 61121 61134 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147689 61154 61165 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147689 61195 61206 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 398105 61267 61280 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147692 61365 61376 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147692 61511 61522 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147680 61619 61630 GTATGCACTGCT 1-10-1 MOE 988 147078 61755 61766 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 61756 61767 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 61757 61768 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147078 61901 61912 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 61902 61913 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 61903 61914 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147088 62361 62372 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 401384 62573 62586 TGAACACATCACTA 2-10-2 MOE 933 147688 62697 62708 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147746 63102 63113 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147721 63225 63236 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147742 63226 63237 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147746 63248 63259 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147682 63337 63348 CGGGTACTATGG 1-10-1 MOE 992 147721 63371 63382 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147742 63372 63383 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147688 63401 63412 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147097 63449 63460 GTTGTTGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1111 147098 63450 63461 AGTTGTTGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 1112 401409 63458 63471 ATTCTTAACACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 991 147084 63531 63542 CTACACCAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 993 147688 63547 63558 TCCCAAACAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 990 147097 63595 63606 GTTGTTGTTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1111 147098 63596 63607 AGTTGTTGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 1112 147721 64086 64097 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147721 64232 64243 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147692 64233 64244 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147692 64379 64390 CTCACCTTCATG 1-10-1 MOE 1113 147729 64633 64644 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 401403 64746 64759 TTTCCTAGGAGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 967 147729 64779 64790 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147746 65151 65162 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147746 65297 65308 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147689 65302 65313 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147689 65448 65459 CAGAGAAGGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 987 147717 65862 65873 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 65895 65906 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147729 66000 66011 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147717 66008 66019 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147717 66041 66052 ATCTTCAGAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 996 147708 66046 66057 TTGATATAGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 997 147718 66055 66066 TAATATGACTTG 1-10-1 MOE 998 147729 66146 66157 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 147089 66236 66247 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 368363 66281 66294 CTTAGAAGGCAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1114 147727 66293 66304 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147093 66319 66330 TTGTTCCCTCTA 1-10-1 MOE 929 147094 66320 66331 GTTGTTCCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 1115 147089 66382 66393 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 368363 66427 66440 CTTAGAAGGCAGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1114 147727 66439 66450 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147719 66441 66452 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147093 66465 66476 TTGTTCCCTCTA 1-10-1 MOE 929 147094 66466 66477 GTTGTTCCCTCT 1-10-1 MOE 1115 147075 66561 66572 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 368357 66562 66575 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147076 66562 66573 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368377 66562 66577 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147077 66563 66574 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368358 66563 66576 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 147078 66564 66575 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 66565 66576 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 66566 66577 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 66567 66578 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147719 66587 66598 CCAACTCCAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1116 147075 66707 66718 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 368377 66708 66723 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147076 66708 66719 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 66708 66721 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147077 66709 66720 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147078 66710 66721 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147079 66711 66722 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 66712 66723 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 66713 66724 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147089 66842 66853 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147089 66988 66999 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147075 66999 67010 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 147075 67145 67156 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 147705 67213 67224 CGGTTTTTGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1002 401413 67301 67314 TGCAGCCATGTACT 2-10-2 MOE 1022 147737 67309 67320 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147080 67430 67441 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147737 67455 67466 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147080 67576 67587 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147082 67578 67589 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 147090 67582 67593 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 147091 67583 67594 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147742 67591 67602 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147090 67728 67739 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 147698 68036 68047 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147698 68182 68193 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147681 68267 68278 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147721 68386 68397 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147681 68413 68424 ATGTCATTAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 965 147712 68527 68538 ACACCATCTCCC 1-10-1 MOE 1005 147721 68532 68543 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147711 68760 68771 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147711 68906 68917 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 147696 69045 69056 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147696 69191 69202 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147723 69194 69205 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147723 69210 69221 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 389965 69271 69282 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 69271 69282 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 147723 69340 69351 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147723 69356 69367 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 398101 69357 69370 TTTGATAAAGCCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1064 389965 69417 69428 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 69417 69428 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 398101 69503 69516 TTTGATAAAGCCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1064 368353 69519 69532 CACTGATCCTGCAC 2-10-2 MOE 1007 147074 69522 69533 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 147081 69631 69642 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368353 69665 69678 CACTGATCCTGCAC 2-10-2 MOE 1007 147720 69729 69740 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147721 69736 69747 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 398167 69757 69768 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147722 69762 69773 AAAGTCAGGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1130 147723 69768 69779 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147080 69776 69787 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 147081 69777 69788 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 398093 69811 69824 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398168 69813 69824 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147725 69814 69825 CTCGGACTTTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1119 147726 69819 69830 TGACTCTCGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1120 147727 69860 69871 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147720 69875 69886 GATCTCTCGAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1117 147721 69882 69893 AATGCAGGATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1118 147728 69899 69910 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398094 69901 69914 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 398167 69903 69914 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 69904 69917 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 147722 69908 69919 AAAGTCAGGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1130 147723 69914 69925 GACTCCAAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 892 147729 69916 69927 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 398095 69919 69932 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 398093 69957 69970 TCGGACTTTGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1009 398168 69959 69970 TCGGACTTTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1008 147725 69960 69971 CTCGGACTTTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1119 147726 69965 69976 TGACTCTCGGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1120 147704 69991 70002 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147727 70006 70017 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147728 70045 70056 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398094 70047 70060 ATCAGCCAGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1010 398169 70048 70059 TCAGCCAGACAG 1-10-1 MOE 909 147729 70062 70073 GTAAGAGGCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 920 398095 70065 70078 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 147704 70137 70148 TTGTTCTTAGGA 1-10-1 MOE 1012 147697 70161 70172 CCCCAGCAGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1000 147697 70307 70318 CCCCAGCAGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1000 147728 70450 70461 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398164 70464 70475 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147730 70465 70476 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 147731 70471 70482 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147732 70476 70487 GGGTCTTTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 1122 147733 70497 70508 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 398096 70562 70575 GGAGAAGCGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1015 147735 70564 70575 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147736 70569 70580 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147737 70575 70586 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 147728 70596 70607 GCCAGACAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1013 398164 70610 70621 TTGTCGATCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1014 147730 70611 70622 CTTGTCCATCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1121 368349 70616 70629 CTGCACTGACGAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1017 147731 70617 70628 TTTCCTCTTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 934 147732 70622 70633 GGGTCTTTCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 1122 147733 70643 70654 TTCTTGATGTCC 1-10-1 MOE 891 398096 70708 70721 GGAGAAGCGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1015 147735 70710 70721 GGAGAAGCGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1016 147736 70715 70726 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147737 70721 70732 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 389764 70784 70795 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 389965 70784 70795 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389965 70930 70941 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 70930 70941 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 368386 70995 71010 CACTGATCCTTAGA 3-10-3 MOE 1123 AG 368367 70997 71010 CACTGATCCTTAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1124 368387 70997 71012 TCCACTGATCCTTA 3-10-3 MOE 1125 GA 368354 70999 71012 TCCACTGATCCTGC 2-10-2 MOE 1024 368374 70999 71014 CTTCCACTGATCCT 3-10-3 MOE 1126 GC 368368 70999 71012 TCCACTGATCCTTA 2-10-2 MOE 1127 368388 70999 71014 CTTCCACTGATCCT 3-10-3 MOE 895 TA 368355 71000 71013 TTCCACTGATCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1025 147074 71000 71011 CCACTGATCCTG 1-10-1 MOE 845 368375 71000 71015 CCTTCCACTGATCC 3-10-3 MOE 1020 TG 147075 71001 71012 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 368376 71001 71016 TCCTTCCACTGATC 3-10-3 MOE 1028 CT 147076 71002 71013 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 71002 71015 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 368377 71002 71017 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147077 71003 71014 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368378 71003 71018 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 3-10-3 MOE 1032 TC 147078 71004 71015 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 368359 71005 71018 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1033 368379 71005 71020 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 3-10-3 MOE 1034 GA 147079 71005 71016 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 147080 71006 71017 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 368360 71007 71020 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 368380 71007 71022 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 3-10-3 MOE 896 CT 147081 71007 71018 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 147082 71008 71019 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368361 71009 71022 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 962 368381 71009 71024 GGGAAAGCTCCTTC 3-10-3 MOE 1037 CA 147738 71067 71078 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147739 71071 71082 CGTTTGGGTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1023 147740 71088 71099 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 147741 71129 71140 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 368366 71141 71154 CTGATCCTTAGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 1019 368386 71141 71156 CACTGATCCTTAGA 3-10-3 MOE 1123 AG 368367 71143 71156 CACTGATCCTTAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1124 368387 71143 71158 TCCACTGATCCTTA 3-10-3 MOE 1125 GA 368374 71145 71160 CTTCCACTGATCCT 3-10-3 MOE 1126 GC 368354 71145 71158 TCCACTGATCCTGC 2-10-2 MOE 1024 368368 71145 71158 TCCACTGATCCTTA 2-10-2 MOE 1127 368388 71145 71160 CTTCCACTGATCCT 3-10-3 MOE 895 TA 368355 71146 71159 TTCCACTGATCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1025 368375 71146 71161 CCTTCCACTGATCC 3-10-3 MOE 1020 TG 147075 71147 71158 TCCACTGATCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1026 368356 71147 71160 CTTCCACTGATCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1027 368376 71147 71162 TCCTTCCACTGATC 3-10-3 MOE 1028 CT 147076 71148 71159 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 71148 71161 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 368377 71148 71163 CTCCTTCCACTGAT 3-10-3 MOE 1030 CC 147077 71149 71160 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 368358 71149 71162 TCCTTCCACTGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1031 368378 71149 71164 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 3-10-3 MOE 1032 TC 147078 71150 71161 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 368359 71151 71164 GCTCCTTCCACTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1033 147079 71151 71162 TCCTTCCACTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1001 368379 71151 71166 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 3-10-3 MOE 1034 GA 147080 71152 71163 CTCCTTCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1021 368380 71153 71168 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 3-10-3 MOE 896 CT 147081 71153 71164 GCTCCTTCCACT 1-10-1 MOE 1006 368360 71153 71166 AAGCTCCTTCCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1035 147082 71154 71165 AGCTCCTTCCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1036 368381 71155 71170 GGGAAAGCTCCTTC 3-10-3 MOE 1037 CA 368361 71155 71168 GAAAGCTCCTTCCA 2-10-2 MOE 962 398097 71158 71171 GGCAGTCTTTATCC 2-10-2 MOE 897 147738 71213 71224 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147739 71217 71228 CGTTTGGGTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1023 147740 71234 71245 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 147741 71275 71286 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398097 71304 71317 GGCAGTCTTTATCC 2-10-2 MOE 897 147727 71702 71713 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 147727 71848 71859 CAGTGGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1128 390030 71986 71997 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147102 72015 72026 TGCGAGTTGTTG 1-10-1 MOE 1129 390030 72132 72143 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 147102 72161 72172 TGCGAGTTGTTG 1-10-1 MOE 1129 147722 72199 72210 AAAGTCAGGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1130 147696 72232 72243 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147741 72254 72265 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 147722 72345 72356 AAAGTCAGGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1130 147696 72378 72389 TGGATGATTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 906 147741 72400 72411 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 147711 72446 72457 AAGGGCCCTGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1040 398098 72574 72587 TAACTTCAGTGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1131 147742 72575 72586 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147698 72595 72606 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 147743 72690 72701 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 398099 72690 72703 GAAGGGCTTCCAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1132 147744 72694 72705 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 398100 72697 72710 TGACCAGGAAGGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1133 147745 72700 72711 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398098 72720 72733 TAACTTCAGTGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1131 147742 72721 72732 AACTTCAGTGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1041 147698 72741 72752 CCCGCCACCACC 1-10-1 MOE 928 398157 72757 72770 GGAAACATACCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1045 147743 72836 72847 AGGGCTTCCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1042 398099 72836 72849 GAAGGGCTTCCAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1132 147744 72840 72851 AGGAAGGGCTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1043 398100 72843 72856 TGACCAGGAAGGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1133 147745 72846 72857 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147076 72898 72909 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 72898 72911 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147077 72899 72910 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147078 72900 72911 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 398157 72903 72916 GGAAACATACCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1045 398158 72983 72996 AGGCCCTGAGATTA 2-10-2 MOE 1134 398159 72988 73001 GGTTAAGGCCCTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1135 398160 72993 73006 GAATAGGTTAAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1048 147076 73044 73055 TTCCACTGATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1029 368357 73044 73057 CCTTCCACTGATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1046 147077 73045 73056 CTTCCACTGATC 1-10-1 MOE 1047 147078 73046 73057 CCTTCCACTGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1044 147746 73052 73063 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398161 73092 73105 AACAATGTGTTGTA 2-10-2 MOE 1049 147746 73101 73112 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398158 73129 73142 AGGCCCTGAGATTA 2-10-2 MOE 1134 398159 73134 73147 GGTTAAGGCCCTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1135 398160 73139 73152 GAATAGGTTAAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1048 147746 73198 73209 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398161 73238 73251 AACAATGTGTTGTA 2-10-2 MOE 1049 147746 73247 73258 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 147088 73273 73284 CCCTCTACACCA 1-10-1 MOE 1050 398105 73401 73414 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 398105 73547 73560 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147741 73559 73570 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 147741 73705 73716 CACCCACTGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1055 398162 73968 73981 ACCAAACAGTTCAG 2-10-2 MOE 1057 147745 73991 74002 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398167 74008 74019 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 398092 74009 74022 AGTCAGGCCATGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1060 398162 74114 74127 ACCAAACAGTTCAG 2-10-2 MOE 1057 147745 74137 74148 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398167 74154 74165 CAGGCCATGTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1059 147089 74280 74291 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147090 74281 74292 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 389949 74310 74321 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147740 74339 74350 TGTGAGGCTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1062 389950 74381 74392 CCCTGAAGGTTC 1-10-1 MOE 1063 147089 74426 74437 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147090 74427 74438 TTCCCTCTACAC 1-10-1 MOE 955 389949 74456 74467 GCGCGAGCCCGA 1-10-1 MOE 1061 147685 74490 74501 GGCTGACATTCA 1-10-1 MOE 975 398101 74510 74523 TTTGATAAAGCCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1064 398102 74536 74549 CTACCTGAGGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 899 398103 74543 74556 CCCAGTACTACCTG 2-10-2 MOE 900 147685 74636 74647 GGCTGACATTCA 1-10-1 MOE 975 398102 74682 74695 CTACCTGAGGATTT 2-10-2 MOE 899 398103 74689 74702 CCCAGTACTACCTG 2-10-2 MOE 900 147736 74737 74748 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 398104 74805 74818 CAAGAAGACCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1065 147736 74883 74894 AGGTAGGAGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 963 147737 74893 74904 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398105 74894 74907 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147737 74919 74930 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398095 74940 74953 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 398104 74951 74964 CAAGAAGACCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1065 398106 74974 74987 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 398107 74980 74993 TATTCCTGGAAAAC 2-10-2 MOE 902 147745 75030 75041 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 147737 75039 75050 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398105 75040 75053 TGCACAGGCAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1066 147737 75065 75076 ACAGCCAGGTAG 1-10-1 MOE 1067 398108 75077 75090 GGAATGTCTGAGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1136 398095 75086 75099 CATCAGCAAGAGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1011 147691 75108 75119 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 398106 75120 75133 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 398107 75126 75139 TATTCCTGGAAAAC 2-10-2 MOE 902 147738 75155 75166 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 147745 75176 75187 TTGACCAGGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1058 398108 75223 75236 GGAATGTCTGAGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1136 398109 75247 75260 CAAGAAGTGTGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 903 147691 75254 75265 GAGGTGGGAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 966 147738 75301 75312 TGGGTGGCCGGG 1-10-1 MOE 1069 398110 75385 75398 GTTCCCTTTGCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 952 147091 75387 75398 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 398109 75393 75406 CAAGAAGTGTGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 903 398111 75470 75483 GTGAAAATGCTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 904 401385 75494 75507 CCCAGTGGGTTTGA 2-10-2 MOE 890 398166 75499 75510 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147091 75525 75536 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147092 75526 75537 TGTTCCCTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 901 398110 75531 75544 GTTCCCTTTGCAGG 2-10-2 MOE 952 147091 75533 75544 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147706 75540 75551 GCTGACATCTCG 1-10-1 MOE 1071 398112 75584 75597 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 398111 75616 75629 GTGAAAATGCTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 904 147746 75617 75628 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398166 75645 75656 GGGCTTCTTCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1070 147091 75671 75682 GTTCCCTCTACA 1-10-1 MOE 1004 147092 75672 75683 TGTTCCCTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 901 398113 75693 75706 AGGAGGTTAAACCA 2-10-2 MOE 905 398112 75730 75743 CAGCCTGGCACCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1072 147746 75763 75774 TAAAAACAACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1073 398114 75770 75783 AGGCATATAGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1075 398115 75786 75799 AGTAAATATTGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1076 398116 75799 75812 TAATGACCTGATGA 2-10-2 MOE 1137 398113 75839 75852 AGGAGGTTAAACCA 2-10-2 MOE 905 390030 75839 75850 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398115 75932 75945 AGTAAATATTGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1076 398116 75945 75958 TAATGACCTGATGA 2-10-2 MOE 1137 398106 75982 75995 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 390030 75985 75996 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398106 76127 76140 TGGAAAACTGCACC 2-10-2 MOE 1068 147690 76196 76207 TGAAGTTAATTC 1-10-1 MOE 1138 147690 76341 76352 TGAAGTTAATTC 1-10-1 MOE 1138 147724 76740 76751 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147089 76873 76884 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147679 76881 76892 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 147724 76885 76896 GAAATTGAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1139 147089 77018 77029 TCCCTCTACACC 1-10-1 MOE 956 147679 77026 77037 CAAAAGGATCCC 1-10-1 MOE 907 147693 77240 77251 GTGCGCTCCCAT 1-10-1 MOE 1078 147697 77759 77770 CCCCAGCAGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1000

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 177-190 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 177-190 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 177-190 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 886, 859, or 853. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 177-190 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147022, 147023, or 147024.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 195-228 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 195-228 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 195-228 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 877, 868, 882, 886, 859, 853, 865, 835, 843, 846, 842, 848, 874, 849, 863, 855, 850, 864, or 834. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 195-228 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147019, 147020, 147021, 147022, 147023, 147024, 147025, 147026, 147027, 147028, 147073, 147029, 147030, 147036, 147037, 147038, 147039, 147040, or 147041.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 323-353 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 323-353 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 323-353 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 866, 881, 869, 883, 858, 833, 875, 837, 829, 871, 884, 887, 839, 830, 840, 861, or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 323-353 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147042, 147043, 147044, 147045, 147046, 147047, 147051, 147052, 147053, 147054, 147055, 147056, 147057, 147058, 147059, 147060, or 147061.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 322-353 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 322-353 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 322-353 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 842, 866, 881, 869, 883, 858, 833, 875, 837, 829, 871, 884, 887, 839, 830, 840, 861, or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 322-353 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147073, 147042, 147043, 147044, 147045, 147046, 147047, 147051, 147052, 147053, 147054, 147055, 147056, 147057, 147058, 147059, 147060, or 147061.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 679-799 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 679-799 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 679-799 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 883, 858, 883, or 858. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 679-799 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147045, 147046, 147045, or 147046.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 679-827 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 679-827 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 679-827 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 883, 858, 883, 858, or 851. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 679-827 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147045, 147046, 147045, 147046, or 147066.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1024-1046 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1024-1046 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1024-1046 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 841, 862, 880, 857, 851, 876, 838, 860, 878, 856, 832, or 842. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1024-1046 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147062, 147063, 147064, 147065, 147066, 147067, 147068, 147069, 147070, 147071, 147072, or 147073.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 992-1046 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 992-1046 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 992-1046 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 831, 841, 862, 880, 857, 851, 876, 838, 860, 878, 856, 832, or 842. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 992-1046 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 404131, 147062, 147063, 147064, 147065, 147066, 147067, 147068, 147069, 147070, 147071, 147072, or 147073.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1868-1881 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1868-1881 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1868-1881 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 886, 859, or 853. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1868-1881 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147022, 147023, or 147024.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1886-1919 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1886-1919 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1886-1919 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 877, 868, 882, 886, 859, 865, 843, 846, 874, 863, 855, 864, or 834. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1886-1919 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147019, 147020, 147021, 147022, 147023, 147025, 147027, 147028, 147030, 147037, 147038, 147040, or 147041.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1869-1919 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1869-1919 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1869-1919 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 859, 853, 877, 868, 882, 886, 859, 865, 843, 846, 874, 863, 855, 864, or 834. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1869-1919 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147023, 147024, 147019, 147020, 147021, 147022, 147023, 147025, 147027, 147028, 147030, 147037, 147038, 147040, or 147041.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1976-1989 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1976-1989 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1976-1989 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 886, 859, or 853. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1976-1989 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147022, 147023, or 147024.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 1995-2027 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 1995-2027 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1995-2027 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 868, 882, 886, 859, 853, 865, 835, 843, 846, 848, 874, 849, 863, 855, 850, 864, or 834. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 1995-2027 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147020, 147021, 147022, 147023, 147024, 147025, 147026, 147027, 147028, 147029, 147030, 147036, 147037, 147038, 147039, 147040, or 147041.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 2366-2382 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 2366-2382 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2366-2382 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 867 or 873. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 2366-2382 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 404199 or 404134.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 6220-6233 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 6220-6233 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6220-6233 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 870, 836, or 844. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6220-6233 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147032, 147033, or 147034.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 6288-6300 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 6288-6300 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6288-6300 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 869 or 883. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6288-6300 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147044 or 147045.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 6329-6342 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 6329-6342 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6329-6342 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 870, 836, or 844. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6329-6342 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147032, 147033, or 147034.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 6397-6409 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 6397-6409 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6397-6409 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 869 or 883. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 6397-6409 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147044 or 147045.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 7057-7178 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 7057-7178 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 7057-7178 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 830, 840, 861, 830, or 840. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 7057-7178 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147058, 147059, 147060, 147058, or 147059.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 8630-8750 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 8630-8750 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 8630-8750 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ D) NO 843, 846, 843, or 846. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 8630-8750 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147027, 147028, 147027, or 147028.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 10957-11077 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 10957-11077 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 10957-11077 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 881, 869, 881, or 869. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 10957-11077 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147043, 147044, 147043, or 147044.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 11605-11623 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 11605-11623 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 11605-11623 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 856, 878, or 856. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 11605-11623 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147071, 147070, or 147071.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 12805-12817 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 12805-12817 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 12805-12817 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 874 or 885. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 12805-12817 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147030 or 147031.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 12986-12998 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 12986-12998 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 12986-12998 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 874 or 885. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 12986-12998 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147030 or 147031.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 15560-15572 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 15560-15572 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 15560-15572 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 876 or 838. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 15560-15572 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147067 or 147068.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 17787-17941 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 17787-17941 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 17787-17941 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 874 or 880. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 17787-17941 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147030 or 147064.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 21190-21202 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 21190-21202 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 21190-21202 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 843 or 846. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 21190-21202 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147027 or 147028.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 21358-21370 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 21358-21370 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 21358-21370 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 843 or 846. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 21358-21370 of SEQ iD NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 017027 or 147028.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 24318-24332 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 24318-24332 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 24318-24332 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 881, 869, 883, or 858. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 24318-24332 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147043, 147044, 147045, or 147046.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 24486-24501 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 24486-24501 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 24486-24501 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 881, 869, 858, or 833. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 24486-24501 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147043, 147044, 147046, or 147047.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 25065-25077 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 25065-25077 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 25065-25077 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 864 or 834. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 25065-25077 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147040 or 147041.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 25232-25245 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 25232-25245 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 25232-25245 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 850, 864, or 834. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 25232-25245 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147039, 147040, or 147041.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 25508-25523 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 25508-25523 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 25508-25523 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 839 or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 25508-25523 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147057 or 147061.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 25676-28890 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 25676-28890 of SEQ ID NO:11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 25676-28890 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 839, 860, or 878. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 25676-28890 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147057, 147069, or 147070.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 33056-33069 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 33056-33069 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 33056-33069 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 860, 878, or 856. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 33056-33069 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147069, 147070, or 147071.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 33205-33217 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 33205-33217 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 33205-33217 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 878 or 856. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 33205-33217 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 14707 or 147071.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 33318-33334 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 33318-33334 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to 33318-33334 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 858, 854, or 875. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 33318-33334 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147046, 147049, or 147051.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 33466-33482 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 33466-33482 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 33466-33482 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 858, 833, or 875. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 33466-33482 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147046, 147047, or 147051.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 33640-33656 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 33640-33656 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 33640-33656 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 858 or 875. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 33640-33656 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147046 or 147051.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 33788-33804 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 33788-33804 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 33788-33804 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 858 or 875. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 33788-33804 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147046 or 147051.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 35437-35449 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 35437-35449 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 35437-35449 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 840 or 861. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 35437-35449 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147059 or 147060.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 40353-40373 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 40353-40373 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 40353-40373 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 879 or 881. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 40353-40373 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147061 or 147043.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 42527-42541 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 4252742541 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 42527-42541 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 885, 870, or 844. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 42527-42541 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147031, 147032, or 147034.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 42675-42689 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 42675-42689 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 42675-42689 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 885, 870, 836, or 844. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 42675-42689 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147031, 147032, 147033, or 147034.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 46313-46328 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 46313-46328 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 46313-46328 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 839, 830, 840, or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 46313-46328 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147057, 147058, 147059, or 147061.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 46461-46476 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 46461-46476 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 46461-46476 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 839, 840, or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 46461-46476 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147057, 147059, or 147061.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 48369-48381 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 48369-48381 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 48369-48381 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 842 or 845. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 48369-48381 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147073 or 147074.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 48714-48726 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 48714-48726 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 48714-48726 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 843 or 846. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 48714-48726 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147027 or 147028.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 49050-49062 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 49050-49062 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 49050-49062 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 876 or 838. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 49050-49062 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147067 or 147068.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 49672-49684 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 49672-49684 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 49672-49684 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 842 or 845. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 49672-49684 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147073 or 147074.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 52292-52304 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 52292-52304 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 52292-52304 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 849 or 863. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 52292-52304 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147036 or 147037.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 52438-52450 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 52438-52450 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 52438-52450 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 849 or 863. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 52438-52450 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147036 or 147037.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 53445-53458 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 53445-53458 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 53445-53458 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 866, 881, or 869. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 53445-53458 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147042, 147043, or 147044.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 53591-53604 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 53591-53604 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 53591-53604 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 866, 874, 881, 885, or 869. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 53591-53604 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147042, 147030, 147043, 147031, or 147044.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 53738-53750 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 53738-53750 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 53738-53750 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 874 or 885. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 53738-53750 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147030 or 147031.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 53783-53795 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 53783-53795 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 53783-53795 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 864 or 834. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 53783-53795 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147040 or 147041.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 55008-55020 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 55008-55020 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 55008-55020 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 866 or 881. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 55008-55020 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147042 or 147043.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 55154-55166 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 55154-55166 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 55154-55166 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 866 or 881. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 55154-55166 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147042 or 147043.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 55682-55695 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 55682-55695 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 55682-55695 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 877 or 882. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 55682-55695 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147019 or 147021.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 56275-56293 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 56275-56293 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 56275-56293 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 871, 884, 887, 830, 840, 861, or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 56275-56293 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147054, 147055, 147056, 147058, 147059, 147060, or 147061.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 56418-56439 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 56418-56439 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 56418-56439 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 875, 829, 871, 884, 887, 839, 830, or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 56418-56439 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147051, 147053, 147054, 147055, 147056, 147057, 147058, or 147061.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 57264-57276 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 57264-57276 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 57264-57276 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 883 or 858. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 57264-57276 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147045 or 147046.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 61276-61293 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 61276-61293 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 61276-61293 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 856, 847, 849, 863, 855, 850, or 864. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 61276-61293 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147071, 147035, 147036, 147037, 147038, 147039, or 147040.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 61257-61320 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 61257-61320 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 61257-61320 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 881, 856, 847, 849, 863, 855, 850, 864, or 886. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 61257-61320 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147043, 147071, 147035, 147036, 147037, 147038, 147039, 147040, or 147071.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 61422-61439 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 61422-61439 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 61422-61439 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 844, 847, 849, 863, 855, or 864. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 61422-61439 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147034, 147035, 147036, 147037, 147038, or 147040.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 61422-61466 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 61422-61466 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 61422-61466 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 844, 847, 849, 863, 855, 864, or 856. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 61422-61466 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147034, 147035, 147036, 147037, 147038, 147040, or 147071.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 63065-63078 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 63065-63078 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 63065-63078 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 851 or 838. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 63065-63078 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147066 or 147068.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 63207-63222 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 63207-63222 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 63207-63222 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 841 or 851. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 63207-63222 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147062 or 147066.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 64538-64550 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 64538-64550 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 64538-64550 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 849 or 863. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 64538-64550 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147036 or 147037.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 64864-64876 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 64864-64876 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 64864-64876 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 851 or 876. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 64864-64876 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147066 or 147067.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 65010-65028 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 65010-65028 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 65010-65028 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 851, 876, or 883. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 65010-65028 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147066, 147067, or 147045.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 65163-65175 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 65163-65175 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 65163-65175 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 883 or 858. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 65163-65175 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147045 or 147046.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 65408-65422 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 65408-65422 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 65408-65422 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 883 or 856. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 65408-65422 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147068 or 147071.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 65549-65568 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 65549-65568 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 65549-65568 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 860, 838, or 856. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 65549-65568 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147069, 147068, or 147071.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 67741-67754 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 67741-67754 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 67741-67754 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 848, 874, or 885. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 67741-67754 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147029, 147030, or 147031.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 67886-67900 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 67886-67900 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 67886-67900 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 846, 848, 874, or 885. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 67886-67900 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147028, 147029, 147030, or 147031.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 68867-68880 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 68867-68880 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 68867-68880 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 881, 869, or 883. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 68867-68880 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147043, 147044, or 147045.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 69013-69532 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 69013-69532 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 69013-69532 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 881, 869, 883, 858, 856, 832, or 842. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 69013-69532 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147043, 147044, 147045, 147046, 147071, 147072, or 147073.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 69665-69880 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 69665-69880 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 69665-69880 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 856, 832, 842, 845, or 851. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 69665-69880 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147071, 147072, 147073, 147074, or 147066.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 70611-70630 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 70611-70630 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 70611-70630 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 859, 841, 862, 880, 857, or 851. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 70611-70630 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147023, 147062, 147063, 147064, 147065, or 147066.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 70762-70776 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 70762-70776 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 70762-70776 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 862, 880, 857, or 851. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 70762-70776 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147063, 147064, 147065, or 147066.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 70998-71010 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 70998-71010 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 70998-71010 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 832 or 842. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 70998-71010 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147072 or 147073.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 71144-714364 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 71144-714364 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 71144-714364 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 832, 842, 845, 863, 855, or 850. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 71144-714364 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147072, 147073, 147074, 147037, 147038, or 147039.

In certain embodiments, a target region is nucleotides 71497-71652 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound is targeted to nucleotides 71497-71652 of SEQ ID NO: 11. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted 71497-71652 of comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from SEQ ID NO 863, 855, 850, or 879. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to nucleotides 71497-71652 of SEQ ID NO: 11 is selected from Isis No 147037, 147038, 147039, or 147061.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 8 to 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 9 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 10 to 14 nucleotides in length. In certain embodiments, such short antisense compounds are short antisense oligonucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are short gapmers. In certain such embodiments, short gapmers targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprise at least one high affinity modification in one or more wings of the compound. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprise 1 to 3 high-affinity modifications in each wing. In certain such embodiments, the nucleosides or nucleotides of the wing comprise a 2′ modification. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are BNA's. In certain such embodiments, the monomers of the wing are selected from α-L-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, β-D-Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA, Ethyleneoxy (4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′) BNA, Aminooxy (4′-CH₂—O—N(R)-2′) BNA and Oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(R)—O-2′) BNA. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing comprise a substituent at the 2′ position selected from allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O —(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), and O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl. In certain embodiments, the monomers of a wing are 2′MOE nucleotides.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprise a gap between the 5′ wing and the 3′ wing. In certain embodiments the gap comprises five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, or fourteen monomers. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified deoxyribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, the monomers of the gap are unmodified ribonucleotides. In certain embodiments, gap modifications (if any) gap result in an antisense compound that, when bound to its target nucleic acid, supports cleavage by an RNase, including, but not limited to, RNase H.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid have uniform monomeric linkages. In certain such embodiments, those linkages are all phosphorothioate linkages. In certain embodiments, the linkages are all phosphodiester linkages. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid have mixed backbones.

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid are 16 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprise 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprise 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprise 12 to 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods of modulating expression of PTP1B. In certain embodiments, such methods comprise use of one or more short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid, wherein the short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid is from about 8 to about 16, preferably 9 to 15, more preferably 9 to 14, more preferably 10 to 14 monomers (i.e. from about 8 to about 16 linked monomers). One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that this comprehends methods of modulating expression of PTP1B using one or more short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid of 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 or 16 monomers.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 8 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 9 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 10 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 11 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 12 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 13 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 14 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 15 monomers in length. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid that is 16 monomers in length.

In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprising 9 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprising 10 to 15 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprising 12 to 14 monomers. In certain embodiments, methods of modulating expression of PTP1B comprise use of a short antisense compound targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid comprising 12 or 14 nucleotides or nucleosides.

10. PTEN

In certain embodiments, the invention provides short antisense compounds targeted to a nucleic acid encoding PTEN. In certain embodiments, such compounds are used to modulate PTEN expression if cells. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTEN nucleic acid are administered to an animal. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to a PTEN nucleic acid are useful for studying PTEN, for studying certain nucleases and/or for assessing antisense activity. In certain such embodiments, short antisense compounds targeted to PTEN nucleic acids are useful for assessing certain motifs and/or chemical modifications. In certain embodiments, administration of a short antisense compound targeted to PTEN nucleic acid to an animal results in a measurable phenotypic change.

The short antisense compounds targeting PTEN may have any one or more properties or characteristics of the short antisense compounds generally described herein. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds targeting a PTP1B nucleic acid have a motif (wing-deoxy gap-wing) selected from 1-12-1, 1-1-10-2, 2-10-1-1, 3-10-3, 2-10-3, 2-10-2, 1-10-1, 1-10-2, 3-8-3, 2-8-2, 1-8-1, 3-6-3 or 1-6-1, more preferably 1-10-1, 2-10-2, 3-10-3, and 1-9-2.

Certain Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a PTEN Nucleic Acid

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a PTEN nucleic acid having the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NM_(—)000314.4, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 14. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are targeted to a PTEN nucleic acid having the sequence of nucleotides 8063255 to 8167140 of the sequence of GENBANK® Accession No. NT_(—)033890.3, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 15. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 14 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 14 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 15 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 15 is at least 90% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 15 is at least 95% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15. In certain such embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 15 is 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15.

In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 14 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Tables 20 and 21. In certain embodiments, a short antisense compound targeted to SEQ ID NO: 15 comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the nucleotide sequences set forth in Tables 22 and 23.

Each nucleotide sequence set forth in Tables 20, 21, 22, and 23 is independent of any modification to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. As such, short antisense compounds comprising a nucleotide sequence as set forth in Tables 20, 21, 22, and 23 may comprise, independently, one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase. Antisense compounds described by Isis Number (Isis NO.) indicate a combination of nucleobase sequence and one or more modifications to a sugar moiety, an internucleoside linkage, or a nucleobase.

Table 20 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14. Table 22 illustrates short antisense compounds that are 100% complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15. The column labeled ‘gapmer motif’ indicates the wing-gap-wing motif of each short antisense compounds. The gap segment comprises 2′-deoxynucleotides and each nucleotide of each wing segment comprises a 2′-modified sugar. The particular 2′-modified sugar is also indicated in the ‘gapmer motif’ column. For example, ‘2-10-2 MOE’ means a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where a gap segment of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides is flanked by wing segments of two nucleotides, where the nucleotides of the wing segments are 2′-MOE nucleotides. Internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate. The short antisense compounds comprise 5-methylcytidine in place of unmodified cytosine, unless “unmodified cytosine” is listed in the gapmer motif column, in which case the indicated cytosines are unmodified cytosines. For example, “5-mC in gap only” indicates that the gap segment has 5-methylcytosines, while the wing segments have unmodified cytosines.

The 2′-modified nucleotides and abbreviations include: 2′-O-methoxyethyl (MOE); 2′-O-methyl (OMe); 2′-O-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) (PentaF); 2′-O-[(2-methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio (2′-MOE-4′-thio). (R)-CMOE-BNA. As illustrated in Tables 20 and 22, a wing may comprise monomers comprising more than type of 2′ substituent. For example, 1-2-10-2 MOE/PentaF/MOE indicates one MOE-modified nucleotide, followed by two PentaF-modified nucleotides, followed by a gap of ten deoxynucleotides, followed by two PentaF-modified nucleotides. For example, 1-1-10-22′-(butylacetomido)-palmitamide Methyleneoxy BNA/Methyleneoxy BNA indicates that the 5′-most nucleotide is 2′-(butylacetomide)-palmitamide, the second nucleotide is a methyleneoxy BNA nucleotide, and the 3′ wing is methyleneoxy BNA. Unless otherwise indicated, cytosines are 5-methylcytosines and internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate.

TABLE 20 Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to SEQ ID NO: 14 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target ID No Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 390092 5530 5541 AGAATGAGACTT 1-10-1 MOE 1514 390091 5435 5446 TGAGGCATTATC 1-10-1 MOE 1522 390090 5346 5357 AGAGTATCTGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1227 390088 5162 5173 CACATTAACAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1511 390087 5126 5137 GTGGCAACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1501 390085 5031 5042 ATTTGATGCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1505 390084 4982 4993 CAAAGAATGGTG 1-10-1 MOE 1215 390082 4910 4921 AGGACTTGGGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1503 390080 4833 4844 TGCTGCACATCC 1-10-1 MOE 1150 392067 4832 4845 CTGCTGCACATCCA 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1510 Unmodified cytosines in gap 390078 4714 4725 CTTTCAGTCATA 1-10-1 MOE 1520 390077 4693 4704 GTCAAATTCTAT 1-10-1 MOE 1252 390076 4599 4610 TTCCAATGACTA 1-10-1 MOE 1506 390075 4576 4587 GTAAGCAAGGCT 1-10-1 MOE #N/A 390074 4533 4544 ACCCTCATTCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1513 390068 4191 4202 GTAAATCCTAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1515 390064 4001 4012 ACCACAGCTAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1498 390063 3977 3988 CACCAATAAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 1219 390058 3828 3839 AGTAGTTGTACT 1-10-1 MOE 1192 390056 3793 3804 GGGCATATCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1521 390054 3705 3716 AACACTGCACAT 1-10-1 MOE 1493 390052 3623 3634 GACAATTTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 1492 390050 3503 3514 GTATTCAAGTAA 1-10-1 MOE 1140 390049 3479 3490 GTTAATGACATT 1-10-1 MOE 1491 390047 3428 3439 TGTGTAAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 1490 390041 3175 3186 TTAGCACTGGCC 1-10-1 MOE 1489 398076 3171 3182 CACTGGCCTTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1488 398009 3170 3183 GCACTGGCCTTGAT 2-10-2 MOE 1487 398075 3111 3122 AAATCATTGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 1233 398008 3110 3123 TAAATCATTGTCAA 2-10-2 MOE 1486 398074 2913 2924 GCACCAATATGC 1-10-1 MOE 1248 398007 2912 2925 AGCACCAATATGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1247 398073 2681 2692 TTAGCCAACTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1485 398006 2680 2693 CTTAGCCAACTGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1484 390033 2679 2690 AGCCAACTGCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1483 398072 2671 2682 GCAAACTTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1482 398005 2670 2683 TGCAAACTTATCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1481 390030 2534 2545 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398071 2533 2544 TTATAAAACTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1480 398004 2532 2545 TTTATAAAACTGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1479 390029 2510 2521 AAAGTGCCATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1478 390028 2491 2502 TCCTAATTGAAT 1-10-1 MOE 1477 398070 2481 2492 ATTTTAAATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1476 398003 2480 2493 AATTTTAAATGTCC 2-10-2 MOE 1475 390027 2455 2466 AGGTATATACAT 1-10-1 MOE 1206 398069 2451 2462 ATATACATGACA 1-10-1 MOE 1474 398002 2450 2463 TATATACATGACAC 2-10-2 MOE 1473 398068 2440 2451 ACAGCTACACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1472 398001 2439 2452 CACAGCTACACAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1471 390026 2438 2449 AGCTACACAACC 1-10-1 MOE 1470 390025 2406 2417 GTGTCAAAACCC 1-10-1 MOE 1211 398067 2405 2416 TGTCAAAACCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1210 398000 2404 2417 GTGTCAAAACCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1469 398066 2372 2383 AGATTGGTCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 1468 397999 2371 2384 AAGATTGGTCAGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1467 398065 2349 2360 GTTCCTATAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1466 397998 2348 2361 TGTTCCTATAACTG 2-10-2 MOE 1465 398064 2331 2342 CTGACACAATGT 1-10-1 MOE 1464 397997 2330 2343 TCTGACACAATGTC 2-10-2 MOE 1463 398063 2321 2332 GTCCTATTGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1205 397996 2320 2333 TGTCCTATTGCCAT 2-10-2 MOE 1462 390022 2286 2297 CAGTTTATTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1142 336221 2230 2243 TCAGACTTTTGTAA 3-8-3 MOE 1461 336220 2224 2237 TTTTGTAATTTGTG 3-8-3 MOE 1460 336219 2209 2222 ATGCTGATCTTCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1459 390021 2203 2214 CTTCATCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1458 336218 2201 2214 CTTCATCAAAAGGT 3-8-3 MOE 1457 389779 2201 2212 TCATCAAAAGGT 1-9-2 MOE 1176 389979 2201 2212 TCATCAAAAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 1176 397995 2200 2213 TTCATCAAAAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1456 336217 2192 2205 AAGGTTCATTCTCT 3-8-3 MOE 1455 390020 2183 2194 TCTGGATCAGAG 1-10-1 MOE 1149 336216 2182 2195 CTCTGGATCAGAGT 3-8-3 MOE 1454 336215 2169 2182 TCAGTGGTGTCAGA 3-8-3 MOE 1453 398062 2166 2177 GGTGTCAGAATA 1-10-1 MOE 1255 397994 2165 2178 TGGTGTCAGAATAT 2-10-2 MOE 1452 390019 2163 2174 GTCAGAATATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1173 336214 2157 2170 GAATATCTATAATG 3-8-3 MOE 1573 398061 2151 2162 ATAATGATCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 1451 397993 2150 2163 TATAATGATCAGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1450 336213 2146 2159 ATGATCAGGTTCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1449 389778 2144 2155 TCAGGTTCATTG 1-9-2 MOE 1448 389978 2144 2155 TCAGGTTCATTG 1-10-1 MOE 1448 398060 2137 2148 CATTGTCACTAA 1-10-1 MOE 1447 336212 2136 2149 TCATTGTCACTAAC 3-8-3 MOE 1446 397992 2136 2149 TCATTGTCACTAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1446 336211 2112 2125 ACAGAAGTTGAACT 3-8-3 MOE 1445 390017 2111 2122 GAAGTTGAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1444 398059 2108 2119 GTTGAACTGCTA 1-10-1 MOE 1443 397991 2107 2120 AGTTGAACTGCTAG 2-10-2 MOE 1442 336210 2104 2117 TGAACTGCTAGCCT 3-8-3 MOE 1441 335340 2104 2118 TTGAACTGCTAGCCT 1-10-4 MOE 1440 335339 2103 2117 TGAACTGCTAGCCTC 1-10-4 MOE 1439 335338 2102 2116 GAACTGCTAGCCTCT 1-10-4 MOE 1438 335337 2101 2115 AACTGCTAGCCTCTG 1-10-4 MOE 1437 335336 2100 2114 ACTGCTAGCCTCTGG 1-10-4 MOE 1436 390430 2099 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines 390431 2099 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines C in wing 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 390432 2099 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 390433 2099 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines Nt 6 is 9-(aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 390434 2099 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines Nt 7 is 9-(aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 390435 2099 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines Nt 9 is 9-(aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335335 2099 2113 CTGCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-4 MOE 1435 389777 2098 2109 TAGCCTCTGGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1434 389954 2098 2109 TAGCCTCTGGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1434 335334 2098 2112 TGCTAGCCTCTGGAT 1-10-4 MOE 1433 331429 2097 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 MOE 1431 335349 2097 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 MOE 1431 335367 2097 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1431 335378 2097 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1431 392061 2097 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1431 Unmodified cytosines in gap 383991 2097 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 1432 2′-(acetylamino-butyl-acetamido)- cholesterol/MOE 383992 2097 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 1432 2′-(acetylamino-butyl-acetamido)- cholic acid/MOE 386970 2097 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 MOE 1432 390578 2097 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 MOE 1432 Unmodified cytosines Ts in wings are 2-thiothymines 390614 2097 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 PentaF 1432 335333 2097 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-4 MOE 1430 386683 2097 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 2′-(butylacetamido)- 1432 palmitamide/MOE 371975 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-2 MOE 1429 335341 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 335350 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 335368 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 Phosphodiester linkages in wings 335379 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 383739 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap 384071 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 OMe 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap 384073 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap 390576 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap T's in wings are 2-thiothymines 390580 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 Pyrimidines in wings are 5-thiazole Unmodified cytosines in gap 390581 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 Unmodified cytosines in gap 391863 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 Unmodified cytosines 391864 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 Unmodified cytosines in gap 391865 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 Unmodified cytosines 375560 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 MOE 1429 391172 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1429 Unmodified cytosines 391175 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1429 391449 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 MOE 1429 Unmodified cytosines 392054 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1429 Unmodified cytosines in gap 392055 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 MOE 1429 Unmodified cytosines in gap 362977 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-12-2 MOE 1428 386770 2096 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-11-2 MOE 1427 390577 2096 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-10-3 MOE 1427 Unmodified cytosines T′s in wings are 2-thiothymines 335332 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-10-4 MOE 1429 390579 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-1-1-10-3 MOE/4′-thio/2′-O-[(2- 1428 methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio/2′-O-[(2- methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wings Phosphorodiester linkage in wings 391173 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 (5′R)-5′-methyl- 1429 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 391174 2096 2110 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 (5′S)-5′-methyl- 1429 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 390607 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE/pentaF 1428 Unmodified cytosines in wing 390609 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-2-1 MOE/MOE/pentaF 1428 Unmodified cytosines in wing 384072 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 MOE/pentaF/pentaF 1428 Unmodified cytosines in wings 390606 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 MOE/pentaF/pentaF 1428 Unmodified cytosines in wing 390608 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 MOE/pentaF/pentaF 1428 Unmodified cytosines in wing 391869 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA/(5′S)- 1428 5′-methyl-Methyleneoxy BNA/ (5′S)-5′-methyl-Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 385036 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 OMe/2′-O-methyl-4′- 1428 thio/2′-O-methyl-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wing 385871 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 OMe/2′-O-[(2- 1428 methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio/2′-O-[(2- methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wing 386682 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 2′-(butylacetamido)- 1428 palmitamide/MOE/MOE 390582 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 MOE/2′-O-[(2- 1428 methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio/2′-O-[(2- methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wings Phosphodiester linkage in wings 391868 2096 2111 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 (5′R)-5′-methyl- 1428 Methyleneoxy BNA/Methyleneoxy BNA/(5′R)-5′-methyl- Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 336209 2095 2108 AGCCTCTGGATTTG 3-8-3 MOE 1425 335331 2095 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATTTG 1-10-4 MOE 1426 335376 2095 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATTTG 1-10-4 Methyleneoxy BNA 1426 335377 2095 2109 TAGCCTCTGGATTTG 1-10-4 Methyleneoxy BNA 1426 Phosphodiester in 3′ wing 335330 2094 2108 AGCCTCTGGATTTGA 1-10-4 MOE 1424 336208 2079 2092 GGCTCCTCTACTGT 3-8-3 MOE 1423 336207 2073 2086 TCTACTGTTTTTGT 3-8-3 MOE 1422 336206 2047 2060 CACCTTAAAATTTG 3-8-3 MOE 1518 389776 2046 2057 CTTAAAATTTGG 1-9-2 MOE 1421 389977 2046 2057 CTTAAAATTTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1421 397990 2045 2058 CCTTAAAATTTGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1420 336205 2043 2056 TTAAAATTTGGAGA 3-8-3 MOE 1419 398058 2029 2040 AGTATCGGTTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1418 336204 2028 2041 AAGTATCGGTTGGC 3-8-3 MOE 1417 397989 2028 2041 AAGTATCGGTTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1417 336203 2002 2015 TGCTTTGTCAAGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1416 389775 2002 2013 CTTTGTCAAGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1177 389976 2002 2013 CTTTGTCAAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1177 397988 2001 2014 GCTTTGTCAAGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1415 336202 1959 1972 TCCTTGTCATTATC 3-8-3 MOE 1414 389774 1945 1956 CACGCTCTATAC 1-9-2 MOE 1413 389975 1945 1956 CACGCTCTATAC 1-10-1 MOE 1413 336201 1944 1957 GCACGCTCTATACT 3-8-3 MOE 1412 336200 1929 1942 CAAATGCTATCGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1411 389773 1904 1915 AGACTTCCATTT 1-9-2 MOE 1410 389974 1904 1915 AGACTTCCATTT 1-10-1 MOE 1410 336199 1902 1915 AGACTTCCATTTTC 3-8-3 MOE 1409 336198 1884 1897 TTTTCTGAGGTTTC 3-8-3 MOE 1408 398057 1878 1889 GGTTTCCTCTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1407 397987 1877 1890 AGGTTTCCTCTGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1406 336197 1873 1886 TTCCTCTGGTCCTG 3-8-3 MOE 1405 390015 1868 1879 GGTCCTGGTATG 1-10-1 MOE 1404 398056 1865 1876 CCTGGTATGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1403 336196 1864 1877 TCCTGGTATGAAGA 3-8-3 MOE 1402 397986 1864 1877 TCCTGGTATGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1402 398055 1849 1860 TATTTACCCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1401 397985 1848 1861 GTATTTACCCAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1400 336195 1847 1860 TATTTACCCAAAAG 3-8-3 MOE 1399 389772 1846 1857 TTACCCAAAAGT 1-9-2 MOE 1398 389973 1846 1857 TTACCCAAAAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1398 336194 1838 1851 AAAAGTGAAACATT 3-8-3 MOE 1145 398054 1836 1847 GTGAAACATTTT 1-10-1 MOE 1144 397984 1835 1848 AGTGAAACATTTTG 2-10-2 MOE 1397 336193 1828 1841 CATTTTGTCCTTTT 3-8-3 MOE 1182 336192 1810 1823 CATCTTGTTCTGTT 3-8-3 MOE 1396 336191 1800 1813 TGTTTGTGGAAGAA 3-8-3 MOE 1395 398053 1796 1807 TGGAAGAACTCT 1-10-1 MOE 1394 397983 1795 1808 GTGGAAGAACTCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1393 389771 1794 1805 GAAGAACTCTAC 1-9-2 MOE 1392 389972 1794 1805 GAAGAACTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 1392 336190 1789 1802 GAACTCTACTTTGA 3-8-3 MOE 1391 336189 1773 1786 TCACCACACACAGG 3-8-3 MOE 1390 336188 1754 1767 GCTGAGGGAACTCA 3-8-3 MOE 1389 398052 1751 1762 GGGAACTCAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1388 389770 1750 1761 GGAACTCAAAGT 1-9-2 MOE 1386 389971 1750 1761 GGAACTCAAAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1386 397982 1750 1763 AGGGAACTCAAAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1387 336187 1747 1760 GAACTCAAAGTACA 3-8-3 MOE 1385 390012 1745 1756 TCAAAGTACATG 1-10-1 MOE 1384 336186 1688 1701 TCTTCACCTTTAGC 3-8-3 MOE 1383 398051 1684 1695 CCTTTAGCTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1220 397981 1683 1696 ACCTTTAGCTGGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1382 336185 1677 1690 AGCTGGCAGACCAC 3-8-3 MOE 1381 389769 1676 1687 TGGCAGACCACA 1-9-2 MOE 1249 389970 1676 1687 TGGCAGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1249 392060 1675 1688 CTGGCAGACCACAA 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1380 Unmodified cytosines in gap 398050 1672 1683 AGACCACAAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1379 397980 1671 1684 CAGACCACAAACTG 2-10-2 MOE 1378 390011 1658 1669 GGATTGCAAGTT 1-10-1 MOE 1238 336184 1655 1668 GATTGCAAGTTCCG 3-8-3 MOE 1508 336183 1644 1657 CCGCCACTGAACAT 3-8-3 MOE 1377 390010 1643 1654 CCACTGAACATT 1-10-1 MOE 1240 398049 1641 1652 ACTGAACATTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1376 397979 1640 1653 CACTGAACATTGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1375 336182 1633 1646 CATTGGAATAGTTT 3-8-3 MOE 1374 389768 1630 1641 GAATAGTTTCAA 1-9-2 MOE 1373 389969 1630 1641 GAATAGTTTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1373 398048 1626 1637 AGTTTCAAACAT 1-10-1 MOE 1372 397978 1625 1638 TAGTTTCAAACATC 2-10-2 MOE 1371 336181 1623 1636 GTTTCAAACATCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1370 398047 1614 1625 CATCTTGTGAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1369 336180 1613 1626 TCATCTTGTGAAAC 3-8-3 MOE 1368 390009 1613 1624 ATCTTGTGAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 1175 397977 1613 1626 TCATCTTGTGAAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1368 390007 1563 1574 CAGGTAGCTATA 1-10-1 MOE 1367 336179 1561 1574 CAGGTAGCTATAAT 3-8-3 MOE 1366 336178 1541 1554 CATAGCGCCTCTGA 3-8-3 MOE 1365 336177 1534 1547 CCTCTGACTGGGAA 3-8-3 MOE 1364 389767 1534 1545 TCTGACTGGGAA 1-9-2 MOE 1151 389968 1534 1545 TCTGACTGGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1151 335344 1503 1516 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 335355 1503 1516 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335370 1503 1516 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1363 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335381 1503 1516 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1363 335411 1503 1516 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 3′ C is 9-(aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335412 1503 1516 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 C in 5′ wing is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335413 1503 1516 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 C in wings are 9-(aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 336176 1502 1515 CTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-8-3 MOE 1361 335345 1502 1517 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 335356 1502 1517 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335371 1502 1517 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1362 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335382 1502 1517 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1362 335414 1502 1517 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 C in 3′ wing is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335415 1502 1517 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 C in 5′ wing is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335416 1502 1517 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 C's in wings are 9-(aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 336175 1495 1508 CCTTACTTCCCCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1360 336174 1472 1485 GGGCCTCTTGTGCC 3-8-3 MOE 1359 336173 1465 1478 TTGTGCCTTTAAAA 3-8-3 MOE 1358 398046 1465 1476 GTGCCTTTAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1199 389766 1464 1475 TGCCTTTAAAAA 1-9-2 MOE 1217 389967 1464 1475 TGCCTTTAAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1217 397976 1464 1477 TGTGCCTTTAAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1357 336172 1437 1450 AATAAATATGCACA 3-8-3 MOE 1356 398045 1423 1434 TCATTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1355 336171 1422 1435 ATCATTACACCAGT 3-8-3 MOE 1354 389765 1422 1433 CATTACACCAGT 1-9-2 MOE 1353 389966 1422 1433 CATTACACCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1353 397975 1422 1435 ATCATTACACCAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1354 390005 1400 1411 CCAGCTTTACAG 1-10-1 MOE 1352 336170 1392 1405 TTACAGTGAATTGC 3-8-3 MOE 1351 398044 1382 1393 GCTGCAACATGA 1-10-1 MOE 1350 336169 1381 1394 TGCTGCAACATGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1349 389764 1381 1392 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 389965 1381 1392 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 397974 1381 1394 TGCTGCAACATGAT 2-10-2 MOE 1349 336168 1362 1375 TCTTCACTTAGCCA 3-8-3 MOE 1348 390004 1362 1373 TTCACTTAGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1208 336167 1353 1366 AGCCATTGGTCAAG 3-8-3 MOE 1347 398043 1345 1356 CAAGATCTTCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1244 336166 1344 1357 TCAAGATCTTCACA 3-8-3 MOE 1346 390003 1344 1355 AAGATCTTCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1243 397973 1344 1357 TCAAGATCTTCACA 2-10-2 MOE 1346 336165 1329 1342 AAGGGTTTGATAAG 3-8-3 MOE 1345 390002 1322 1333 ATAAGTTCTAGC 1-10-1 MOE 1344 336164 1318 1331 AAGTTCTAGCTGTG 3-8-3 MOE 1343 398042 1305 1316 TGGGTTATGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1214 336163 1304 1317 GTGGGTTATGGTCT 3-8-3 MOE 1342 397972 1304 1317 GTGGGTTATGGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1342 398089 1298 1309 TGGTCTTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1341 389763 1296 1307 GTCTTCAAAAGG 1-9-2 MOE 1197 389964 1296 1307 GTCTTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 1197 398041 1294 1305 CTTCAAAAGGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1196 336162 1293 1306 TCTTCAAAAGGATA 3-8-3 MOE 1340 397971 1293 1306 TCTTCAAAAGGATA 2-10-2 MOE 1340 398040 1279 1290 GTGCAACTCTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1236 336161 1278 1291 TGTGCAACTCTGCA 3-8-3 MOE 1235 397970 1278 1291 TGTGCAACTCTGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1235 398039 1264 1275 TAAATTTGGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1339 397969 1263 1276 TTAAATTTGGCGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1338 336160 1261 1274 AAATTTGGCGGTGT 3-8-3 MOE 1337 336159 1253 1266 CGGTGTCATAATGT 3-8-3 MOE 1336 398038 1252 1263 TGTCATAATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1200 390000 1251 1262 GTCATAATGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 1194 397968 1251 1264 GTGTCATAATGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1195 336158 1227 1240 AGATTGTATATCTT 3-8-3 MOE 1335 389762 1220 1231 ATCTTGTAATGG 1-9-2 MOE 1334 389963 1220 1231 ATCTTGTAATGG 1-10-1 MOE 1334 336157 1215 1228 TTGTAATGGTTTTT 3-8-3 MOE 1333 336156 1202 1215 TATGCTTTGAATCC 3-8-3 MOE 1332 389998 1199 1210 TTTGAATCCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1331 397967 1198 1211 CTTTGAATCCAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1330 336155 1190 1203 CCAAAAACCTTACT 3-8-3 MOE 1500 336154 1176 1189 ACATCATCAATATT 3-8-3 MOE 1329 389761 1171 1182 CAATATTGTTCC 1-9-2 MOE 1328 389962 1171 1182 CAATATTGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 1328 398037 1170 1181 AATATTGTTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1202 397966 1169 1182 CAATATTGTTCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1327 336153 1164 1177 TTGTTCCTGTATAC 3-8-3 MOE 1326 336152 1149 1162 CCTTCAAGTCTTTC 3-8-3 MOE 1325 389996 1141 1152 TTTCTGCAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1165 336151 1138 1151 TTCTGCAGGAAATC 3-8-3 MOE 1324 398036 1138 1149 CTGCAGGAAATC 1-10-1 MOE 1323 397965 1137 1150 TCTGCAGGAAATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1322 389760 1129 1140 ATCCCATAGCAA 1-9-2 MOE 1321 389961 1129 1140 ATCCCATAGCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1321 398035 1126 1137 CCATAGCAATAA 1-10-1 MOE 1320 336150 1125 1138 CCCATAGCAATAAT 3-8-3 MOE 1319 397964 1125 1138 CCCATAGCAATAAT 2-10-2 MOE 1319 336149 1110 1123 TTTGGATAAATATA 3-8-3 MOE 1496 389995 1106 1117 TAAATATAGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1516 336148 1100 1113 TATAGGTCAAGTCT 3-8-3 MOE 1495 398034 1099 1110 AGGTCAAGTCTA 1-10-1 MOE 1300 397963 1098 1111 TAGGTCAAGTCTAA 2-10-2 MOE 1494 389994 1095 1106 CAAGTCTAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1299 336147 1090 1103 GTCTAAGTCGAATC 3-8-3 MOE 1298 389993 1083 1094 GAATCCATCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 1297 336146 1080 1093 AATCCATCCTCTTG 3-8-3 MOE 1296 398033 1077 1088 ATCCTCTTGATA 1-10-1 MOE 1198 397962 1076 1089 CATCCTCTTGATAT 2-10-2 MOE 1295 336145 1070 1083 CTTGATATCTCCTT 3-8-3 MOE 1294 336144 1057 1070 TTTGTTTCTGCTAA 3-8-3 MOE 1293 389759 1056 1067 GTTTCTGCTAAC 1-9-2 MOE 1292 389960 1056 1067 GTTTCTGCTAAC 1-10-1 MOE 1292 392059 1055 1068 TGTTTCTGCTAACG 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1291 Unmodified cytosines in gap 336143 1044 1057 ACGATCTCTTTGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1290 398032 1038 1049 TTTGATGATGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1222 397961 1037 1050 CTTTGATGATGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1289 389992 1036 1047 TGATGATGGCTG 1-10-1 MOE 1288 336142 1032 1045 ATGATGGCTGTCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1287 389991 1021 1032 TGTCTGGGAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 1286 392058 1020 1033 ATGTCTGGGAGCCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1285 Unmodified cytosines in gap 397960 1020 1033 ATGTCTGGGAGCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1285 389990 1007 1018 TGGCTGAAGAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1284 397959 1006 1019 GTGGCTGAAGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1283 398031 987 998 GAGAGATGGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1282 397958 986 999 AGAGAGATGGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1281 389758 983 994 GATGGCAGAAGC 1-9-2 MOE 1280 389959 983 994 GATGGCAGAAGC 1-10-1 MOE 1280 398030 976 987 GAAGCTGCTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 1143 397957 975 988 AGAAGCTGCTGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1279 389989 953 964 TTCTGCAGGATG 1-10-1 MOE 1170 389757 941 952 GAAATGGCTCTG 1-9-2 MOE 1278 389958 941 952 GAAATGGCTCTG 1-10-1 MOE 1278 397956 940 953 GGAAATGGCTCTGG 2-10-2 MOE 1277 398029 931 942 TGGACTTGGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1186 397955 930 943 CTGGACTTGGCGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1276 398028 914 925 GATGCCCCTCGC 1-10-1 MOE 1275 397954 913 926 TGATGCCCCTCGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1274 398027 883 894 GGACCGCAGCCG 1-10-1 MOE 1155 397953 882 895 TGGACCGCAGCCGG 2-10-2 MOE 1273 389756 874 885 CCGGGTAATGGC 1-9-2 MOE 1272 389957 874 885 CCGGGTAATGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1272 398026 867 878 ATGGCTGCTGCG 1-10-1 MOE 1160 397952 866 879 AATGGCTGCTGCGG 2-10-2 MOE 1271 389987 848 859 CTGGATGGTTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1270 389755 806 817 AGAGGCCTGGCA 1-9-2 MOE 1269 389956 806 817 AGAGGCCTGGCA 1-10-1 MOE 1269 389985 584 595 ATGGTGACAGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1268 398025 581 592 GTGACAGGCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1267 397951 580 593 GGTGACAGGCGACT 2-10-2 MOE 1266 389754 312 323 TGCTCACAGGCG 1-9-2 MOE 1158 389955 312 323 TGCTCACAGGCG 1-10-1 MOE 1158 398024 231 242 CAGCGGCTCAAC 1-10-1 MOE 1265 397950 230 243 ACAGCGGCTCAACT 2-10-2 MOE 1264 389982 205 216 CATGGCTGCAGC 1-10-1 MOE 1161 392056 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 394424 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1263 396007 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (R)-CMOE BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396008 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (S)-CMOE BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396009 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 α-L-methyleneoxy BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396566 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Oxyamino BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396567 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 N-Methyl-Oxyamino BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396568 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (6R)-6-Methyl 1263 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 397913 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 OMe 1263 Unmodified cytosines in gap 401974 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 OMe 1263 Unmodified cytosines 403737 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 5-thiazole nucleobases in wings 404121 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 5-methylcytosine in gaps 3′ Terminal THF phosphorothioate 404228 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 5-methylcytosinse in gaps 5′-terminal reverse abasic 396024 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (6′S)-6′-methyl- 1263 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 396569 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (5′S)-5′-methyl- 1263 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 396577 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-1-1 Methyleneoxy BNA/ 1263 Methyleneoxy BNA/2′- (butylacetamido)-palmitamide/ Unmodified cytosines in gap 396576 204 217 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 1-1-10-2 2′-(butylacetamido)- 1263 palmitamide/Methyleneoxy BNA/ Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines in gap 398023 191 202 CCGAGAGGAGAG 1-10-1 MOE 1262 397949 190 203 TCCGAGAGGAGAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1261 398022 126 137 AAGAGTCCCGCC 1-10-1 MOE 1260 397948 125 138 AAAGAGTCCCGCCA 2-10-2 MOE 1259

TABLE 22 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to SEQ ID NO: 15 5′ 3′ SEQ ISIS Target Target ID No. Site Site Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 397948 525 538 AAAGAGTCCCGCCA 2-10-2 MOE 1259 398022 526 537 AAGAGTCCCGCC 1-10-1 MOE 1260 397949 590 603 TCCGAGAGGAGAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1261 398023 591 602 CCGAGAGGAGAG 1-10-1 MOE 1262 394424 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1263 397913 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 OMe 1263 Unmodified cytosines in gap 401974 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Ome 1263 Unmodified cytosines 403737 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 5-thiazole nucleobases in wings 392056 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines in gap 396576 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 1-1-10-2 2′- 1263 (butylacetamido)- palmitamide/Methyleneoxy BNA/Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines in gap 396577 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-1-2 Methyleneoxy 1263 BNA/Methyleneoxy BNA/ 2′-(butylacetamido)- palmitamide/ Unmodified cytosines in gap 404121 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 5-methylcytosine in gaps 3′ Terminal THF phosphorothioate 404228 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1263 5-methylcytosinse in gaps 5′-terminal reverse abasic 396007 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (R)-CMOE BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396008 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (S)-CMOE BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396009 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 α-L-methyleneoxy 1263 BNA Unmodified cytosines 396024 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (6′S)-6′-methyl- 1263 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 396566 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 Oxyamino BNA 1263 Unmodified cytosines 396567 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 N-Methyl-Oxyamino 1263 BNA Unmodified cytosines 396568 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (6R)-6-Methyl 1263 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 396569 604 617 TCATGGCTGCAGCT 2-10-2 (5′S)-5′-methyl- 1263 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 389982 605 616 CATGGCTGCAGC 1-10-1 MOE 1161 397950 630 643 ACAGCGGCTCAACT 2-10-2 MOE 1264 398024 631 642 CAGCGGCTCAAC 1-10-1 MOE 1265 389955 712 723 TGCTCACAGGCG 1-10-1 MOE 1158 389754 712 723 TGCTCACAGGCG 1-9-2 MOE 1158 397951 980 993 GGTGACAGGCGACT 2-10-2 MOE 1266 398025 981 992 GTGACAGGCGAC 1-10-1 MOE 1267 389985 984 995 ATGGTGACAGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1268 389956 1206 1217 AGAGGCCTGGCA 1-10-1 MOE 1269 389755 1206 1217 AGAGGCCTGGCA 1-9-2 MOE 1269 389987 1248 1259 CTGGATGGTTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1270 397952 1266 1279 AATGGCTGCTGCGG 2-10-2 MOE 1271 398026 1267 1278 ATGGCTGCTGCG 1-10-1 MOE 1160 389957 1274 1285 CCGGGTAATGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1272 389756 1274 1285 CCGGGTAATGGC 1-9-2 MOE 1272 397953 1282 1295 TGGACCGCAGCCGG 2-10-2 MOE 1273 398027 1283 1294 GGACCGCAGCCG 1-10-1 MOE 1155 397954 1313 1326 TGATGCCCCTCGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1274 398028 1314 1325 GATGCCCCTCGC 1-10-1 MOE 1275 397955 1330 1343 CTGGACTTGGCGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1276 398029 1331 1342 TGGACTTGGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1186 397956 1340 1353 GGAAATGGCTCTGG 2-10-2 MOE 1277 389958 1341 1352 GAAATGGCTCTG 1-10-1 MOE 1278 389757 1341 1352 GAAATGGCTCTG 1-9-2 MOE 1278 389989 1353 1364 TTCTGCAGGATG 1-10-1 MOE 1170 397957 1375 1388 AGAAGCTGCTGGTG 2-10-2 MOE 1279 398030 1376 1387 GAAGCTGCTGGT 1-10-1 MOE 1143 389959 1383 1394 GATGGCAGAAGC 1-10-1 MOE 1280 389758 1383 1394 GATGGCAGAAGC 1-9-2 MOE 1280 397958 1386 1399 AGAGAGATGGCAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1281 398031 1387 1398 GAGAGATGGCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1282 397959 1406 1419 GTGGCTGAAGAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1283 389990 1407 1418 TGGCTGAAGAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1284 397960 1420 1433 ATGTCTGGGAGCCT 2-10-2 MOE 1285 392058 1420 1433 ATGTCTGGGAGCCT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1285 5-methylcytosine in wing 389991 1421 1432 TGTCTGGGAGCC 1-10-1 MOE 1286 336142 1432 1445 ATGATGGCTGTCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1287 389992 1436 1447 TGATGATGGCTG 1-10-1 MOE 1288 397961 1437 1450 CTTTGATGATGGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1289 398032 1438 1449 TTTGATGATGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1222 336143 1444 1457 ACGATCTCTTTGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1290 392059 1455 1468 TGTTTCTGCTAACG 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1291 5-methylcytosine in wing 389960 1456 1467 GTTTCTGCTAAC 1-10-1 MOE 1292 389759 1456 1467 GTTTCTGCTAAC 1-9-2 MOE 1292 336144 1457 1470 TTTGTTTCTGCTAA 3-8-3 MOE 1293 336145 1470 1483 CTTGATATCTCCTT 3-8-3 MOE 1294 397962 1476 1489 CATCCTCTTGATAT 2-10-2 MOE 1295 398033 1477 1488 ATCCTCTTGATA 1-10-1 MOE 1198 336146 1480 1493 AATCCATCCTCTTG 3-8-3 MOE 1296 389993 1483 1494 GAATCCATCCTC 1-10-1 MOE 1297 336147 1490 1503 GTCTAAGTCGAATC 3-8-3 MOE 1298 389994 1495 1506 CAAGTCTAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1299 398034 1499 1510 AGGTCAAGTCTA 1-10-1 MOE 1300 398010 1500 1513 TACAGGTCAAGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1166 398077 1501 1512 ACAGGTCAAGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1167 398011 1512 1525 CGCAGAAATGGATA 2-10-2 MOE 1301 398078 1513 1524 GCAGAAATGGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1302 398012 1570 1583 TTCGCATCCGTCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1303 398079 1571 1582 TCGCATCCGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 1304 398013 1663 1676 CCCTAGGTTGAATA 2-10-2 MOE 1305 398080 1664 1675 CCTAGGTTGAAT 1-10-1 MOE 1306 398014 2025 2038 GTTATGCAAATCAG 2-10-2 MOE 1307 398081 2026 2037 TTATGCAAATCA 1-10-1 MOE 1308 398015 2620 2633 TGACTCAGTAAATT 2-10-2 MOE 1309 398082 2621 2632 GACTCAGTAAAT 1-10-1 MOE 1310 398016 2655 2668 TTAAAATTCTTGGG 2-10-2 MOE 1311 398083 2656 2667 TAAAATTCTTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1312 398017 2687 2700 CCTAACTTTTAGAC 2-10-2 MOE 1313 398084 2688 2699 CTAACTTTTAGA 1-10-1 MOE 1314 398018 2745 2758 ACCTGAAACTGCAA 2-10-2 MOE 1315 398085 2746 2757 CCTGAAACTGCA 1-10-1 MOE 1157 398019 13166 13179 GTGTCAAAACCACT 2-10-2 MOE 1316 398086 13167 13178 TGTCAAAACCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1204 398020 14675 14688 CCTATTCCCACTGA 2-10-2 MOE 1317 398087 14676 14687 CTATTCCCACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1318 390033 15351 15362 AGCCAACTGCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1483 398021 30985 30998 TTGGATAAATATCT 2-10-2 MOE 1168 398088 30986 30997 TGGATAAATATC 1-10-1 MOE 1169 397964 31001 31014 CCCATAGCAATAAT 2-10-2 MOE 1319 336150 31001 31014 CCCATAGCAATAAT 3-8-3 MOE 1319 398035 31002 31013 CCATAGCAATAA 1-10-1 MOE 1320 389961 31005 31016 ATCCCATAGCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1321 389760 31005 31016 ATCCCATAGCAA 1-9-2 MOE 1321 397965 31013 31026 TCTGCAGGAAATCC 2-10-2 MOE 1322 398036 31014 31025 CTGCAGGAAATC 1-10-1 MOE 1323 336151 31014 31027 TTCTGCAGGAAATC 3-8-3 MOE 1324 389996 31017 31028 TTTCTGCAGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1165 336152 31025 31038 CCTTCAAGTCTTTC 3-8-3 MOE 1325 336153 31040 31053 TTGTTCCTGTATAC 3-8-3 MOE 1326 397966 31045 31058 CAATATTGTTCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1327 398037 31046 31057 AATATTGTTCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1202 389962 31047 31058 CAATATTGTTCC 1-10-1 MOE 1328 389761 31047 31058 CAATATTGTTCC 1-9-2 MOE 1328 336154 31052 31065 ACATCATCAATATT 3-8-3 MOE 1329 389977 31480 31491 CTTAAAATTTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1421 389776 31480 31491 CTTAAAATTTGG 1-9-2 MOE 1421 397967 62446 62459 CTTTGAATCCAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1330 389998 62447 62458 TTTGAATCCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1331 336156 62450 62463 TATGCTTTGAATCC 3-8-3 MOE 1332 336157 62463 62476 TTGTAATGGTTTTT 3-8-3 MOE 1333 389963 62468 62479 ATCTTGTAATGG 1-10-1 MOE 1334 389762 62468 62479 ATCTTGTAATGG 1-9-2 MOE 1334 336158 62475 62488 AGATTGTATATCTT 3-8-3 MOE 1335 390000 67987 67998 GTCATAATGTCT 1-10-1 MOE 1194 397968 67987 68000 GTGTCATAATGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1195 398038 67988 67999 TGTCATAATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1200 336159 67989 68002 CGGTGTCATAATGT 3-8-3 MOE 1336 336160 67997 68010 AAATTTGGCGGTGT 3-8-3 MOE 1337 397969 67999 68012 TTAAATTTGGCGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1338 398039 68000 68011 TAAATTTGGCGG 1-10-1 MOE 1339 397971 69952 69965 TCTTCAAAAGGATA 2-10-2 MOE 1340 336162 69952 69965 TCTTCAAAAGGATA 3-8-3 MOE 1340 398041 69953 69964 CTTCAAAAGGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1196 389964 69955 69966 GTCTTCAAAAGG 1-10-1 MOE 1197 389763 69955 69966 GTCTTCAAAAGG 1-9-2 MOE 1197 398089 69957 69968 TGGTCTTCAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1341 397972 69963 69976 GTGGGTTATGGTCT 2-10-2 MOE 1342 336163 69963 69976 GTGGGTTATGGTCT 3-8-3 MOE 1342 398042 69964 69975 TGGGTTATGGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1214 336164 69977 69990 AAGTTCTAGCTGTG 3-8-3 MOE 1343 390002 69981 69992 ATAAGTTCTAGC 1-10-1 MOE 1344 336165 69988 70001 AAGGGTTTGATAAG 3-8-3 MOE 1345 390003 70003 70014 AAGATCTTCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1243 397973 70003 70016 TCAAGATCTTCACA 2-10-2 MOE 1346 336166 70003 70016 TCAAGATCTTCACA 3-8-3 MOE 1346 398043 70004 70015 CAAGATCTTCAC 1-10-1 MOE 1244 336167 70012 70025 AGCCATTGGTCAAG 3-8-3 MOE 1347 390004 70021 70032 TTCACTTAGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1208 336168 70021 70034 TCTTCACTTAGCCA 3-8-3 MOE 1348 389965 70040 70051 CTGCAACATGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1018 389764 70040 70051 CTGCAACATGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1018 397974 70040 70053 TGCTGCAACATGAT 2-10-2 MOE 1349 336169 70040 70053 TGCTGCAACATGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1349 398044 70041 70052 GCTGCAACATGA 1-10-1 MOE 1350 336170 70051 70064 TTACAGTGAATTGC 3-8-3 MOE 1351 390005 70059 70070 CCAGCTTTACAG 1-10-1 MOE 1352 389966 70081 70092 CATTACACCAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1353 389765 70081 70092 CATTACACCAGT 1-9-2 MOE 1353 397975 70081 70094 ATCATTACACCAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1354 336171 70081 70094 ATCATTACACCAGT 3-8-3 MOE 1354 398045 70082 70093 TCATTACACCAG 1-10-1 MOE 1355 336172 70096 70109 AATAAATATGCACA 3-8-3 MOE 1356 389967 70123 70134 TGCCTTTAAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1217 389766 70123 70134 TGCCTTTAAAAA 1-9-2 MOE 1217 397976 70123 70136 TGTGCCTTTAAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1357 398046 70124 70135 GTGCCTTTAAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1199 336173 70124 70137 TTGTGCCTTTAAAA 3-8-3 MOE 1358 336174 70131 70144 GGGCCTCTTGTGCC 3-8-3 MOE 1359 336175 70154 70167 CCTTACTTCCCCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1360 335345 70161 70176 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 335356 70161 70176 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335414 70161 70176 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 C in 3′ wing is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335415 70161 70176 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 C in 5′ wing is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335416 70161 70176 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 MOE 1362 C's in wings are 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 336176 70161 70174 CTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-8-3 MOE 1361 335371 70161 70176 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1362 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335382 70161 70176 GTCTCTGGTCCTTACT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1362 335344 70162 70175 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 335355 70162 70175 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335411 70162 70175 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 3′ C is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335412 70162 70175 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 2^(nd) C is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335413 70162 70175 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 MOE 1363 2^(nd) and 3′ terminal C's are 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335370 70162 70175 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1363 Phosphodiester linkage in wings 335381 70162 70175 TCTCTGGTCCTTAC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1363 398068 79799 79810 ACAGCTACACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1472 389968 89056 89067 TCTGACTGGGAA 1-10-1 MOE 1151 389767 89056 89067 TCTGACTGGGAA 1-9-2 MOE 1151 336177 89056 89069 CCTCTGACTGGGAA 3-8-3 MOE 1364 336178 89063 89076 CATAGCGCCTCTGA 3-8-3 MOE 1365 336179 89083 89096 CAGGTAGCTATAAT 3-8-3 MOE 1366 390007 89085 89096 CAGGTAGCTATA 1-10-1 MOE 1367 390009 89135 89146 ATCTTGTGAAAC 1-10-1 MOE 1175 397977 89135 89148 TCATCTTGTGAAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1368 336180 89135 89148 TCATCTTGTGAAAC 3-8-3 MOE 1368 398047 89136 89147 CATCTTGTGAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1369 336181 89145 89158 GTTTCAAACATCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1370 397978 89147 89160 TAGTTTCAAACATC 2-10-2 MOE 1371 398048 89148 89159 AGTTTCAAACAT 1-10-1 MOE 1372 389969 89152 89163 GAATAGTTTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1373 389768 89152 89163 GAATAGTTTCAA 1-9-2 MOE 1373 336182 89155 89168 CATTGGAATAGTTT 3-8-3 MOE 1374 397979 89162 89175 CACTGAACATTGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1375 398049 89163 89174 ACTGAACATTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1376 390010 89165 89176 CCACTGAACATT 1-10-1 MOE 1240 336183 89166 89179 CCGCCACTGAACAT 3-8-3 MOE 1377 397980 94786 94799 CAGACCACAAACTG 2-10-2 MOE 1378 398050 94787 94798 AGACCACAAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1379 392060 94790 94803 CTGGCAGACCACAA 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1380 Unmodified cytosines in gap 389970 94791 94802 TGGCAGACCACA 1-10-1 MOE 1249 389769 94791 94802 TGGCAGACCACA 1-9-2 MOE 1249 336185 94792 94805 AGCTGGCAGACCAC 3-8-3 MOE 1381 397981 94798 94811 ACCTTTAGCTGGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1382 398051 94799 94810 CCTTTAGCTGGC 1-10-1 MOE 1220 336186 94803 94816 TCTTCACCTTTAGC 3-8-3 MOE 1383 390012 94860 94871 TCAAAGTACATG 1-10-1 MOE 1384 336187 94862 94875 GAACTCAAAGTACA 3-8-3 MOE 1385 389971 94865 94876 GGAACTCAAAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1386 389770 94865 94876 GGAACTCAAAGT 1-9-2 MOE 1386 397982 94865 94878 AGGGAACTCAAAGT 2-10-2 MOE 1387 398052 94866 94877 GGGAACTCAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1388 336188 94869 94882 GCTGAGGGAACTCA 3-8-3 MOE 1389 336189 94888 94901 TCACCACACACAGG 3-8-3 MOE 1390 336190 94904 94917 GAACTCTACTTTGA 3-8-3 MOE 1391 389972 94909 94920 GAAGAACTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 1392 389771 94909 94920 GAAGAACTCTAC 1-9-2 MOE 1392 397983 94910 94923 GTGGAAGAACTCTA 2-10-2 MOE 1393 398053 94911 94922 TGGAAGAACTCT 1-10-1 MOE 1394 336191 94915 94928 TGTTTGTGGAAGAA 3-8-3 MOE 1395 336192 94925 94938 CATCTTGTTCTGTT 3-8-3 MOE 1396 397984 97824 97837 AGTGAAACATTTTG 2-10-2 MOE 1397 398054 97825 97836 GTGAAACATTTT 1-10-1 MOE 1144 336194 97827 97840 AAAAGTGAAACATT 3-8-3 MOE 1145 389973 97835 97846 TTACCCAAAAGT 1-10-1 MOE 1398 389772 97835 97846 TTACCCAAAAGT 1-9-2 MOE 1398 336195 97836 97849 TATTTACCCAAAAG 3-8-3 MOE 1399 397985 97837 97850 GTATTTACCCAAAA 2-10-2 MOE 1400 398055 97838 97849 TATTTACCCAAA 1-10-1 MOE 1401 397986 97853 97866 TCCTGGTATGAAGA 2-10-2 MOE 1402 336196 97853 97866 TCCTGGTATGAAGA 3-8-3 MOE 1402 398056 97854 97865 CCTGGTATGAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1403 390015 97857 97868 GGTCCTGGTATG 1-10-1 MOE 1404 336197 97862 97875 TTCCTCTGGTCCTG 3-8-3 MOE 1405 397987 97866 97879 AGGTTTCCTCTGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1406 398057 97867 97878 GGTTTCCTCTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1407 336198 97873 97886 TTTTCTGAGGTTTC 3-8-3 MOE 1408 336199 97891 97904 AGACTTCCATTTTC 3-8-3 MOE 1409 389974 97893 97904 AGACTTCCATTT 1-10-1 MOE 1410 389773 97893 97904 AGACTTCCATTT 1-9-2 MOE 1410 336200 97918 97931 CAAATGCTATCGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1411 336201 97933 97946 GCACGCTCTATACT 3-8-3 MOE 1412 389975 97934 97945 CACGCTCTATAC 1-10-1 MOE 1413 389774 97934 97945 CACGCTCTATAC 1-9-2 MOE 1413 336202 97948 97961 TCCTTGTCATTATC 3-8-3 MOE 1414 397988 97990 98003 GCTTTGTCAAGATC 2-10-2 MOE 1415 389976 97991 98002 CTTTGTCAAGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1177 389775 97991 98002 CTTTGTCAAGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1177 336203 97991 98004 TGCTTTGTCAAGAT 3-8-3 MOE 1416 397989 98017 98030 AAGTATCGGTTGGC 2-10-2 MOE 1417 336204 98017 98030 AAGTATCGGTTGGC 3-8-3 MOE 1417 398058 98018 98029 AGTATCGGTTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1418 336205 98032 98045 TTAAAATTTGGAGA 3-8-3 MOE 1419 397990 98034 98047 CCTTAAAATTTGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1420 389977 98035 98046 CTTAAAATTTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1421 389776 98035 98046 CTTAAAATTTGG 1-9-2 MOE 1421 336207 102230 102243 TCTACTGTTTTTGT 3-8-3 MOE 1422 336208 102236 102249 GGCTCCTCTACTGT 3-8-3 MOE 1423 335330 102251 102265 AGCCTCTGGATTTGA 1-10-4 MOE 1424 335331 102252 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATTTG 1-10-4 MOE 1426 336209 102252 102265 AGCCTCTGGATTTG 3-8-3 MOE 1425 335377 102252 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATTTG 1-10-4 Methyleneoxy BNA 1426 Phosphodiester in 3′ wing 335376 102252 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATTTG 1-10-4 Methyleneoxy BNA 1426 390577 102253 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-10-3 MOE 1427 Unmodified cytosines T's in wings are 2- thiothymines 335332 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-10-4 MOE 1429 386770 102253 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-11-2 MOE 1427 375560 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 MOE 1429 391449 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 MOE 1429 Unmodified cytosines 392055 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 MOE 1429 Unmodified cytosines in gap 362977 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-12-2 MOE 1428 371975 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-2 MOE 1429 386556 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 335341 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 335350 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 383739 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap 390576 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap T's in wings are 2- thiothymines 390580 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 Pyrimidines in wings are 5- thiazole Unmodified cytosines in gap 390581 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 Unmodified cytosines in gap 391096 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 391098 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 391863 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE 1428 Unmodified cytosines 384071 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 OMe 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap 385036 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 OMe/2′-O-methyl- 1428 4′-thio/2′-O-methyl-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wing 335368 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 Phosphodiester linkages in wings 391864 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 Unmodified cytosines in gap 392054 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1429 Unmodified cytosines in gap 391172 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1429 Unmodified cytosines 391865 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 Unmodified cytosines 391868 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 (5′R)-5′-methyl- 1428 Methyleneoxy BNA/ Methyleneoxy BNA/(5′R)- 5′-methyl-Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 391869 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 Methyleneoxy 1428 BNA/(5′S)-5′-methyl- Methyleneoxy BNA/(5′S)- 5′-methyl-Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 384073 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 5-methylcytosine in gap 335379 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 Methyleneoxy BNA 1428 390579 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-1-1-10-3 MOE/4′thio/2′- 1428 O-[(2-methoxy)ethyl]-4′- thio/2′-O-[(2- methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wings Phosphorodiester linkage in wings 390582 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 MOE/4′thio/2′-O- 1428 [(2-methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wings Phosphorodiester linkage in wings 390606 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 1428 MOE/pentaF/pentaF Unmodified cytosines in wings Phosphodiester linkage in wings 384072 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 1428 MOE/pentaF/pentaF Unmodified cytosines in wings 385871 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 OMe/2′-O-[(2- 1428 methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio/2′-O- [(2-methoxy)ethyl]-4′-thio Unmodified cytosines in wing 390607 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-3 MOE/pentaF 1428 Unmodified cytosines in wing 390608 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 1428 MOE/pentaF/pentaF Unmodified cytosines in wing 390609 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 3-10-2-1 MOE/MOE/pentaF 1428 Unmodified cytosines in wing 386682 102253 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATTT 1-2-10-3 2′- 1428 (butylacetamido)- palmitamide/MOE/MOE 391173 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 (5′R)-5′-methyl- 1429 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 391174 102253 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATTT 2-10-3 (5′S)-5′-methyl- 1429 Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines 386970 102254 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 MOE 1432 390578 102254 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 MOE 1432 Unmodified cytosines Ts in wings are 2- thiothymines 335333 102254 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-4 MOE 1430 331429 102254 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 MOE 1431 335349 102254 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 MOE 1431 335367 102254 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1431 Phosphodiester linkages in wings 392061 102254 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1431 Unmodified cytosines in gap 335378 102254 102267 CTAGCCTCTGGATT 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 1431 383991 102254 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 1432 2′-(acetylamino-butyl- acetamido)-cholesterol/ MOE 383992 102254 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 1432 2′-(acetylamino-butyl- acetamido)-cholic acid/MOE 386683 102254 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 1432 5′ terminal 2′- (butylacetamido)- palmitamide/MOE 390614 102254 102266 TAGCCTCTGGATT 1-10-2 PentaF 1432 389954 102255 102266 TAGCCTCTGGAT 1-10-1 MOE 1434 335334 102255 102269 TGCTAGCCTCTGGAT 1-10-4 MOE 1433 389777 102255 102266 TAGCCTCTGGAT 1-9-2 MOE 1434 390430 102256 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines 390431 102256 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines C in wing 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 390432 102256 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 390433 102256 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines Nt 6 is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 390434 102256 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines Nt 7 is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 390435 102256 102268 GCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-2 MOE 1163 Unmodified cytosines Nt 9 is 9- (aminoethoxy)phenoxazine 335335 102256 102270 CTGCTAGCCTCTGGA 1-10-4 MOE 1435 335336 102257 102271 ACTGCTAGCCTCTGG 1-10-4 MOE 1436 335337 102258 102272 AACTGCTAGCCTCTG 1-10-4 MOE 1437 335338 102259 102273 GAACTGCTAGCCTCT 1-10-4 MOE 1438 335339 102260 102274 TGAACTGCTAGCCTC 1-10-4 MOE 1439 335340 102261 102275 TTGAACTGCTAGCCT 1-10-4 MOE 1440 336210 102261 102274 TGAACTGCTAGCCT 3-8-3 MOE 1441 397991 102264 102277 AGTTGAACTGCTAG 2-10-2 MOE 1442 398059 102265 102276 GTTGAACTGCTA 1-10-1 MOE 1443 390017 102268 102279 GAAGTTGAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1444 336211 102269 102282 ACAGAAGTTGAACT 3-8-3 MOE 1445 397992 102293 102306 TCATTGTCACTAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1446 336212 102293 102306 TCATTGTCACTAAC 3-8-3 MOE 1446 398060 102294 102305 CATTGTCACTAA 1-10-1 MOE 1447 389978 102301 102312 TCAGGTTCATTG 1-10-1 MOE 1448 389778 102301 102312 TCAGGTTCATTG 1-9-2 MOE 1448 336213 102303 102316 ATGATCAGGTTCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1449 397993 102307 102320 TATAATGATCAGGT 2-10-2 MOE 1450 398061 102308 102319 ATAATGATCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 1451 336214 102314 102327 GAATATCTATAATG 3-8-3 MOE 1139 390019 102320 102331 GTCAGAATATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1173 397994 102322 102335 TGGTGTCAGAATAT 2-10-2 MOE 1452 398062 102323 102334 GGTGTCAGAATA 1-10-1 MOE 1255 336215 102326 102339 TCAGTGGTGTCAGA 3-8-3 MOE 1453 336216 102339 102352 CTCTGGATCAGAGT 3-8-3 MOE 1454 390020 102340 102351 TCTGGATCAGAG 1-10-1 MOE 1149 336217 102349 102362 AAGGTTCATTCTCT 3-8-3 MOE 1455 397995 102357 102370 TTCATCAAAAGGTT 2-10-2 MOE 1456 389979 102358 102369 TCATCAAAAGGT 1-10-1 MOE 1176 389779 102358 102369 TCATCAAAAGGT 1-9-2 MOE 1176 336218 102358 102371 CTTCATCAAAAGGT 3-8-3 MOE 1457 390021 102360 102371 CTTCATCAAAAG 1-10-1 MOE 1458 336219 102366 102379 ATGCTGATCTTCAT 3-8-3 MOE 1459 336220 102381 102394 TTTTGTAATTTGTG 3-8-3 MOE 1460 336221 102387 102400 TCAGACTTTTGTAA 3-8-3 MOE 1461 390022 102443 102454 CAGTTTATTCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1142 397996 102477 102490 TGTCCTATTGCCAT 2-10-2 MOE 1462 398063 102478 102489 GTCCTATTGCCA 1-10-1 MOE 1205 397997 102487 102500 TCTGACACAATGTC 2-10-2 MOE 1463 398064 102488 102499 CTGACACAATGT 1-10-1 MOE 1464 397998 102505 102518 TGTTCCTATAACTG 2-10-2 MOE 1465 398065 102506 102517 GTTCCTATAACT 1-10-1 MOE 1466 397999 102528 102541 AAGATTGGTCAGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1467 398066 102529 102540 AGATTGGTCAGG 1-10-1 MOE 1468 398000 102561 102574 GTGTCAAAACCCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1469 398067 102562 102573 TGTCAAAACCCT 1-10-1 MOE 1210 390025 102563 102574 GTGTCAAAACCC 1-10-1 MOE 1211 390026 102595 102606 AGCTACACAACC 1-10-1 MOE 1470 398001 102596 102609 CACAGCTACACAAC 2-10-2 MOE 1471 398068 102597 102608 ACAGCTACACAA 1-10-1 MOE 1472 398002 102607 102620 TATATACATGACAC 2-10-2 MOE 1473 398069 102608 102619 ATATACATGACA 1-10-1 MOE 1474 390027 102612 102623 AGGTATATACAT 1-10-1 MOE 1206 398003 102637 102650 AATTTTAAATGTCC 2-10-2 MOE 1475 398070 102638 102649 ATTTTAAATGTC 1-10-1 MOE 1476 390028 102648 102659 TCCTAATTGAAT 1-10-1 MOE 1477 390029 102667 102678 AAAGTGCCATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1478 398004 102689 102702 TTTATAAAACTGGA 2-10-2 MOE 1479 398071 102690 102701 TTATAAAACTGG 1-10-1 MOE 1480 390030 102691 102702 TTTATAAAACTG 1-10-1 MOE 1074 398005 102827 102840 TGCAAACTTATCTG 2-10-2 MOE 1481 398072 102828 102839 GCAAACTTATCT 1-10-1 MOE 1482 390033 102836 102847 AGCCAACTGCAA 1-10-1 MOE 1483 398006 102837 102850 CTTAGCCAACTGCA 2-10-2 MOE 1484 398073 102838 102849 TTAGCCAACTGC 1-10-1 MOE 1485 398007 103069 103082 AGCACCAATATGCT 2-10-2 MOE 1247 398074 103070 103081 GCACCAATATGC 1-10-1 MOE 1248 398008 103267 103280 TAAATCATTGTCAA 2-10-2 MOE 1486 398075 103268 103279 AAATCATTGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 1233 398009 103327 103340 GCACTGGCCTTGAT 2-10-2 MOE 1487 398076 103328 103339 CACTGGCCTTGA 1-10-1 MOE 1488 390041 103332 103343 TTAGCACTGGCC 1-10-1 MOE 1489 390047 103585 103596 TGTGTAAGGTCA 1-10-1 MOE 1490 390049 103636 103647 GTTAATGACATT 1-10-1 MOE 1491 390050 103660 103671 GTATTCAAGTAA 1-10-1 MOE 1140 390052 103780 103791 GACAATTTCTAC 1-10-1 MOE 1492 390054 103862 103873 AACACTGCACAT 1-10-1 MOE 1493

Salts, Prodrugs and Bioequivalents

The antisense compounds provided herein comprise any pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or salts of such esters, or any other functional chemical equivalent which, upon administration to an animal including a human, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) the biologically active metabolite or residue thereof. Accordingly, for example, the disclosure is also drawn to prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the antisense compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such prodrugs, and other bioequivalents.

The term “prodrug” indicates a therapeutic agent that is prepared in an inactive or less active form that is converted to an active form (i.e., drug) within the body or cells thereof by the action of endogenous enzymes, chemicals, and/or conditions. In particular, prodrug versions of the oligonucleotides are prepared as SATE ((S-acetyl-2-thioethyl) phosphate) derivatives according to the methods disclosed in WO 93/24510 or WO 94/26764. Prodrugs can also include antisense compounds wherein one or both ends comprise nucleobases that are cleaved (e.g., by incorporating phosphodiester backbone linkages at the ends) to produce the active compound. In certain embodiments, one or more non-drug moieties is cleaved from a prodrug to yield the active form. In certain such embodiments, such non-drug moieties is not a nucleotide or oligonucleotide.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to physiologically and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described herein: i.e., salts that retain the desired biological activity of the parent compound and do not impart undesired toxicological effects thereto. Sodium salts of antisense oligonucleotides are useful and are well accepted for therapeutic administration to humans.

In certain embodiments, salts, including, but not limited to sodium salts, of double stranded nucleic acids (including but not limited to dsRNA compounds) are also provided.

G. Certain Pharmaceutical Compositions

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise one or more short antisense compound and one or more excipients. In certain such embodiments, excipients are selected from water, salt solutions, alcohol, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose, amylase, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscous paraffin, hydroxymethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is prepared using known techniques, including, but not limited to mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or tabletting processes.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a liquid (e.g., a suspension, elixir and/or solution). In certain of such embodiments, a liquid pharmaceutical composition is prepared using ingredients known in the art, including, but not limited to, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, and coloring agents.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a solid (e.g., a powder, tablet, and/or capsule). In certain of such embodiments, a solid pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more oligonucleotides is prepared using ingredients known in the art, including, but not limited to, starches, sugars, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, and disintegrating agents.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is formulated as a depot preparation. Certain such depot preparations are typically longer acting than non-depot preparations. In certain embodiments, such preparations are administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. In certain embodiments, depot preparations are prepared using suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises a delivery system. Examples of delivery systems include, but are not limited to, liposomes and emulsions. Certain delivery systems are useful for preparing certain pharmaceutical compositions including those comprising hydrophobic compounds. In certain embodiments, certain organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide are used.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises one or more tissue-specific delivery molecules designed to deliver the one or more pharmaceutical agents of the present invention to specific tissues or cell types. For example, in certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions include liposomes coated with a tissue-specific antibody.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises a co-solvent system. Certain of such co-solvent systems comprise, for example, benzyl alcohol, a nonpolar surfactant, a water-miscible organic polymer, and an aqueous phase. In certain embodiments, such co-solvent systems are used for hydrophobic compounds. A non-limiting example of such a co-solvent system is the VPD co-solvent system, which is a solution of absolute ethanol comprising 3% w/v benzyl alcohol, 8% w/v of the nonpolar surfactant Polysorbate 80.™., and 65% w/v polyethylene glycol 300. The proportions of such co-solvent systems may be varied considerably without significantly altering their solubility and toxicity characteristics. Furthermore, the identity of co-solvent components may be varied: for example, other surfactants may be used instead of Polysorbate 80™; the fraction size of polyethylene glycol may be varied; other biocompatible polymers may replace polyethylene glycol, e.g., polyvinyl pyrrolidone; and other sugars or polysaccharides may substitute for dextrose.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises a sustained-release system. A non-limiting example of such a sustained-release system is a semi-permeable matrix of solid hydrophobic polymers. In certain embodiments, sustained-release systems may, depending on their chemical nature, release pharmaceutical agents over a period of hours, days, weeks or months.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is prepared for oral administration. In certain of such embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is formulated by combining one or more oligonucleotides with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Certain of such carriers enable pharmaceutical compositions to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, liquids, gels, syrups, slurries, suspensions and the like, for oral ingestion by a subject. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions for oral use are obtained by mixing oligonucleotide and one or more solid excipient. Suitable excipients include, but are not limited to, fillers, such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In certain embodiments, such a mixture is optionally ground and auxiliaries are optionally added. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are formed to obtain tablets or dragee cores. In certain embodiments, disintegrating agents (e.g., cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate) are added.

In certain embodiments, dragee cores are provided with coatings. In certain such embodiments, concentrated sugar solutions may be used, which may optionally comprise gum arabic, talc, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carbopol gel, polyethylene glycol, and/or titanium dioxide, lacquer solutions, and suitable organic solvents or solvent mixtures. Dyestuffs or pigments may be added to tablets or dragee coatings.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration are push-fit capsules made of gelatin. Certain of such push-fit capsules comprise one or more pharmaceutical agents of the present invention in admixture with one or more filler such as lactose, binders such as starches, and/or lubricants such as talc or magnesium stearate and, optionally, stabilizers. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration are soft, sealed capsules made of gelatin and a plasticizer, such as glycerol or sorbitol. In certain soft capsules, one or more pharmaceutical agents of the present invention are be dissolved or suspended in suitable liquids, such as fatty oils, liquid paraffin, or liquid polyethylene glycols. In addition, stabilizers may be added.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are prepared for buccal administration. Certain of such pharmaceutical compositions are tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is prepared for administration by injection (e.g., intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, etc.). In certain of such embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprises a carrier and is formulated in aqueous solution, such as water or physiologically compatible buffers such as Hanks's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer. In certain embodiments, other ingredients are included (e.g., ingredients that aid in solubility or serve as preservatives). In certain embodiments, injectable suspensions are prepared using appropriate liquid carriers, suspending agents and the like. Certain pharmaceutical compositions for injection are presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers. Certain pharmaceutical compositions for injection are suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may comprise formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Certain solvents suitable for use in pharmaceutical compositions for injection include, but are not limited to, lipophilic solvents and fatty oils, such as sesame oil, synthetic fatty acid esters, such as ethyl oleate or triglycerides, and liposomes. Aqueous injection suspensions may comprise substances that increase the viscosity of the suspension, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sorbitol, or dextran. Optionally, such suspensions may also comprise suitable stabilizers or agents that increase the solubility of the pharmaceutical agents to allow for the preparation of highly concentrated solutions.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is prepared for transmucosal administration. In certain of such embodiments penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is prepared for administration by inhalation. Certain of such pharmaceutical compositions for inhalation are prepared in the form of an aerosol spray in a pressurized pack or a nebulizer. Certain of such pharmaceutical compositions comprise a propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In certain embodiments using a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit may be determined with a valve that delivers a metered amount. In certain embodiments, capsules and cartridges for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated. Certain of such formulations comprise a powder mixture of a pharmaceutical agent of the invention and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is prepared for rectal administration, such as a suppositories or retention enema. Certain of such pharmaceutical compositions comprise known ingredients, such as cocoa butter and/or other glycerides.

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition is prepared for topical administration. Certain of such pharmaceutical compositions comprise bland moisturizing bases, such as ointments or creams. Exemplary suitable ointment bases include, but are not limited to, petrolatum, petrolatum plus volatile silicones, lanolin and water in oil emulsions such as Eucerin.™., available from Beiersdorf (Cincinnati, Ohio). Exemplary suitable cream bases include, but are not limited to, Nivea.™. Cream, available from Beiersdorf (Cincinnati, Ohio), cold cream (USP), Purpose Cream.™., available from Johnson & Johnson (New Brunswick, N.J.), hydrophilic ointment (USP) and Lubriderm.™., available from Pfizer (Morris Plains, N.J.).

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises an oligonucleotide in a therapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount is sufficient to prevent, alleviate or ameliorate symptoms of a disease or to prolong the survival of the subject being treated. Determination of a therapeutically effective amount is well within the capability of those skilled in the art.

In certain embodiments, one or more short antisense compound of the present invention is formulated as a prodrug. In certain embodiments, upon in vivo administration, a prodrug is chemically converted to the biologically, pharmaceutically or therapeutically more active form of the short antisense compound. In certain embodiments, prodrugs are useful because they are easier to administer than the corresponding active form. For example, in certain instances, a prodrug may be more bioavailable (e.g., through oral administration) than is the corresponding active form. In certain instances, a prodrug may have improved solubility compared to the corresponding active form. In certain embodiments, prodrugs are less water soluble than the corresponding active form. In certain instances, such prodrugs possess superior transmittal across cell membranes, where water solubility is detrimental to mobility. In certain embodiments, a prodrug is an ester. In certain such embodiments, the ester is metabolically hydrolyzed to carboxylic acid upon administration. In certain instances the carboxylic acid containing compound is the corresponding active form. In certain embodiments, a prodrug comprises a short peptide (polyaminoacid) bound to an acid group. In certain of such embodiments, the peptide is cleaved upon administration to form the corresponding active form.

In certain embodiments, a prodrug is produced by modifying a pharmaceutically active compound such that the active compound will be regenerated upon in vivo administration. The prodrug can be designed to alter the metabolic stability or the transport characteristics of a drug, to mask side effects or toxicity, to improve the flavor of a drug or to alter other characteristics or properties of a drug. By virtue of knowledge of pharmacodynamic processes and drug metabolism in vivo, those of skill in this art, once a pharmaceutically active compound is known, can design prodrugs of the compound (see, e.g., Nogrady (1985) Medicinal Chemistry A Biochemical Approach, Oxford University Press, New York, pages 388-392).

In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more pharmaceutical agents of the present invention is useful for treating a conditions or disorders in a mammalian, and particularly in a human, subject. Suitable administration routes include, but are not limited to, oral, rectal, transmucosal, intestinal, enteral, topical, suppository, through inhalation, intrathecal, intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intranasal, intraocular and parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular, intramedullary, and subcutaneous). In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical intrathecals are administered to achieve local rather than systemic exposures. For example, pharmaceutical compositions may be injected directly in the area of desired effect (e.g., in the renal or cardiac area).

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds, compared to their parent oligonucleotides, make them particularly suited to oral administration. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are better suited for oral administration than their parent oligonucleotides because they have increased potency compared to those parent oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds are better suited for oral administration than their parent oligonucleotides because they have better stability, availability or solubility properties compared to those parent oligonucleotides.

In a further aspect, a pharmaceutical agent is sterile lyophilized oligonucleotide that is reconstituted with a suitable diluent, e.g., sterile water for injection. The reconstituted product is administered as a subcutaneous injection or as an intravenous infusion after dilution into saline. The lyophilized drug product consists of the oligonucleotide which has been prepared in water for injection, adjusted to pH 7.0-9.0 with acid or base during preparation, and then lyophilized. The lyophilized oligonucleotide may be 25-800 mg of the oligonucleotide. It is understood that this encompasses 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, 375, 425, 450, 475, 500, 525, 550, 575, 600, 625, 650, 675, 700, 725, 750, 775, and 800 mg of lyophilized oligonucleotide. The lyophilized drug product may be packaged in a 2 mL Type I, clear glass vial (ammonium sulfate-treated), stoppered with a bromobutyl rubber closure and sealed with an aluminum FLIP-OFF® overseal.

The compositions of the present invention may additionally comprise other adjunct components conventionally found in pharmaceutical compositions, at their art-established usage levels. Thus, for example, the compositions may comprise additional, compatible, pharmaceutically-active materials such as, for example, antipruritics, astringents, local anesthetics or anti-inflammatory agents, or may comprise additional materials useful in physically formulating various dosage forms of the compositions of the present invention, such as dyes, flavoring agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opacifiers, thickening agents and stabilizers. However, such materials, when added, should not unduly interfere with the biological activities of the components of the compositions of the present invention. The formulations can be sterilized and, if desired, mixed with auxiliary agents, e.g., lubricants, preservatives, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing osmotic pressure, buffers, colorings, flavorings and/or aromatic substances and the like which do not deleteriously interact with the oligonucleotide(s) of the formulation.

The antisense compounds provided herein may also be admixed, encapsulated, conjugated or otherwise associated with other molecules, molecule structures or mixtures of compounds.

Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions and formulations which include the antisense compounds provided herein. The pharmaceutical compositions may be administered in a number of ways depending upon whether local or systemic treatment is desired and upon the area to be treated. In a preferred embodiment, administration is topical to the surface of the respiratory tract, particularly pulmonary, e.g., by nebulization, inhalation, or insufflation of powders or aerosols, by mouth and/or nose.

The pharmaceutical formulations described herein, which may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form, may be prepared according to conventional techniques well known in the pharmaceutical industry. Such techniques include the step of bringing into association the active ingredients with the pharmaceutical carrier(s) or excipient(s). In general, the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredients with liquid carriers, finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product (e.g., into a specific particle size for delivery). In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical formulations are prepared for pulmonary administration in an appropriate solvent, e.g., water or normal saline, possibly in a sterile formulation, with carriers or other agents to allow for the formation of droplets of the desired diameter for delivery using inhalers, nasal delivery devices, nebulizers, and other devices for pulmonary delivery. Alternatively, the pharmaceutical formulations may be formulated as dry powders for use in dry powder inhalers.

A “pharmaceutical carrier” or “excipient” can be a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent, suspending agent or any other pharmacologically inert vehicle for delivering one or more nucleic acids to an individual and are known in the art. The excipient may be liquid or solid and is selected, with the planned manner of administration in mind, so as to provide for the desired bulk, consistency, etc., when combined with a nucleic acid and the other components of a given pharmaceutical composition.

H. Certain Therapeutic Uses

In certain embodiments, antisense compounds are used to modulate the expression of a target gene in an animal, such as a human. In certain embodiments, such compounds can be used to treat metabolic disorders or modulate one or more disease indications. For example, the methods comprise the step of administering to said animal in need of therapy for a disease or condition associated with a target gene an effective amount of an antisense compound that modulates expression of the target gene. Antisense compounds provided herein which effectively modulate expression of a target RNA or protein products of expression are considered active antisense compounds. Active antisense compounds also include compounds which effectively modulate one or more of a number of disease indications, including metabolic and cardiovascular disease indications, examples of which are described below.

Modulation of expression of a target gene can be measured in a bodily fluid, which may or may not contain cells; tissue; or organ of the animal. Methods of obtaining samples for analysis, such as body fluids (e.g., sputum, serum, urine), tissues (e.g., biopsy), or organs, and methods of preparation of the samples to allow for analysis are well known to those skilled in the art. Methods for analysis of RNA and protein levels are discussed above and are well known to those skilled in the art. The effects of treatment can be assessed by measuring biomarkers, or disease indications, associated with the target gene expression in the aforementioned fluids, tissues or organs, collected from an animal contacted with one or more compounds described herein, by routine clinical methods known in the art. These biomarkers include but are not limited to: liver transaminases, bilirubin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatine and other markers of kidney and liver function; interleukins, tumor necrosis factors, intracellular adhesion molecules, C-reactive protein, chemokines, cytokines, and other markers of inflammation.

The antisense compounds provided herein can be utilized in pharmaceutical compositions by adding an effective amount of a compound to a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. Acceptable carriers and diluents are well known to those skilled in the art. Selection of a diluent or carrier is based on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the solubility of the compound and the route of administration. Such considerations are well understood by those skilled in the art. In one aspect, the antisense compounds described herein inhibit expression of a target gene. The compounds can also be used in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diseases and disorders related to a target gene.

Methods whereby bodily fluids, organs or tissues are contacted with an effective amount of one or more of the antisense compounds or compositions provided herein are also contemplated. Bodily fluids, organs or tissues can be contacted with one or more of the compounds resulting in modulation of target gene expression in the cells of bodily fluids, organs or tissues. An effective amount can be determined by monitoring the modulatory effect of the antisense compound or compounds or compositions on target nucleic acids or their products by methods routine to the skilled artisan.

Co-Administration

In certain embodiments, two or more antisense compounds are co-administered. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions include one or more antisense compounds, particularly oligonucleotides, targeted to a first nucleic acid and one or more antisense compounds targeted to a second nucleic acid target. One or more of those antisense compounds may be a short antisense compound. In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions include two or more antisense compounds targeted to different regions of the same nucleic acid target. One or more of such antisense compounds may be a short antisense compound. Two or more combined compounds may be used together or sequentially.

In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions are co-administered with one or more other pharmaceutical agents. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat the same disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat a different disease or condition as the one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, such one or more other pharmaceutical agents are designed to treat an undesired effect of one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are co-administered with another pharmaceutical agent to treat an undesired effect of that other pharmaceutical agent. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at the same time. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are administered at different times. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared together in a single formulation. In certain embodiments, one or more pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention and one or more other pharmaceutical agents are prepared separately.

In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include lipid-lowering agents. In certain such embodiments, pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and ezetimibe. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered prior to administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments, the lipid-lowering agent is administered following administration of a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the lipid-lowering agent is administered at the same time as a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is the same as the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is lower than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone. In certain such embodiments the dose of a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is greater than the dose that would be administered if the lipid-lowering agent was administered alone.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is a statin. In certain such embodiments the statin is selected from atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and rosuvastatin. In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments, cholesterol absorption inhibitor is ezetimibe. In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a co-formulated HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and cholesterol absorption inhibitor. In certain such embodiments the co-formulated lipid-lowering agent is ezetimibe/simvastatin. In certain embodiments, a co-administered lipid-lowering agent is a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a bile acid sequestrant. In certain such embodiments, the bile acid sequestrant is selected from cholestyramine, colestipol, and colesevelam.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a nicotinic acid. In certain such embodiments, the nicotinic acid is selected from immediate release nicotinic acid, extended release nicotinic acid, and sustained release nicotinic acid.

In certain embodiments, a co-administered pharmaceutical agent is a fibric acid. In certain such embodiments, a fibric acid is selected from gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, clofibrate, bezafibrate, and ciprofibrate.

Further examples of pharmaceutical agents that may be co-administered with a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, corticosteroids, including but not limited to prednisone; immunoglobulins, including, but not limited to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg); analgesics (e.g., acetaminophen); anti-inflammatory agents, including, but not limited to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen, COX-1 inhibitors, and COX-2, inhibitors); salicylates; antibiotics; antivirals; antifungal agents; antidiabetic agents (e.g., biguanides, glucosidase inhibitors, insulins, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidenediones); adrenergic modifiers; diuretics; hormones (e.g., anabolic steroids, androgen, estrogen, calcitonin, progestin, somatostan, and thyroid hormones); immunomodulators; muscle relaxants; antihistamines; osteoporosis agents (e.g., biphosphonates, calcitonin, and estrogens); prostaglandins, antineoplastic agents; psychotherapeutic agents; sedatives; poison oak or poison sumac products; antibodies; vaccines.

In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered in conjuction with a lipid-lowering therapy. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is therapeutic lifestyle change. In certain such embodiments, a lipid-lowering therapy is LDL apheresis.

I. Kits, Research Reagents and Diagnostics

The antisense compounds provided herein can be utilized for diagnostics, and as research reagents and kits. Furthermore, antisense compounds, which are able to inhibit gene expression or modulate gene expression with specificity, are often used by those of ordinary skill to elucidate the function of particular genes or to distinguish between functions of various members of a biological pathway.

For use in kits and diagnostics, the antisense compounds described herein, either alone or in combination with other compounds or therapeutics, can be used as tools in differential and/or combinatorial analyses to elucidate expression patterns of a portion or the entire complement of genes expressed within cells and tissues. Methods of gene expression analysis are well known to those skilled in the art.

J. Certain Advantages of Short Antisense Compounds

In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have advantages when compared to their parent oligonucleotides. For example, in certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have greater affinity for a target nucleic acid than their parent oligonucleotide. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have greater potency in vitro than their parent oligonucleotide. In certain such embodiments, that increased in vitro potency is not entirely explained by increased affinity. In certain embodiments, such increased in vitro potency may be attributable to increased ability of short antisense compounds to penetrate cells and/or increased ability to access target nucleic acids in a cell. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have greater potency in vivo than their parent oligonucleotides. In certain embodiments, such greater in vivo potency is not attributable to increased in vitro potency or increased affinity. In certain embodiments, short antisense compounds have even greater in vivo potency compared to their parent oligonucleotides than would be predicted based on in vitro potencies or on affinities. In certain embodiments, such increased in vivo potency may be attributable to increased bioavailability, better penetration into the cell, better access to target nucleic acid once in the cell, or other factors.

In certain embodiments, one would expect short antisense compounds to be less specific for their target nucleic acid compared to their parent oligonucleotides. In certain such embodiments, one would expect increased side-effects, including potential for toxic effects, from short antisense compounds. In certain embodiments, such additional side-effects are not observed. In certain embodiments, non-target nucleic acids to which a particular short antisense compound may bind are not available to the short antisense compound. In such embodiments, side-effects, including toxicity, are less problematic than would be predicted.

In certain embodiments, because they are smaller, short antisense compounds are less likely to bind proteins. In certain such embodiments, such less binding of proteins results in lower toxicity, since protein binding may have undesired consequences. In certain embodiments, such less binding of proteins results in greater potency, since it leaves more antisense compound available for therapeutic effect. In certain embodiments, less binding of proteins results in decreased drug-drug interaction toxicity.

NONLIMITING DISCLOSURE AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

While certain compounds, compositions and methods described herein have been described with specificity in accordance with certain embodiments, the following examples serve only to illustrate the compounds described herein and are not intended to limit the same. Each of the references, GenBank accession numbers, and the like recited in the present application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Example 1 Cell Culture and Treatment with Short Antisense Compounds

The effect of short antisense compounds on target nucleic acid expression can be tested in any one of a number of cultured or primary cell lines. Cells lines can be obtained from publicly available sources, such as the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, Va.). Cells are cultured according to methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

When cells reached appropriate confluency, they were treated with oligonucleotide using LIPOFECTIN® as described. When cells reached 65-75% confluency, they were treated with oligonucleotide. Oligonucleotide was mixed with LIPOFECTIN® Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.) in Opti-MEMS-1 reduced serum medium (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif.) to achieve the desired concentration of oligonucleotide and a LIPOFECTIN® concentration of 2.5- or 3 μg/mL per 100 nM oligonucleotide. This transfection mixture was incubated at room temperature for approximately 0.5 hours. For cells grown in 96-well plates, wells were washed once with 100 μL OPTI-MEM®-1 and then treated with 130 μL of the transfection mixture. Cells grown in 24-well plates or other standard tissue culture plates were treated similarly, using appropriate volumes of medium and oligonucleotide. Cells were treated and data were obtained in duplicate or triplicate. After approximately 4-7 hours of treatment at 37° C., the medium containing the transfection mixture was replaced with fresh culture medium. Cells were harvested 16-24 hours after oligonucleotide treatment.

Control oligonucleotides are used to determine the optimal oligomeric compound concentration for a particular cell line. Furthermore, when oligomeric compounds are tested in oligomeric compound screening experiments or phenotypic assays, control oligonucleotides are tested in parallel.

The concentration of oligonucleotide used varies from cell line to cell line. To determine the optimal oligonucleotide concentration for a particular cell line, the cells are treated with a positive control oligonucleotide at a range of concentrations. The concentration of positive control oligonucleotide that results in 80% inhibition of the target mRNA is then utilized as the screening concentration for new oligonucleotides in subsequent experiments for that cell line. If 80% inhibition is not achieved, the lowest concentration of positive control oligonucleotide that results in 60% inhibition of the target mRNA is then utilized as the oligonucleotide screening concentration in subsequent experiments for that cell line. If 60% inhibition is not achieved, that particular cell line is deemed as unsuitable for oligonucleotide transfection experiments. The concentrations of antisense oligonucleotides used herein are from 50 nM to 300 nM when the antisense oligonucleotide is transfected using a liposome reagent and 1 nM to 40 nM when the antisense oligonucleotide is transfected by electroporation.

Example 2 Real-time Quantitative PCR Analysis of Target mRNA Levels

Quantitation of target mRNA levels was accomplished by real-time quantitative PCR using the ABI PRISM® 7600, 7700, or 7900 Sequence Detection System (PE-Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) according to manufacturer's instructions.

Prior to quantitative PCR analysis, primer-probe sets specific to the target gene being measured were evaluated for their ability to be “multiplexed” with a GAPDH amplification reaction. After isolation the RNA is subjected to sequential reverse transcriptase (RT) reaction and real-time PCR, both of which are performed in the same well. RT and PCR reagents were obtained from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, Calif.). RT, real-time PCR was carried out in the same by adding 20 μL PCR cocktail (2.5×PCR buffer minus MgCl₂, 6.6 mM MgCl₂, 375 μM each of DATP, dCTP, dCTP and dGTP, 375 nM each of forward primer and reverse primer, 125 nM of probe, 4 Units RNAse inhibitor, 1.25 Units PLATINUM® Taq, 5 Units MuLV reverse transcriptase, and 2.5×ROX dye) to 96-well plates containing 30 μL total RNA solution (20-200 ng). The RT reaction was carried out by incubation for 30 minutes at 48° C. Following a 10 minute incubation at 95° C. to activate the PLATINUM® Taq, 40 cycles of a two-step PCR protocol were carried out: 95° C. for 15 seconds (denaturation) followed by 60° C. for 1.5 minutes (annealing/extension).

Gene target quantities obtained by RT, real-time PCR were normalized using either the expression level of GAPDH, a gene whose expression is constant, or by quantifying total RNA using RiboGreen® (Molecular Probes, Inc. Eugene, Oreg.). GAPDH expression was quantified by RT, real-time PCR, by being run simultaneously with the target, multiplexing, or separately. Total RNA was quantified using RiboGreen® RNA quantification reagent (Molecular Probes, Inc. Eugene, Oreg.).

170 μL of RiboGreen® working reagent (RiboGreen® reagent diluted 1:350 in 10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) was pipetted into a 96-well plate containing 30 μL purified cellular RNA. The plate was read in a CytoFluor 4000 (PE Applied Biosystems) with excitation at 485 nm and emission at 530 nm.

The GAPDH PCR probes have JOE covalently linked to the 5′ end and TAMRA or MGB covalently linked to the 3′ end, where JOE is the fluorescent reporter dye and TAMRA or MGB is the quencher dye. In some cell types, primers and probe designed to a GAPDH sequence from a different species are used to measure GAPDH expression. For example, a human GAPDH primer and probe set is used to measure GAPDH expression in monkey-derived cells and cell lines.

Probes and primers for use in real-time PCR were designed to hybridize to target nucleic acids using routine methods. For example, PrimerExpress® (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) software is routinely used to design probes and primers for use in real-time PCR. Examples of primer and probe sequences and the target nucleic acids to which they hybridize are presented in Table 24. The target-specific PCR probes have FAM covalently linked to the 5′ end and TAMRA or MGB covalently linked to the 3′ end, where FAM is the fluorescent dye and TAMRA or MGB is the quencher dye.

TABLE 24 Target-specific primers and probes for use in real-time PCR Sequence SEQ Target Descrip- ID Name Species tion Sequence (5′ to 3′) NO ApoB Mouse Forward CGTGGGCTCCAGCATTCTA 1524 Primer ApoB Mouse Reverse AGTCATTTCTGCCTTTGCGTC 1525 Primer ApoB Mouse Probe CCAATGGTCGGGCACTGCTCAA 1526 ApoB Mouse Forward GAAAATAGACTTCCTGAAT 1527 Primer AACTATGCATT ApoB Mouse Reverse ACTCGCTTGCCAGCTTGC 1528 Primer ApoB Mouse Probe TTTCTGAGTCCCCGTGCCCA 1529 ACA GCGR Mouse Forward TGAGCCTTGCCACCTTCTCT 1530 Primer GCGR Mouse Reverse GCGCACCCCAGCCAA 1531 Primer GCGR Mouse Probe AGAGGAGCTTCTTTTCCCTCT 1532 ACCTGGGC GCGR Mouse Forward ATTTCCTGCCCCTGGTACCT 1533 Primer GCGR Mouse Reverse CGGGCCCACACCTCTTG 1534 Primer GCGR Mouse Probe CCACAAAGTGCAGCACCGCCTA 1535 GTGT PTEN Mouse Forward GCCACAGGCTCCCAGACAT 1536 Primer PTEN Mouse Reverse TCCATCCTCTTGATATCTCCT 1537 Primer TTTG PTEN Mouse Probe ACAGCCATCATCAAAGAGATCG 1538 TTAGCAGAA PTEN Mouse Forward ATGACAATCATGTTGCAGCAAT 1539 Primer TC PTEN Mouse Reverse CGATGCAATAAATATGCACAA 1540 Primer ATCA PTEN Mouse Probe CTGTAAAGCTGGAAAGGGACGG 1541 ACTGGT

Example 3 Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to an ApoB Nucleic Acid and having 2′-MOE or Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA Modifications

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with antisense compounds targeted to ApoB, at a frequency of twice per week for three weeks. Antisense compound doses included 2.4, 1.2, 0.6, 0.3 and 0.15 μmol/kg. For antisense compounds 14 nucleotides in length, these doses equate to approximately 12, 6, 3, 1.5 or 0.75 mg/kg, respectively. Shown in Table 25 are the sequences and motifs of the antisense compounds used in this study. The antisense compounds are either 20 or 14 nucleotides in length and have a central “gap” region consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides flanked by wings having 2′-O-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) or BNA modified “wings.” For example, the 2-10-2 MOE gapmer motif indicates an antisense compound with a gap of ten nucleotides flanked by 2 nucleotide wings with 2′-MOE modifications. Bolded residues indicate 2′-O-methoxyethyl moieties and italicized residues indicate methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNAs. The internucleoside linkages of each compound are phosphorothioate throughout. All cytosine residues of ISIS 147764 and ISIS 372938 are replaced by 5-methyl cytosines. For ISIS 387462, only the cytosine residue in the wing of the compound is replaced by 5-methyl cytosine. ApoB antisense compounds are targeted to publicly available ApoB-100 sequences, including Genbank Accession No. XM_(—)137955.5 (SEQ ID NO: 2).

TABLE 25 Antisense Compounds Targeted to an ApoB nucleic acid Target 5′ SEQ ISIS SEQ Target Sequence ID NO ID NO Site (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 147764 2 8865 GTCCCTGAAGATG 5-10-5 MOE 1561 TCAATGC 372938 2 8235 GGTACATGGAAG 2-10-2 MOE 190 TC 387462 2 8235 GGTACATGGAAG 2-10-2 190 TC methyleneoxy (4′- CH₂—O-2′) BNA

Forty-eight hours following the final injection, mice were sacrificed to evaluate transaminases (Table 26); liver and kidney weight (Table 27); triglyceride, LDL, HDL and free fatty acid levels (Table 28); target mRNA level in liver (Table 29); target protein level in plasma; and oligonucleotide tissue concentration (Table 30). These endpoints were determined using methods described herein and well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

TABLE 26 ALT and AST Levels (IU/L) Dose ISIS NO μmol/kg ALT AST Saline N/A 27.8 46.3 147764 2.4 29.5 64.0 372938 2.4 26.0 49.0 372938 1.2 24.8 49.5 372938 0.6 28.0 79.3 372938 0.3 28.3 60.0 372938 0.15 28.3 50.3 387462 2.4 41.3 84.0 387462 1.2 35.3 63.5 387462 0.6 32.0 77.3 387462 0.3 27.8 55.0 387462 0.15 29.3 68.3

TABLE 27 Liver and Kidney Weight (% of saline control) Dose ISIS NO μmol/kg Liver Kidney Saline N/A 100 100 147764 2.4 102 105 372938 2.4 100 100 372938 1.2 90 101 372938 0.6 96 112 372938 0.3 91 107 372938 0.15 96 98 387462 2.4 116 90 387462 1.2 113 90 387462 0.6 106 97 387462 0.3 101 126 387462 0.15 95 100

Total body weight and food consumption did not differ significantly between saline-treated or oligonucleotide-treated animals. Glucose levels also were similar among all treatment groups.

TABLE 28 Triglyceride (TRIG), Total Cholesterol (CHOL), HDL, LDL and Free Fatty Acid (FFA) Levels Dose TRIG CHOL HDL LDL FFA ISIS NO μmol/kg (mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) (mg/dL) Saline N/A 167 107 81.8 11.0 1.76 147764 2.4 167 107 81.3 10.3 1.29 372938 2.4 153 104 79.0 10.3 1.28 372938 1.2 136 101 77.8 9.5 1.70 372938 0.6 184 110 83.3 10.8 1.66 372938 0.3 138 109 84.3 11.0 1.53 372938 0.15 151 106 82.8 10.8 1.57 387462 2.4 49 14 9.0 1.5 0.74 387462 1.2 71 23 16.5 2.0 0.76 387462 0.6 150 55 39.3 3.7 1.43 387462 0.3 136 92 72.8 7.5 1.14 387462 0.15 163 104 81.5 9.3 1.47

TABLE 29 % ApoB mRNA Level (relative to saline control) 2.4 1.2 0.6 0.3 0.15 ISIS NO μmol/kg μmol/kg μmol/kg μmol/kg μmol/kg 147764 57.7 ND ND ND ND 372938 77.0 90.0 87.3 92.6 93.1 387462 1.5 8.5 27.4 58.9 75.8

Treatment with ISIS 387462 resulted in a significant and dose-dependent decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and free fatty acids. In accordance with these phenotypic findings, treatment with ISIS 387462 also led to a dose-dependent reduction in ApoB mRNA (Table 29) and protein (not shown) levels in mouse plasma. To determine whether the observed increase in efficiency with the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA gapmer is due to an increase in oligonucleotide accumulation, full-length and total oligonucleotide concentration in the liver and kidney were determined.

TABLE 30 Full-length and Total Antisense Compound Tissue Concentration (μM) Relative to ApoB mRNA level (% of saline control) Kidney Dose Full- Liver Kidney Liver ApoB ISIS NO μmol/kg Length Full-Length Total Total mRNA 147764 2.4 28.6 22.9 33.5 31.3 58 372938 2.4 32.0 5.49 34.0 7.76 77 387462 2.4 37.2 5.69 38.9 7.31 1.5 387462 1.2 29.8 3.71 31.3 4.91 8.5 387462 0.6 18.9 1.97 20.0 2.57 27 387462 0.3 9.11 0.73 9.49 0.78 59 387462 0.15 6.97 0.19 7.43 0.24 76

Levels of the 2-10-2 methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA gapmer were similar to the 5-10-5 and 2-10-2 MOE gapmers in the kidney, but significantly reduced in the liver. The EC₅₀ for ISIS 387462 in the liver was determined by comparing oligonucleotide concentration in the liver to inhibition of ApoB mRNA. The approximate EC₅₀ for ISIS 387462 is 1 μM. In contrast, an effective 5-10-5 MOE gapmer compound typically has an EC₅₀ of approximately 15 μM in the liver.

Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ApoB short gapmer having methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂-0-2′) in the wings is a potent inhibitor of target mRNA expression and can effectively lower triglycerides, cholesterol and free fatty acids. The potency of the short antisense compound does not appear to be a result of increased tissue accumulation since similar levels of the compound were observed in kidney and reduced levels were found in the liver, relative to the 5-10-5 MOE gapmer. In addition, the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA gapmer exhibited little to no adverse side effects.

Example 4 Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to a GCGR Nucleic Acid and Having 2′-MOE Modifications

Eight-week old male C57/BL6 mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single dose of GCGR oligonucleotide by intraperitoneal injection at a concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 mg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. Shown in Table 31 are the sequences, motifs and conjugates of the GCGR antisense compounds used in this study. Bolded residues indicate 2′-O-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) moieties. All compounds comprise phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages throughout and each cytosine is replaced with 5-methylcytosine. ISIS 386626, ISIS 386627 and ISIS 386628 further comprise a C₁₆ conjugate group attached to the 2′-O position of the sugar via a diamide linkage (2′-OCH₂C(═O)N(H)(CH₂)₄N(H)C(═O)—(CH₂)₁₅CH₃). GCGR antisense compounds target published GCGR sequences, including Genbank® Accession No. BC031885.1 (SEQ ID NO: 7).

TABLE 31 Short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid Target 5′ SEQ ISIS SEQ Target Gapmer ID NO ID NO Site Sequence (5′-3′) Motif Conjugate NO 148364 7 393 TGCACTTTGTGGTACCAAGG 5-10-5 MOE None 1562 386626 7 1768 G_(C16) CTTCTCCATCATA 2-10-2 MOE C16 1563 386627 7 1244 G_(C16) GGCATGCTCGTCA 2-10-2 MOE C16 653 386593 7 1244 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 2-10-2 MOE None 649 386628 7 1680 T_(C16) GTCTTGCTGCTTT 2-10-2 MOE C16 1564 386594 7 1680 TGTCTTGCTGCTTT 2-10-2 MOE None 1565

Mice were sacrificed 48 hours following injection to determine serum transaminase levels (Table 32); liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), spleen and kidney weight (Table 33); cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels (Table 34); GCGR mRNA levels (Tables 35-41); and full-length and total oligonucleotide concentration in liver and kidney (Table 42). Endpoints were assessed using methods described herein and well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Data is included from a pre-treatment bleed (Pre-Bleed) and post-treatment bleed (Post-Bleed).

TABLE 32 ALT & AST Levels (IU/L) Dose ALT ALT AST AST ISIS NO (mg/kg) Pre-Bleed Post-Bleed Pre-Bleed Post-Bleed Saline N/A 36 51 55 85 148364 50 24 40 40 115 148364 25 26 35 42 87 148364 12.5 23 32 44 69 148364 6.25 28 34 47 76 386626 50 28 40 48 120 386626 25 30 36 44 92 386626 12.5 28 34 44 90 386626 6.25 26 42 46 69 386627 50 27 457 42 451 386627 25 29 97 45 142 386627 12.5 29 62 46 81 386627 6.25 23 87 38 96 386593 50 23 33 46 58 386593 25 25 32 41 95 386593 12.5 26 33 43 74 386593 6.25 28 31 43 53 386628 50 28 68 44 76 386628 25 24 32 40 57 386628 12.5 28 35 42 75 386628 6.25 22 29 40 59 386594 50 29 34 46 92 386594 25 27 31 47 82 386594 12.5 28 33 45 74 386594 6.25 23 48 42 67

TABLE 33 Organ Weights (% saline control) ISIS NO Dose (mg/kg) Liver WAT Kidney Spleen Saline N/A 100 100 100 100 148364 50 103 80 108 123 148364 25 103 75 112 115 148364 12.5 100 84 108 96 148364 6.25 101 89 104 113 386626 50 112 77 104 130 386626 25 109 97 103 120 386626 12.5 96 73 97 114 386626 6.25 100 90 100 95 386627 50 90 113 102 165 386627 25 99 87 99 143 386627 12.5 109 93 102 136 386627 6.25 103 96 102 131 386593 50 96 98 102 118 386593 25 83 94 100 104 386593 12.5 99 82 101 129 386593 6.25 96 77 98 144 386628 50 104 100 99 126 386628 25 102 97 109 113 386628 12.5 101 111 99 114 386628 6.25 98 106 102 151 386594 50 90 80 99 131 386594 25 93 76 99 128 386594 12.5 94 98 100 113 386594 6.25 102 85 101 119

Overall, the GCGR antisense compounds exhibited little to no adverse side effects.

TABLE 34 Triglyceride (TRIG), Cholesterol (CHOL) and Glucose Levels (IU/L) TRIG TRIG CHOL CHOL Glucose Glucose ISIS NO Dose (mg/kg) Pre-Bleed Post-Bleed Pre-Bleed Post-Bleed Pre-Bleed Post-Bleed Saline N/A 132 181 91 96 208 285 148364 50 110 177 81 94 207 228 148364 25 115 200 83 96 219 239 148364 12.5 106 179 85 89 198 256 148364 6.25 86 162 86 89 226 215 386626 50 87 163 79 57 239 179 386626 25 100 187 87 72 235 186 386626 12.5 100 148 82 76 232 185 386626 6.25 86 162 85 90 222 221 386627 50 106 120 83 126 227 150 386627 25 101 148 90 115 218 203 386627 12.5 99 203 86 98 237 219 386627 6.25 111 165 88 104 238 228 386593 50 130 128 100 95 244 213 386593 25 119 135 83 77 206 208 386593 12.5 122 128 83 79 222 233 386593 6.25 120 138 84 78 214 219 386628 50 102 98 88 95 209 232 386628 25 102 129 84 85 210 223 386628 12.5 90 123 90 94 231 240 386628 6.25 117 121 83 85 228 229 386594 50 93 99 84 85 203 274 386594 25 106 94 90 86 219 272 386594 12.5 118 133 85 95 200 292 386594 6.25 112 146 78 94 222 275

GCGR 2-10-2 MOE gapmers exhibited a trend toward lower post-bleed triglyceride levels, relative to the 5-10-5 MOE gapmer, with ISIS 386628 and ISIS 386594 having the greatest dose-dependent effect. Glucose levels also were decreased in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with ISIS 386626 and ISIS 386627. Treatment with ISIS 386628, ISIS 386593 and ISIS 386594 also generally led to a decrease in post-bleed glucose levels. Cholesterol levels did not appear to significantly differ among treatment groups.

To determine whether the phenotypic changes shown above correlated with a decrease in GCGR mRNA, treated animals were evaluated for levels of target mRNA in liver by real time PCR according to methods described herein. Tables 35 to 41 show results from direct comparisons of the antisense compounds targeting GCGR nucleic acid for their effect on target expression. Results are expressed as percent of saline control.

TABLE 35 GCGR mRNA levels following treatment with ISIS 148364 & ISIS 386626 ISIS NO 50 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 12.5 mg/kg 6.25 mg/kg 148364 36 79 87 62 386626 0 8 3 7

TABLE 36 GCGR mRNA levels following treatment with ISIS 148364 & ISIS 386627 ISIS NO  50 mg/kg  25 mg/kg  12.5 mg/kg  6.25 mg/kg 148364 63 87 105 86 386627 3 30 57 74

TABLE 37 GCGR mRNA levels following treatment with ISIS 148364 & ISIS 386593 ISIS NO 50 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 12.5 mg/kg 6.25 mg/kg 148364 56 74 105 86 386593 9 38 74 90

TABLE 38 GCGR mRNA levels following treatment with ISIS 148364 & ISIS 386628 ISIS NO 50 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 12.5 mg/kg 6.25 mg/kg 148364 42 77 98 101 386628 2 18 53 77

TABLE 39 GCGR mRNA levels following treatment with ISIS 148364 & ISIS 386594 ISIS NO 50 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 12.5 mg/kg 6.25 mg/kg 148364 59 98 102 96 386594 25 47 50 96

TABLE 40 GCGR mRNA levels following treatment with ISIS 386627 & ISIS 386593 ISIS NO 50 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 12.5 mg/kg 6.25 mg/kg 386627 5 40 58 42 386593 10 29 34 71

TABLE 41 GCGR mRNA levels following treatment with ISIS 386628 & ISIS 386594 ISIS NO 50 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 12.5 mg/kg 6.25 mg/kg 386628 4 13 38 97 386594 19 50 56 99

Treatment with the 2-10-2 MOE gapmers led to a significant dose-dependent decrease in GCGR mRNA expression. ISIS 386626 exhibited the greatest decrease in target mRNA. To determine whether the observed increase in efficiency with the short antisense compounds is due to an increase in antisense compound accumulation, full-length and total antisense compound concentration in the liver and kidney were determined.

TABLE 42 Total and Full-length Antisense Compound Concentrations in Liver and Kidney (μg/g) Full- Total Total Full-length length ISIS NO Kidney Liver Kidney Liver 148364 90 54 58 46 386626 757 274 355 125 386593 91 12 77 12 386628 496 286 305 202

The results shown in Table 42 demonstrate that short antisense compounds comprising a C₁₆ conjugate exhibit a significant increase in antisense compound accumulation in both liver and kidney. However, ISIS 386593, which was effective at reducing target mRNA, triglycerides and glucose levels, accumulates to a level similar to the 5-10-5 MOE gapmer in liver and to a lower level in kidney. These results suggest that while conjugation with C₁₆ can increase liver and kidney antisense compound concentration, it does not entirely account for the effectiveness of the short antisense compounds.

Taken together, these results demonstrate that GCGR short antisense compounds are capable of significantly inhibiting target mRNA expression while also lowering triglyceride and glucose levels. In addition, with the exception of ISIS 386627, the short MOE gapmers exhibited little to no toxic effects.

Example 5 Short Antisense Compounds Targeting to a GCGR Nucleic Acid and Having 2′-MOE and Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA Modifications

Eight-week old male C57/BL6 mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single dose of GCGR antisense compound by intraperitonel (i.p.) injection at a concentration of 10, 3.2, 1, and 0.32 μmol·kg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. Shown in Table 43 are the sequences, motifs and conjugates of the GCGR antisense compounds used in this study. Bolded residues indicate 2′-O-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) modifications and the italicized residues indicate methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications. All antisense compounds comprise phosphorothioate internucleoside linkages throughout and each cytosine is replaced with 5-methylcytosine. GCGR antisense compounds target published GCGR nucleic acids, including Genbank Accession No. BC031885.1 (SEQ ID NO: 7).

TABLE 43 Antisense Compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid 5′ Target Tar- SEQ ISIS SEQ ID get Sequence ID NO NO Site (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 148364 7 393 TGCACTTTGTGGTA 5-10-5 MOE 1562 CCAAGG 396144 7 1768 GCTTCTCCATCATA 2-10-2 MOE 1566 396148 7 1768 GCTTCTCCATCATA 2-10-2 1567 Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA 396145 7 1765 ATGGCTTCTCCATC 5-10-5 MOE 1568 ATATCC 396146 7 1244 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 2-10-2 MOE 650 396149 7 1244 GGGCATGCTCGTCA 2-10-2 652 Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA 396147 7 1241 CTTGGGCATGCTCG 5-10-5 MOE 1569 TCAGTC

To determine whether the phenotypic changes shown above correlated with a decrease in GCGR mRNA, treated animals were evaluated for levels of target mRNA in liver by RT, real time PCR according to methods described herein. Table 44 show results from direct comparisons of the antisense compounds targeting GCGR nucleic acid for their effect on target expression. Results are expressed as percent of saline control.

TABLE 44 GCGR mRNA levels ISIS NO. 0.32 μmol/kg 1 μmol/kg 3.2 μmol/kg 10 μmol/kg 148364 105  106 73 38 396144 122  117 40 35 396148 20  6 2 1 396145 nd Nd 33 8 396146 98 135 95 35 396149 91  41 30 7 396147 nd Nd 68 28

As shown in Table 44, each short antisense compound having methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in GCGR mRNA levels. Furthermore, the short antisense compounds were more effective at target reduction than the 5-10-5 MOE gapmer. Each short antisense compound comprising methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA in the wings resulted in a significant reduction in GCGR protein relative to both saline control and ISIS 148364 treatment. Next, estimated ED₅₀ concentrations for each antisense were calculated using Graphpad Prism; ED₅₀ is the dose at which 50% mRNA reduction is observed. The results are shown below in Table 45.

TABLE 45 Estimated ED₅₀ Concentration ISIS Gapmer Motif NO ED₅₀ (μmole/kg) ED₅₀ (mg/kg) 5-10-5 MOE 148364 7 50.6 2-10-2 MOE 396144 4 18.1 2-10-2 methyleneoxy BNA 396148 0.1 0.4 5-10-5 MOE 396145 2.1 9.3 2-10-2 MOE 396146 8.3 40 2-10-2 methylenexy BNA 396149 1.1 5 5-10-5 MOE 396147 5.2 37.5

Example 6 Short Antisense Compounds Targeting a PTEN Nucleic Acid and Having Methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA Modifications

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single i.p. injection of PTEN antisense compound at a dose of 8 μmol/kg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. Shown in Table 46 are the sequences and motifs of the PTEN antisense compounds used in this study. Bolded residues indicate 2′-O-methoxyethyl moieties (2′-MOE) and italicized residues indicate Methyleneoxy BNA nucleotides. Each antisense compound comprises phosphorothioate linkages throughout. In addition, the cytosine residues in the gap of ISIS 384073 and in the wings of ISIS 392056, ISIS 392057, ISIS 392061 and ISIS 392063 are replaced with 5-methylcytosines. Antisense compounds target published PTEN nucleic acids, including Genbank Accession No. U92437.1 (SEQ ID NO: 13).

TABLE 46 Antisense Compounds targeted to a PTEN nucleic acid Target 5′ ISIS SEQ ID Target SEQ NO NO Site Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif ID NO 141923 Control N/A CCTTCCCTGAAGGTTCCTCC 5-10-5 MOE 1570 116847 29 2011 TCAAATCCAGAGGCTAGCAG 5-10-5 MOE 1571 384073 29 2013 AAATCCAGAGGCTAGC 3-10-3 methyleneoxy 1428 (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA 391172 29 2013 AAATCCAGAGGCTAG 2-10-3 methyleneoxy 1429 (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA 392056 29 140 AGCTGCAGCCATGA 2-10-2 methyleneoxy 1263 (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA 392057 29 807 GGTCCAGGGCCAAG 2-10-2 methyleneoxy 1162 (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA 392061 29 2014 AATCCAGAGGCTAG 2-10-2 methyleneoxy 1431 (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA 392063 29 3099 AGGCCAGTGCTAAG 2-10-2 methyleneoxy 1226 (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA

Mice were sacrificed 72 hours following injection to determine serum transaminase levels (Table 47); liver and spleen weights (Table 47); and PTEN mRNA levels in liver, kidney and fat (Table 48), according to procedures described herein and well know to one of ordinary skill in the art.

TABLE 47 Transaminase Levels and Organ Weights Liver ISIS AST ALT Weight Spleen Weight NO (IU/L) (IU/L) % Saline % Saline Saline 98.5 37.5 100 100 141923 89.5 34.8 101 108 116847 59.8 29.5 109 108 384073 57.8 29.3 115 111 391172 48.5 32.8 120 112 392056 516 892 125 167 392057 63.8 34.5 125 101 392061 189 42.0 123 111 392063 67.3 21.8 127 134

Overall, the short antisense compounds with methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications exhibited little to no adverse effects. In addition, total body weight did not significantly differ between treatment groups.

TABLE 48 % PTEN mRNA levels in Liver, Kidney and Fat ISIS NO Liver Kidney Fat Saline 100 100 100 141923 102 133 118 116847 37 96 85 384073 24 74 77 391172 18 63 101 392056 27 88 74 392057 33 79 96 392061 24 61 85 392063 6.5 52 72

As shown in Table 48, each antisense compound targeted to a PTEN nucleic acid led to a significant reduction in target mRNA levels in liver as compared with saline treated and control treated animals. The antisense compounds had various effects on target mRNA levels in kidney and fat.

Example 7 Short Antisense Compounds Targeting a PTEN Nucleic Acid and having BNA Modifications

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of antisense compound targeted a PTEN nucleic acid at a dose of 8, 4, 2 or 1 μmol/kg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. Shown in Table 49 are the sequence, wing chemistry and motif of each antisense compound used in this study. Bold residues indicate 2′-MOE modified nucleotides, italicized letters indicate methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications. All antisense compounds comprise phosphorothioate linkages at each position. Each cytosine of ISIS 116847 and the cytosine residues in the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA wings of ISIS 392063 are replaced with 5-methylcytosines, while the thymidine residues in the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA wings of ISIS 392745 are replaced with 5-methyl thymidines. Antisense compounds target published PTEN nucleic acids, including Genbank Accession No. U92437.1 (SEQ ID NO: 13).

TABLE 49 Antisense Compounds Targeted to a PTEN Nucleic Acid Target SEQ ISIS SEQ Target Sequence ID NO ID NO Site (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 116847 13 2011 TCAAATCCAGAGG 5-10-5 1571 CTAGCAG MOE 392063 13 3099 CTTAGCACTGGC 2-10-2 1226 CT Methyleneoxy BNA 392745 13 3099 CTTAGCACTGGC 2-10-2 1226 CT methyleneoxy BNA

Mice were sacrificed 72 hours following injection to determine serum transaminase levels (Table 50); liver, kidney and spleen weights (Table 50); PTEN mRNA levels in liver (Table 51); and estimated ED₅₀ oligonucleotide concentration (Table 52). These endpoints were measured using methods described herein and well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

TABLE 50 AST, ALT and Bilirubin Levels and Organ Weights Liver Kidney Spleen Dose AST ALT Bilirubin Weight % Weight Weight ISIS NO μmol/kg (IU/L) (IU/L) (mg/dL) Saline % Saline % Saline Saline N/A 64.0 31.8 0.15 100 100 100 116847 8 73.0 32.0 0.1 114 92 106 392063 8 50.3 17.3 0.1 115 98 115 392063 4 100.8 31.3 0.15 122 94 116 392063 2 60.5 32.8 0.1 112 99 106 392063 1 57.5 29.3 0.1 104 95 107 392745 8 75.5 23.5 0.13 125 99 100 392745 4 77.0 29.3 0.13 121 100 96 392745 2 69.0 32.0 0.13 110 98 103 392745 1 52.0 27.3 0.1 109 97 104

Overall, the PTEN antisense compounds did not show significant signs of toxicity. Kidney, liver and spleen weights were all within normal ranges. Total body weight did not significantly differ between treatment groups.

TABLE 51 % PTEN mRNA levels in Liver (relative to saline control) ISIS NO 8 μmol/kg 4 μmol/kg 2 μmol/kg 1 μmol/kg 116847 36 ND ND ND 392063 7.4 16 32 60 392745 5.2 11 31 60

As shown in Table 51, each short antisense compound having methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in PTEN mRNA levels. Furthermore, the short antisense compounds were more effective at target reduction than the 5-10-5 MOE gapmer. Levels of PTEN protein in liver were also determined following administration of each antisense compound at a dose of 8 μmol/kg. Each short antisense compound comprising methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA in the wings resulted in a significant reduction in PTEN protein relative to both saline control and ISIS 116847 treatment. Next, estimated ED₅₀ concentrations for each oligonucleotide were calculated using Graphpad Prism. The results are shown below in Table 52.

TABLE 52 Estimated ED₅₀ Concentration ISIS Wing Chemistry NO ED₅₀ (μmole/kg) ED₅₀ (mg/kg) MOE (with 5-MeC) 116847 6.3 45.2 methyleneoxy BNA 392063 1.3 5.8 (with 5-MeC) methyleneoxy BNA 392745 1.2 5.6

To further investigate different types of bicyclic nucleic acid compounds, an additional set of short antisense compounds targeting a PTEN nucleic acid was designed and tested. Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of antisense compound at a dose of 8, 4, 2 or 1 μmol/kg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. Shown in Table 53 are the sequence, wing chemistry and motif of each antisense compound used in this study. All antisense compounds comprise phosphorothioate linkages at each position. The cytosine residues in the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA wings of ISIS 392063 are replaced with 5-methylcytosines. The antisense compound target published PTEN nucleic acids, including Genbank Accession No. U92437.1 (SEQ ID NO: 13).

TABLE 53 Antisense Compounds Targeting a PTEN Nucleic Acid 5′ Target Tar- SEQ ISIS SEQ get Sequence ID NO ID NO Site (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif NO 392063 29 3099 CTTAGCACTGGCCT 2-10-2 1226 Methyleneoxy BNA 396564 29 3099 CTTAGCACTGGCCT 2-10-2 1226 Oxyamino (4′- CH₂—N(R)—O- 2′) BNA 396006 29 3099 CTTAGCACTGGCCT 2-10-2α-L- 1226 Methyleneoxy BNA

Mice were sacrificed 72 hours following injection to determine serum transaminase levels (Table 54); liver and spleen weights (Table 54); and PTEN mRNA levels in liver (Table 55), according to methods described herein and well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

TABLE 54 AST and ALT Levels and Organ Weights Dose ISIS μmol/ AST ALT Liver Spleen NO kg (IU/L) (IU/L) Weight Weight Saline N/A 71 33 100 100 392063 8 97 38 118 103 392063 4 179 36 115 107 392063 2 67 32 109 116 392063 1 68 27 102 105 396564 8 67 25 100 104 396564 4 96 30 102 106 396564 2 68 27 100 119 396564 1 79 39 97 109 396006 8 56 28 110 104 396006 2 139 36 97 105

TABLE 55 % PTEN mRNA levels in Liver (relative to saline control) ISIS NO 8 μmol/kg 4 μmol/kg 2 μmol/kg 1 μmol/kg 392063 6.9 18 39 71 396564 86 97 100 96 396006 6.5 ND ND 70

As shown above, short antisense compounds having α-L-methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications led to a dose-dependent reduction in target mRNA levels. Treatment with the short antisense compound having oxyamino BNA modifications led to a modest reduction in target expression.

Example 8 Single Dose Administration Dose Response Study with Short Antisense Compounds Targeting ApoB and PTEN Nucleic Acids

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of antisense compound at a dose of 8, 4, 2 or 1 μmol/kg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. Shown in Table 56 are the sequence, wing chemistry and motif of each antisense compound used in this study. Italicized residues indicate methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications, underlined residues indicate N-methyl-oxyamino (4′-CH₂—N(CH₃)—O-2′) BNA modifications, and boxed residues indicate α-L-methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA modifications. All antisense compounds comprise phosphorothioate linkages at each position. Each cytosine of ISIS 116847 and the cytosine residues in the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA wings of ISIS 392063 are replaced with 5-methylcytosines, while the thymidine residues in the methyleneoxy (4′-CH₂—O-2′) BNA wings of ISIS 392745 are replaced with 5-methyl thymidines. PTEN antisense compounds target published PTEN nucleic acid, including Genbank Accession No. U92437.1 (SEQ ID NO: 13). ApoB antisense compounds target published ApoB nucleic acid, including Genbank Accession No. XM_(—)137955.5 (SEQ ID NO: 2).

TABLE 56 Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to ApoB and PTEN Nucleic Acids ISIS Target 5′ Target NO Target Seq ID Site SEQUENCE Gapmer SEQ ID NO 387462 ApoB 19 8235 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 193 Methyleneoxy BNA 392063 PTEN 29 3099 CTTAGCACTGGCCT 2-10-2 1226 Methyleneoxy BNA 396565 PTEN 29 3099 CUTAGCACTGGCCU 2-10-2 1226 N-Me-oxyamino BNA 396006 PTEN 29 3099

2-10-2 α-L-methyleneoxy BNA 1226

TABLE 57 % ApoB and PTEN mRNA Reduction (relative to saline control) % ApoB mRNA ISIS Dose Reduction % PTEN mRNA Reduction NO (μmol/kg) (relative to saline) (relative to saline) 387462 8 0.62 92.8 4 6.55 103 2 18.6 105 1 42.0 98.0 392063 8 126 6.79 4 111 18.1 2 112 42.4 1 114 62.3 396565 8 116 23.8 4 1.04 46.6 2 94.4 76.1 1 115 89.5 396006 8 94.3 62.9 4 101 18.2 2 79.7 52.4 1 111 82.4

As shown in Table 57, each short antisense compound having Methyleneoxy BNA modifications demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in target mRNA levels. Notably, the short antisense compound with N-methyl-oxyamino BNA wings (ISIS 396565) also demonstrated dose-dependent reduction in PTEN expression similar to both the β-D-methyleneoxy BNA and α-L-methyleneoxy BNA short antisense compounds. Next, estimated ED₅₀ concentrations for each antisense were calculated using Graphpad Prism. The results are shown below in Table 58.

TABLE 58 Estimated ED₅₀ Concentrations ISIS Wing Chemistry NO ED₅₀ (μmole/kg) ED₅₀ (mg/kg) Methyleneoxy BNA 387462 0.8 3.9 Methyleneoxy BNA 392063 1.5 7 N-Me-oxyamino BNA 396565 3.8 17.4 α-L-methyleneoxy BNA 396006 2.1 9.3

Example 9 Administration of a Parent and Parent Mixed Backbone Antisense Compound Targeting SGLT-2 mRNA

ISIS 257016 was administered to db/db mice (Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Mass.) intraperitoneally at a dose of 1, 7.5, 14 or 17 mg/kg twice a week. Control groups included a group receiving saline on the same dosing schedule and a group receiving ISIS 145733. ISIS 257016 and ISIS 145733 both comprise the sequence GAAGTAGCCACCAACTGTGC (SEQ ID NO: 1572) further comprising a central “gap” region consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, which is flanked on both sides (5′ and 3′ directions) by five-nucleotide “wings”. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) nucleotides. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines. The internucleoside (backbone) linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide for ISIS 145733; however ISIS 257016 has a mixed backbone. The internucleoside linkages for ISIS 257016 are phosphodiester (P═O) in the wings and phosphorothioate in the gap. Forty-eight hours following administration of the last dose the mice were sacrificed and kidney tissue was analyzed for SGLT-2 mRNA levels. The results are shown below in Table 59.

TABLE 59 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA expression in vivo by 5-10-5 MOE gapmers % change in SGLT2 expression Dose of oligonucleotide relative to saline nmol/kg ISIS 145733 ISIS 257016 17 −37.5 −76 14 −31.25 −74 7.5 −12.5 −62.5 1 +3 −44

Both ISIS 257016 and ISIS 145733 markedly reduced SGLT-2 levels compared to saline control. (mRNA levels determined using RT, real-time PCR as described above) However, ISIS 257016 has been shown to be about 20-50 times more potent for reducing SGLT-2 mRNA compared to ISIS 145733. An associated reduction in plasma glucose levels was seen for the treatment groups (661±14 for the saline group compared to 470±23 for the group receiving ISIS 257016). Accumulation of ISIS 257016 and ISIS 145733 in the kidney was similar over the dose range, however little of the full length 257016 antisense was detected in the kidney which supports the theory that a degradation product is responsible for the increased activity. Also the onset of action following a single dose of 25 mg/kg correlated to a time pint were little intact 257016 antisense compound was left.

Similar studies were performed in lean mice, ob/ob mice and in ZDF rats (Charles Rivers Laboratories) using ISIS 257016, ISIS 145733 or saline in a similar same dosing schedule as described above. The sequence of the binding site for ISIS 145733 and ISIS 257016 is conserved between mouse and rat (see Table 60). Reduction of SGLT-2 mRNA in the kidney was similar to that seen above. In a study utilizing rats, at a dose of 10 mg/kg given two times a week for two weeks, ISIS 145733 was shown to reduce SGLT-2 mRNA levels by about 40% whereas the reduction achieved with ISIS 257016 was greater than 80%. ISIS 257016 reduces SGLT2 expression maximally at a low dose of 12.5 mg/kg. Additional studies at lower dosing ranges show significant reduction of SGLT2 mRNA levels with the mixed backbone antisense compound at doses less than 1 mg/kg/wk.

Example 10 Administration of a Parent and Short Antisense Compound Targeting SGLT-2 mRNA

Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that ISIS 257016 was acting as a prodrug that was metabolized to a 12 nucleobase pharmacophore. In a next study, ZDF rats were dosed intraperitoneally twice per week with 1.5 mg/kg of either ISIS 257016 or ISIS 370717, or with saline at a similar dosing schedule. ISIS 370717 is a 12 nucleobase antisense compound targeted to SGLT-2 nucleic acid comprising the sequence TAGCCACCAACT (SEQ ID NO: 154) and further comprising central “gap” region consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, which is flanked on both sides (5′ and 3′ directions) by one-nucleotide “wings”. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) nucleotides. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines. The internucleoside (backbone) linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide.

Following five weeks of dosing the animals were sacrificed and kidney tissue was analyzed for SGLT-2 mRNA levels. The pharmacological activity of ISIS 257016 and ISIS 370717 were similar, however, the 12 nucleotide antisense compound displayed a faster onset of action. ISIS 370717 displayed nearly 80% inhibition of SGLT2 expression in kidney on day two after a single dose of 2.8 umoles/kg whereas ISIS 257016 displayed only about 25% inhibition on day 2 after the same single dose administration. The date support that ISIS 257016 is a prodrug having a 12 nucleotide pharmacophore.

Example 11 Potency and Bioavailability of a Short Antisense Compound

The improved potency displayed by ISIS 370717 and the improved oral bioavailability for these short antisense compounds makes these compounds useful for oral administration. Normal rats received ISIS 370717, ISIS 145733 or saline at 100 mg/kg twice per week via intrajejunal administration. About 48 hours following the last dose, the animals were sacrificed and kidney tissue was analyzed for antisense compound concentration and SGLT-2 mRNA levels. There was a significantly higher accumulation of ISIS 370717 in the kidney tissue (approximately 500 micro grams per gram of tissue) compared to the controls. Moreover, SGLT-2 mRNA was reduced by more than 80% over the controls.

Example 12 Wing, Gap and Total Length Variations Around a 12 Nucleotide Short Antisense Compound

ISIS 370717 1-10-1 MOE gapmer was used as a template to make sequence related oligos with varying motifs. These variations are provided in Table 60. The antisense compounds were designed to target different regions of the mouse or rat SGLT2 nucleic acid, using published sequences (GenBank accession number U29881.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 1575, and GenBank accession number AJ292928.1, incorporated herein as SEQ ID NO: 1576, respectively).

TABLE 60 Short Antisense compounds targeting SGLT2 nucleic acids 5′ 5′ Target Target Site Site on on mouse rat SEQ SEQ SEQ ISIS ID NO: ID NO: Gapmer ID NO 1575 1576 Motif Sequence (5′-3′) NO 257016 2680 148 5-10-5 GAAGTAGCCACCAAC 1553 MOE TGTGC 370717 2684 152 1-10-1 TAGCCACCAACT 1554 MOE 386169 2684 152 2-8-2 TAGCCACCAACT 1555 MOE 386176 2685 153 1-8-1 AGCCACCAAC 1556 MOE 386196 2684 152 3-6-3 TAGCCACCAACT 1557 MOE

The antisense compounds were analyzed for their effect on mouse SGLT2 mRNA levels. Data are ranges taken from three experiments in which mice were dosed twice per week for three weeks with 2.5, 0.5 or 0.1 umol/kg of the above MOE gapmers given by intraperitoneal injection. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours following last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 levels in kidney. SGLT2 mRNA levels were determined by RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The results are shown below in Table 61.

TABLE 61 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 in vivo by 1-10-1 and 1-10-2 MOE gapmers % change in SGLT2 expression relative to saline Dose of oligonucleotide ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS umol/kg 370717 386169 386176 386196 386197 2.5 −82 −85 −80 −50 −20 0.5 −70 −80 −68 −30 −15 0.1 −55 −70 −65 −35 −20

These results illustrate that all the various motifs tested inhibit the expression of SGLT2 in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. The 1-10-1, 2-8-2 and 1-8-1 gapmers were found to be particularly potent.

Example 13 Antisense Inhibition of Rat SGLT-2 by 1-10-1 and 1-10-2 MOE Gapmers

1-10-1 and 1-10-2 MOE gapmer antisense compounds, provided in Table 62, were designed to target different regions of the mouse or rat SGLT2 RNA. All short antisense compounds in Table 62 are chimeric oligonucleotides (“gapmers”) either 12 or 13 nucleotides in length, composed of a central “gap” segment consisting of ten 2′-deoxynucleotides, which are flanked on the 5′ side by a one-nucleoside “wing” and on the 3′ side by a two or one-nucleotide “wing”. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) nucleotides. The internucleoside (backbone) linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines.

TABLE 62 Antisense compounds targeting SGLT2 nucleic acid 5′ 5′ Target Target Site Site on on SEQ SEQ ID ID NO: NO: SEQ ISIS XXX XXX Gapmer Sequence ID NO (mouse) (rat) Motif (5′-3′) NO 370717 2684 152 1-10-1 MOE TAGCCACCAACT 1554 382675 2683 151 1-10-1 MOE TAGCCACCAACTG 1559 379692 508 1-10-1 MOE TGTTCCAGCCCA 246 382676 507 1-10-2 MOE TGTTCCAGCCCAG 246 379699 1112 1-10-2 MOE GGCATGAGCTTC 281 382677 1111 1-10-2 MOE GGCATGAGCTTCA 281 382677 958 1-10-2 MOE GGCATGAGCTTCA 281

The short antisense compounds were analyzed for their effect on rat SGLT2 mRNA levels. Data are ranges taken from three experiments in which Male Sprague-Dawley rats (170-200 g) were dosed twice per week for three weeks with 450, 150 or 50 nmol/kg of either a 1-10-1 or 1-10-2 MOE gapmer given by intraperitoneal injection. Rats were sacrificed 48 hours following last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 mRNA levels in kidney. Target levels were determined by RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The results are shown below in Table 63.

TABLE 63 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA in vivo by 1-10-1 and 1-10-2 MOE gapmers % change in SGLT2 expression relative to saline Dose of ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS oligonucleotide 370717 382675 379692 382676 379699 382677 nmol/kg 1-10-1 1-10-2 1-10-1 1-10-2 1-10-1 1-10-2 450 −70 −80 −90 −85 −83 −75 150 −70 −65 −85 −80 −75 −60 50 −55 −50 −80 −65 −60 −40

These results illustrate that both the 1-10-1 and 1-10-2 MOE gapmers reduce SGLT2 mRNA in vivo in a dose-dependent manner.

Rats were further evaluated for total body weight, liver, spleen and kidney weight. Significant changes in spleen, liver or body weight can indicate that a particular compound causes toxic effects. All changes were within the margin of error of the experiment. No significant changes in body weight were observed during the treatment or at study termination. No significant changes in liver or spleen weights were observed.

Toxic effects of short antisense compounds administered in vivo can also be assessed by measuring the levels of enzymes and proteins associated with disease or injury of the liver or kidney. Elevations in the levels of the serum transaminases aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are often indicators of liver disease or injury. Serum total bilirubin is an indicator of liver and biliary function, and albumin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are indicators of renal function. Glucose and triglyceride levels are sometimes altered due to toxicity of a treatment. Serum glucose also depends in part upon the activity of SGLT2. The levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, albumin, BUN, glucose and triglyceride were measured in rats treated with the short antisense compounds. The levels of routine clinical indicators of liver and kidney injury and disease were within normal ranges and are not significantly changed relative to saline-treated animals, demonstrating that the short antisense compounds do not significantly affect renal or hepatic function. Triglyceride and glucose levels were not significantly elevated relative to saline-treated animals.

Example 14 Antisense Inhibition of Mouse and Rat SGLT2 by 1-10-1 MOE Gapmers

1-10-1 MOE gapmer antisense compounds designed to target different regions of mouse SGLT2 mRNA are shown in Table 64.

TABLE 64 Composition of Antisense Compounds Targeting SGLT2 mRNA 5′ 5′ Target Target Site Site on on SEQ SEQ ID ID NO: NO: SEQ ISIS XXX XXX Sequence ID NO (mouse) (rat) Motif (5′-3′) NO 370717 2684   152 1-10-1 MOE TAGCCACCAACT 1554 379692 508 1-10-1 MOE TGTTCCAGCCCA 246 379699 1112 1-10-1 MOE GGCATGAGCTTC 281 379702 1525 1-10-1 MOE GCACACAGCTGC 293 381408 3034** 1-10-1 MOE TACCGAACACCT 1560 **indicates 3 mismatches to a target sequence

The short antisense compounds were analyzed for their effect on mouse SGLT2 mRNA levels. Data was taken from three experiments in which Male 6-week old Balb/c mice were dosed twice per week for two weeks with 450, 150, or 50 nmol/kg of one of the above 1-10-1 MOE gapmers given by intraperitoneal injection. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours following last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 mRNA levels in kidney. Target levels were determined by RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The results are shown below in Table 65.

TABLE 65 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA in vivo by 1-10-1 MOE gapmers % change in SGLT2 expression relative to saline Dose of oligonucleotide ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS nmol/kg 370717 379692 379699 379702 381408 450 −65 −80 −80 −75 — 150 −55 −70 −62.5 −72.5 — 50 −47.5 −52.5 −42.5 −52.5 —

These results illustrate that all the 1-10-1 MOE gapmers except, ISIS 381408, inhibit the expression of SGLT2 in vivo in a dose-dependent manner in mouse. Activity of ISIS 381408 has been shown in Rat studies (See Table 65).

Evaluation of 1-10-1 Gapmers in Rat

The effect of the above 1-10-1gapmers (see Table 64 above) on rat SGLT2 mRNA levels. Data are taken from four experiments in which male Sprague-Dawley rats (170-200 g) were dosed twice per week for three weeks with 250 nmol/kg given by intraperitoneal injection. Rats were sacrificed 48 hours following last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 mRNA levels in kidney. Target levels were determined by RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The results are shown below in Table 66.

TABLE 66 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA in vivo by 1-10-1 MOE gapmers % change in SGLT2 expression relative to saline Dose of oligonucleotide ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS nmol/kg 370717 379692 379699 379702 381408 250 −70 −85 −75 −25 −5

These results illustrate that all the 1-10-1 MOE gapmers inhibit the expression of SGLT2 in in vivo rat studies.

Example 15 Antisense Inhibition of Mouse and Rat SGLT2 Expression by Additional 1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE Gapmers

1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE gapmer short antisense compounds were designed to target different regions of the mouse SGLT2 RNA but have complementarity across species. The short antisense compounds are shown in Table 67. All short antisense compounds in Table 67 are gapmers 12 nucleotides in length, composed of a central “gap” segment consisting of 2′-deoxynucleotides, which are flanked on both sides (5′ and 3′ directions) by wing segments having 2′-modifications. The wings are composed of 2′-methoxyethyl (2′-MOE) nucleotides. The internucleoside (backbone) linkages are phosphorothioate (P═S) throughout the oligonucleotide. All cytidine residues are 5-methylcytidines.

TABLE 67 Short Antisense Compounds Targeting SGLT2 nucleic acid 5′ Target Target SEQ ISIS Site ID Gapmer Sequence SEQ ID NO (rat) (rat) Motif (5′-3′) NO 379692 508 1-10-1 MOE TGTTCCAGCCCA 246 388625 508 1-10-1 MOE TGTTCCAGCCCA 246 379699 1112 1-10-1 MOE GGCATGAGCTTC 281 388626 1112 2-8-2 MOE GGCATGAGCTTC 281 379702 1525 2-8-2 MOE GCACACAGCTGC 293 388627 1525 2-8-2 MOE GCACACAGCTGC 293

The short antisense compounds were analyzed for their effect on mouse SGLT2 mRNA levels in vivo. Data was taken from three experiments in which male 6-week old Balb/c mice were dosed twice per week for three weeks with 0.5, 0.1, or 0.02 umol/kg of either a 1-10-1 or 2-8-2 MOE gapmer given by intraperitoneal injection. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours following last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 levels in kidney. Target levels were determined by RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The results are shown below in Table 68.

TABLE 68 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA in vivo by 1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE gapmers % change in SGLT2 expression relative to saline Dose of ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS ISIS oligonucleotide 379692 388625 379699 388626 379702 388627 umol/kg 1-10-1 2-8-2 1-10-1 2-8-2 1-10-1 2-8-2 0.5 −85 −90 −75 −80 −70 −65 0.1 −75 −88 −60 −60 −65 −50 0.02 −55 −65 −30 −45 −40 −38

These results illustrate that both the 1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE gapmers inhibit the expression of SGLT2 in vivo in a dose-dependent manner.

Mice were further evaluated for total body weight, liver, spleen and kidney weight. All changes were within the margin of error of the experiment. No significant changes in body weight were observed during the treatment or at study termination. No significant changes in liver or spleen weights were observed.

The levels of ALT, AST, BUN, transaminases, plasma creatinine, glucose and triglyceride were measured in mice treated with the short antisense compounds. The levels of routine clinical indicators of liver and kidney injury and disease were within normal ranges and are not significantly changed relative to saline-treated animals, demonstrating that the short antisense compounds do not significantly affect renal or hepatic function. Triglyceride and glucose levels were not significantly elevated relative to saline-treated animals.

Evaluation of ISIS 379692 1-10-1 MOE Gapmer, ISIS 392170 1-10-1 Methyleneoxy BNA Gapmer, ISIS 388625 2-8-2 MOE Gapmer and ISIS 392173 2-8-2 Methyleneoxy BNA Gapmer in Mice

The effect of ISIS 379692 1-10-1 MOE gapmer and ISIS 388625 2-8-2 MOE gapmer are compared with the effect of ISIS 392170 1-10-1 Methyleneoxy BNA Gapmer and ISIS 392173 2-8-2 Methyleneoxy BNA Gapmer (see Table 69) on mouse SGLT2 mRNA levels in vivo. Data are taken from three experiments in which male 6-week old Balb/c mice were dosed twice per week for three weeks with 5, 25 and 125 nmol/kg of either the ISIS 379692 1-10-1 MOE gapmer or the ISIS 388625 2-8-2 MOE gapmer given by intraperitoneal injection. Mice were sacrificed 48 hours following last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 mRNA levels in kidney. Target levels were determined by RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The data are expressed as percent change (“+” indicates an increase, “−” indicates a decrease) relative to saline treated animals and are illustrated in Table 69.

TABLE 69 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA in vivo by a 1-10-1 and a 2-8-2 MOE gapmer ISIS ISIS ISIS 392170 392173 Dose of 379692 1-10-1 ISIS 2-8-2 oligonucleotide 1-10-1 Methyleneoxy 388625 Methyleneoxy nmol/kg MOE BNA 2-8-2 MOE BNA 125 −58 −69 −70 −75 25 −46 −54 −47 −57 5 −7 −23 −18 −44

These results illustrate that both the 1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE gapmer inhibit the expression of SGLT2 in vivo at the highest three dosing ranges in a dose-dependent manner. The results also illustrate that the Methyleneoxy BNA constructs are more potent then the MOE constructs. No significant changes in body weight were observed during the treatment or at study termination. No significant changes in liver or spleen weights were observed. The toxicity parameters including levels of ALT, AST, BUN, and creatinine were within normal ranges and are not significantly changed relative to saline-treated animals, demonstrating that the compounds do not significantly affect renal or hepatic function.

Evaluation of ISIS 379692 1-10-1 MOE Gapmer and ISIS 388625 2-8-2 MOE Gapmer in Rat

The effect of ISIS 379692 1-10-1 MOE gapmer and ISIS 388625 MOE 2-8-2 gapmer (see Table 70) on rat SGLT2 mRNA levels in vivo. Data are taken from four experiments in which male Sprague-Dawley rats (170-200 g) were dosed twice per week for three weeks with 200, 50, 12.5, or 3.125 nmol/kg of either the ISIS 379692 1-10-1 MOE gapmer or the ISIS 388625 2-8-2 MOE gapmer given by intraperitoneal injection. Rats were sacrificed 48 hours following last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 levels in kidney. Target levels were determined by RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The results are shown below in Table 70.

TABLE 70 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA in vivo by a 1-10-1 and a 2-8-2 MOE gapmer % change in SGLT2 expression relative to saline ISIS ISIS Dose of oligonucleotide 379692 388625 umol/kg 1-10-1 2-8-2 200 −80 −80 50 −65 −65 12.5 −15 −15 3.125 +30 +25

These results illustrate that both the 1-10-1 and 2-8-2 MOE gapmer inhibit the expression of SGLT2 in vivo at the highest three dosing ranges in a dose-dependent manner.

Rats were further evaluated for total body weight, liver, spleen and kidney weight. All changes were within the margin of error of the experiment. No significant changes in body weight were observed during the treatment or at study termination. No significant changes in liver or spleen weights were observed.

The levels of ALT, AST, BUN, cholesterol, plasma creatinine and triglycerides were measured in rats treated with the short antisense compounds. The levels of routine clinical indicators of liver and kidney injury and disease were within normal ranges and are not significantly changed relative to saline-treated animals, demonstrating that the short antisense compounds do not significantly affect renal or hepatic function.

Example 16 Antisense Inhibition of SGLT2 Expression in ZDF Rat

ISIS 388625, 388626 and control oligo ISIS 388628 were analyzed for their effect on ZDF rat plasma glucose levels and HbA1c. The leptin receptor deficient Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat is a useful model for the investigation of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes develops spontaneously in these male rats at ages 8-10 weeks, and is associated with hyperphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, and impaired weight gain, symptoms which parallel the clinical symptoms of diabetes (Phillips M S, et al., 1996, Nat Genet. 13, 18-19). Six week old ZDF rats were injected intraperitoneally with short antisense compound at a dose of 400 nM/kg once a week for twelve weeks. Data are illustrated in Tables 71 and 72.

TABLE 71 Plasma glucose Plasma glucose levels recorded on specific Seq Se- dates (mg/dl) ISIS ID quence Day Day Day Day NO. NO (5′-3′) Motif 10 40 55 66 PBS n/a n/a 450.7 478.5 392.8 526.2 388625 246 TGTTC 2-8-2 435.5 278.7 213.8 325.5 CAGC MOE CCA 388626 281 GGCAT 2-8-2 434.7 300.5 219.8 379.8 GAGC MOE TTC 388628 226 TAGCC 2-8-2 436.0 502.0 411.2 668.8 GCCC MOE ACA

TABLE 72 HbA1c Status Percentage HbA1c on specific dates Seq (%) p < 0.001 ISIS ID Sequence Day NO. NO (5′-3′) Motif Day 40 55 Day 68 PBS n/a n/a 8.0 8.9 10.0 388625 246 TGTTCCAGCCCA 2-8-2 MOE 6.5 5.8 4.3 388626 281 GGCATGAGCTTC 2-8-2 MOE 6.6 5.9 4.0 388628 226 TAGCCGCCCACA 2-8-2 MOE 8.0 9.1 7.8

ISIS 388625 and 388626 significantly reduced plasma glucose levels and HbA1C compared to PBS and control treated animals.

Example 17 Antisense Inhibition of SGLT2 Expression in Dog Kidney (ISIS 388625)

ISIS 388625 is a 2-8-2 MOE Gapmer with sequence TGTTCCAGCCCA (SEQ ID NO: 246) (e.g. see Table 71). The effect of ISIS 388625 on dog SGLT2 mRNA levels. Data are taken from two dosing groups in which a total of nine male beagle dogs were dosed with either one or ten mg/kg/week of ISIS or saline given by subcutaneous injection twice weekly. On day 46 of the study all dogs were sacrificed and evaluated for SGLT2 levels in kidney. Target levels were determined by quantitative RT, real-time PCR as described by other examples herein. PCR results were normalized to an internal ISIS control. The results are shown below in Table 73.

TABLE 73 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 mRNA in vivo by ISIS 388625 % change in SGLT2 expression Dose of oligonucleotide Relative to saline mg/kg/wk ISIS 388625 1 −85 10 −95

These results illustrate that greater than 80% reduction of SGLT2 mRNA can be achieved at a 1 mg/kg/wk dose of ISIS 388625. Even greater reduction can be achieved at slightly higher doses. Administration of ISIS 388625 in dog was also shown to improve glucose tolerance. Peak plasma glucose levels were decreased by over 50% on average and the subsequent drop in glucose was lessened compared to saline controls in a standard glucose tolerance test. Urinary glucose excretion was also increased.

Example 18 In Vivo Testing of Short Antisense Compounds Targeted to SGLT2 Nucleic Acid

Twenty 1-10-1 MOE gapmers that are complementary to human/monkey/mouse/rat SGLT2 were designed, synthesized and tested in vivo for suppression of SGLT2 mRNA levels in kidney. Target sites for mouse and rat are indicated in Table 74. Target sites for human are indicated in Tables 4 and 5. Data are averages from two experiments in which male 6-week old Balb/c mice were administered intraperitoneal injections of 350 nmol/kg of oligonucleotide, twice per week, over a period of two weeks (a total of four injections). Mice were sacrificed 48 hours following the last administration and evaluated for SGLT2 mRNA levels in kidney. SGLT2 mRNA levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis according to standard procedures, using two different PCR primer probe sets, primer probe set (PPS) 534 and PPS 553. SGLT2 mRNA levels were normalized to cyclophilin mRNA levels, which were also measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The results are shown below in Table 74.

TABLE 74 Antisense inhibition of SGLT2 in vivo 5′ Target 5′ Target Site on Site on SEQ ID SEQ ID PPS PPS SEQ ISIS NO: XXX NO: XXX 534 % 553 % ID NO (mouse) (rat) Sequence (5′-3′) Motif Saline Saline NO PBS N/A — — 370717 2684 152 TAGCCACCAACT 1-10-1 −84.4 −84.3 1554 MOE 379684 2070 64 TGTCAGCAGGAT 1-10-1 −45.0 −43.2 214 MOE 379685 2103 97 TGACCAGCAGGA 1-10-1 −10.3 −20.5 219 MOE 379686  2121* 115 ACCACAAGCCAA 1-10-1 −71.9 −75.1 225 MOE 379687 2824 216 GATGTTGCTGGC 1-10-1 −47.1 −52.1 230 MOE 379688 2876 268 CCAAGCCACTTG 1-10-1 −62.6 −70.4 240 MOE 379689 298 AGAGCGCATTCC 1-10-1 −17.5 −30.4 241 MOE 379690 415 ACAGGTAGAGGC 1-10-1 −18.9 −22.5 242 MOE 379691 454 AGATCTTGGTGA 1-10-1 −35.0 −48.6 243 MOE 379692 508 TGTTCCAGCCCA 1-10-1 −88.1 −88.5 246 MOE 379693 546 CATGGTGATGCC 1-10-1 −51.6 −59.9 254 MOE 379694 609 GACGAAGGTCTG 1-10-1 −42.1 −54.4 264 MOE 379695 717 GGACACCGTCAG 1-10-1 −52.5 −64.1 266 MOE 379696 954 CAGCTTCAGGTA 1-10-1 −24.6 −36.2 267 MOE 379697 982 CTGGCATGACCA 1-10-1 −32.0 −46.3 272 MOE 379698 1071 GCAGCCCACCTC 1-10-1 −11.8 −27.0 275 MOE 379699 1112 GGCATGAGCTTC 1-10-1 −83.5 −85.8 281 MOE 379700 1138 CCAGCATGAGTC 1-10-1 −2.8 −16.4 285 MOE 379701 1210 CCATGGTGAAGA 1-10-1 −0.3 −11.9 288 MOE 379702 1525 GCACACAGCTGC 1-10-1 −87.8 −89.5 293 MOE 379703 1681 GCCGGAGACTGA 1-10-1 −44.2 −45.9 295 MOE *indicates 1 or 2 mismatches to a target sequence

Example 19 Antisense Inhibition of Human PCSK9 in Hep3B Cells

Short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid were tested for their effects on PCSK9 mRNA in vitro. The short antisense compounds are presented in Table 6. The Isis No, gapmer motif and SEQ ID NO of each short antisense compound are shown again in Table 75. Cultured Hep3B cells were treated with 100 nM of short antisense compound. 5-10-5 MOE gapmers targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid were used as positive controls. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and PCSK9 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. PCSK9 mRNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in Table 75 as percent inhibition of PCSK9 (% Inhib), relative to untreated control cells. In the “% nhib” column, a “0” indicates that no reduction of PCSK9 mRNA was observed with that particular short antisense compound.

TABLE 75 Antisense inhibition of PCSK9 by short antisense compounds 5′ 3′ Target Target Site on Site on % ISIS SEQ ID SEQ ID SEQ ID Gapmer Inhibition % No. NO NO: 4 NO: 4 Motif Range Inhib 400297 329 695 708 2-10-2 MOE 0 400298 330 696 709 2-10-2 MOE 0 400299 331 697 710 2-10-2 MOE 0 400300 332 742 755 2-10-2 MOE 9 400301 333 757 770 2-10-2 MOE 20-30% 27 400302 334 828 841 2-10-2 MOE 0 400303 335 829 842 2-10-2 MOE 0 400304 336 830 843 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 11 400305 337 937 950 2-10-2 MOE 30-40% 38 400306 338 952 965 2-10-2 MOE 40-50% 40 400307 339 988 1001 2-10-2 MOE 70-80% 76 400308 340 989 1002 2-10-2 MOE 50-60% 55 400309 341 990 1003 2-10-2 MOE 40-50% 44 400310 342 991 1004 2-10-2 MOE 8 400311 343 992 1005 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 18 400312 344 993 1006 2-10-2 MOE 20-30% 28 400313 345 994 1007 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 10 400314 346 1057 1070 2-10-2 MOE 20-30% 26 400315 347 1075 1088 2-10-2 MOE 0 400316 348 1076 1089 2-10-2 MOE 8 400317 349 1077 1090 2-10-2 MOE 7 400318 350 1078 1091 2-10-2 MOE 20-30% 26 400319 351 1093 1106 2-10-2 MOE 0 400320 352 1094 1107 2-10-2 MOE 0 400321 353 1095 1108 2-10-2 MOE 0 400322 354 1096 1109 2-10-2 MOE 0 400323 355 1147 1160 2-10-2 MOE 0 400324 356 1255 1268 2-10-2 MOE 7 400325 357 1334 1347 2-10-2 MOE 4 400326 358 1335 1348 2-10-2 MOE 0 400327 359 1336 1349 2-10-2 MOE 30-40% 36 400328 360 1453 1466 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 13 400329 361 1454 1467 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 14 400330 362 1455 1468 2-10-2 MOE 40-50% 43 400331 363 1456 1469 2-10-2 MOE 30-40% 35 400332 364 1569 1582 2-10-2 MOE 0 400333 365 1570 1583 2-10-2 MOE 0 400334 366 1571 1584 2-10-2 MOE 0 400335 367 1572 1585 2-10-2 MOE 0 400336 368 1573 1586 2-10-2 MOE 4 400337 369 1574 1587 2-10-2 MOE 0 400338 370 1575 1588 2-10-2 MOE 9 400339 371 1576 1589 2-10-2 MOE 0 400340 372 1577 1590 2-10-2 MOE 0 400341 373 1578 1591 2-10-2 MOE 0 400342 374 1621 1634 2-10-2 MOE 0 400343 375 1622 1635 2-10-2 MOE 0 400344 376 1623 1636 2-10-2 MOE 0 400345 377 1624 1637 2-10-2 MOE 0 400346 378 1738 1751 2-10-2 MOE 5 400347 379 1739 1752 2-10-2 MOE 0 400348 380 1740 1753 2-10-2 MOE 0 400349 381 1741 1754 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 13 400350 382 1834 1847 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 15 400351 383 1835 1848 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 14 400352 384 1836 1849 2-10-2 MOE 20-30% 29 400353 385 1837 1850 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 19 400354 386 1838 1851 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 19 400355 387 1839 1852 2-10-2 MOE 0 400356 388 1840 1853 2-10-2 MOE 0 400357 389 2083 2096 2-10-2 MOE 0 400358 390 2084 2097 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 12 400359 391 2085 2098 2-10-2 MOE 0 400360 392 2086 2099 2-10-2 MOE 30-40% 38 400361 393 2316 2329 2-10-2 MOE 2 400362 394 2317 2330 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 16 400363 395 2318 2331 2-10-2 MOE 8 400364 396 2319 2332 2-10-2 MOE 0 400365 397 2320 2333 2-10-2 MOE 20-30% 25 400366 398 2321 2334 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 15 400367 399 2322 2335 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 12 400368 400 2323 2336 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 11 400369 401 2324 2337 2-10-2 MOE 0 400370 402 2325 2338 2-10-2 MOE 10-20% 13 400371 403 3543 3556 2-10-2 MOE 0

As illustrated in Table 75, short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid, having a 2-10-2 MOE gapmer motif, reduced PCSK9 mRNA in cultured cells.

Short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid were tested in a dose response experiment Hep3B cells. Cells were treated as described herein with nM concentrations of short antisense compound as indicated in Tables 76. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and PCSK9 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. PCSK9 mRNA levels were normalized to cyclophilin mRNA levels, as measured by real-time PCR using a cyclophilin-specific primer probe set. Results are presented as percent inhibition of PCSK9, relative to untreated control cells. Also shown is the EC₅₀ (concentration at which 50% reduction of mRNA is observed) for each short antisense compound tested in the dose response experiment, as calculated using Graphpad Prism. As illustrated in the following table, PCSK9 mRNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner.

TABLE 76 Dose-dependent antisense inhibition of PCSK9 by short antisense compounds % Inhibition 160 nM 80 nM 40 nM 20 nM 10 nM 5 nM 5-10-5 95 96 85 78 58 38 400307 93 92 56 45 39 35 400308 86 77 40 26 10 31 400309 78 72 12 38 23 49 400327 55 43 49 23 37 5 400330 71 82 69 40 32 8 400331 82 75 63 47 40 29 400352 64 63 44 40 16 7 400353 48 54 43 23 27 15

Example 20 Antisense Inhibition of PCSK9 by Short Antisense Compounds Comprising BNAs

Short antisense compounds targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid were tested in dose response experiments, in both mouse and human cultured cells. The compounds tested included ISIS 403739 and ISIS 403740. ISIS 403739 is a short antisense compound consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 404 and having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where the nucleotides in the wings comprise (6′S)-6′methyl BNA. ISIS 403740 is a short antisense compound consisting of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 405 and having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where the nucleotides in the wings comprise (6′S)-6′methyl BNA. Also tested was a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer targeted to a PCSK9 nucleic acid.

Mouse hepatocytes were plated and treated as described herein with nM concentrations of short antisense compound as indicated in Table 77. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and PCSK9 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. PCSK9 mRNA levels were normalized to cyclophilin mRNA levels, as measured by real-time PCR using a cyclophilin-specific primer probe set. Results are presented as percent inhibition of PCSK9, relative to untreated control cells. Where present, “0” indicates no observed reduction in PCSK9 mRNA. ISIS 403739 exhibited dose-dependent reduction of mouse PCSK9 mRNA at the doses of 30 nM and higher. ISIS 403740 exhibited reduction of mouse PCSK9 mRNA at the two highest doses of short antisense compound.

TABLE 77 Antisense inhibition of mouse PCSK9 by short antisense compounds comprising BNAs % Inhibition 3.75 nM 7.5 nM 15 nM 30 nM 60 nM 120 nM 240 nM 5-10-5 10 15 21 18 44 43 77 403739 40 19 29 29 32 49 57 403740 3 0 29 13 0 40 33

Human Hep3B cells were treated with mM concentrations of short antisense compound as described herein. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and PCSK9 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. PCSK9 mRNA levels were normalized to cyclophilin mRNA levels, as measured by real-time PCR using a cyclophilin-specific primer probe set. Results are presented as percent inhibition of PCSK9, relative to untreated control cells. The data are shown in Table 78 and demonstrate a dose-dependent reduction in human PCSK9 mRNA following treatment with ISIS 403740. ISIS 403739 exhibited dose-dependent reduction at higher doses.

TABLE 78 Antisense inhibition of mouse PCSK9 by short antisense compounds comprising BNAs % Inhibition 2.5 nM 5 nM 10 nM 20 nM 40 nM 80 nM 160 nM 5-10-5 7 2 21 33 30 59 71 403739 10 5 7 6 25 52 65 403740 6 12 16 29 45 48 59

Example 21 Antisense Inhibition of GCGR in HepG2 Cells

Short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid were tested for their effects on GCGR mRNA in vitro.

HepG2 Cells

Cultured HepG2 cells at a density of 10000 cells per well in a 96-well plate were treated as described herein with 25, 50, 100 or 200 nM of antisense oligonucleotide. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and GCGR mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. GCGR mRNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented as percent reduction in GCGR mRNA, relative to untreated control cells.

Table 79 presents data following treatment with the indicated doses of ISIS 327161, a 3-10-3 MOE gapmer. ISIS 327161 reduced GCGR mRNA in a dose-dependent manner.

TABLE 79 Antisense inhibition of GCGR in HepG2 cells by a short antisense compound ISIS Seq ID Gapmer 25 50 100 200 NO. NO Sequence (5′-3′) Motif nM nM nM nM 327161 520 AGCTGCTGTACATC 3-8-3 −36 −30 −33 −64 MOE

Monkey Hepatocytes

Additional short antisense compounds targeted to a GCGR nucleic acid were tested for their effects on monkey GCGR mRNA in vitro. Cultured primary monkey hepatocytes were treated as described herein with 25, 50, 100 or 200 nM of short antisense compound. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and GCGR mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. GCGR mRNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented in Table 80 as percent reduction in GCGR mRNA, relative to untreated control cells.

TABLE 80 Antisense inhibition of GCGR in primary monkey hepatocytes by short antisense compounds ISIS Seq ID Gapmer 25 50 100 200 NO. NO Sequence (5′-3′) Motif nM nM nM nM 327131 489 ATGTTGGCCGTGGT 3-8-3 0 −8 −36 −36 MOE 327161 520 AGCTGCTGTACATC 3-8-3 −19 −33 −55 −54 MOE

Example 22 Antisense Inhibition of DGAT2 by Short Antisense Compounds

Short antisense compounds targeted to a DGAT2 nucleic acid were tested for their effects on DGAT2 mRNA in vitro. Cultured A10 cells in a 96-well plate were treated with 75 nM of short antisense compound. After a treatment period of approximately 24 hours, RNA was isolated from the cells and DGAT2 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. DGAT2 mRNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented as percent inhibition of DGAT2, relative to untreated control cells in Table 81.

TABLE 81 Antisense inhibition of DGAT2 in A10 cells ISIS Seq ID % NO. NO Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif Control 372491 795 ACATGAGGATGACACT 3-10-3 MOE 80 372500 702 GTGTGTCTTCACCAGC 3-10-3 MOE 16 372501 704 TTGTGTGTCTTCACCA 3-10-3 MOE 28 372503 708 GCAGGTTGTGTGTCTT 3-10-3 MOE 35 372508 719 AGTTCCTGGTGGTCAG 3-10-3 MOE 35 372516 805 TACAGAAGGCACCCAG 3-10-3 MOE 27 372524 738 GCCAGGCATGGAGCTC 3-10-3 MOE 21 372530 746 TCGGCCCCAGGAGCCC 3-10-3 MOE 35 372546 825 TTGGTCTTGTGATTGT 3-10-3 MOE 34 372563 691 AGCCAGGTGACAGA 2-10-2 MOE 48 372569 796 CATGAGGATGACAC 2-10-2 MOE 104 372578 703 TGTGTCTTCACCAG 2-10-2 MOE 59 372580 707 GGTTGTGTGTCTTC 2-10-2 MOE 48 372586 720 GTTCCTGGTGGTCA 2-10-2 MOE 40 372594 806 ACAGAAGGCACCCA 2-10-2 MOE 77 372602 739 CCAGGCATGGAGCT 2-10-2 MOE 39 372618 765 GTGGTACAGGTCGA 2-10-2 MOE 29 372624 826 TGGTCTTGTGATTG 2-10-2 MOE 56

Additional short antisense compounds targeted to DGAT2 mRNA were tested in vitro in a dose-response experiment. A10 cells were prepared as described above and treated with 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0, 100.0, and 200.0 nM short antisense compounds to determine if DGAT2 inhibition occurs in a dose-dependent manner. The data demonstrate that each of the short antisense compounds presented in Table 82 reduces rat DGAT2 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Results are presented as percent inhibition, relative to untreated control cells. A “0” indicates that DGAT2 mRNA was not reduced.

TABLE 82 Dose-Dependent Inhibition of DGAT2 in A10 cells Seq ISIS ID Gapmer NO. NO Sequence (5′-3′) Motif 6.25 nM 12.5 nM 25.0 nM 50.0 nM 100.0 nM 200.0 nM 372562 784 GTCTTGGAGGGCCG 2-10-2 0 0 0 36 48 75 MOE 372568 794 GACACTGCAGGCCA 2-10-2 0 0 15 26 72 69 MOE 372586 720 GTTCCTGGTGGTCA 2-10-2 19 0 7 22 45 77 MOE 372602 739 CCAGGCATGGAGCT 2-10-2 0 0 0 18 47 76 MOE 372618 765 GTGGTACAGGTCGA 2-10-2 0 5 0 27 65 80 MOE

Additional short antisense compounds targeted to DGAT2 mRNA were tested in vitro. A10 cells were prepared as described above and treated with 0.62, 1.85, 5.56, 16.67, 50.0, and 150.0 nM short antisense compounds to determine if DGAT2 inhibition occurs in a dose-dependent manner. DGAT2 mRNA was measured using quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. The data demonstrate that each of the short antisense compounds presented in Table 83 below inhibit rat DGAT2 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Results are presented as percent inhibition of rat DGAT2, relative to untreated control cells. Where present, “0” indicates that no reduction in DGAT2 mRNA was observed.

TABLE 83 Dose-Dependent Inhibition of DGAT2 in A10 cells Seq ISIS ID Gapmer NO. NO Sequence (5′-3′) Motif 0.62 nM 1.85 nM 5.56 nM 16.67 nM 50 nM 150 nM 372500 702 GTGTGTCTTCACCAGC 3-10-3 0 0 0 18 64 88 MOE 372501 704 TTGTGTGTCTTCACCA 3-10-3 1 5 10 11 25 68 MOE 372503 708 GCAGGTTGTGTGTCTT 3-10-3 7 10 4 25 54 80 MOE 372508 719 AGTTCCTGGTGGTCAG 3-10-3 0 0 6 14 39 71 MOE 372516 805 TACAGAAGGCACCCAG 3-10-3 1 10 0 4 35 81 MOE 372524 738 GCCAGGCATGGAGCTC 3-10-3 7 0 5 30 68 91 MOE 372530 746 TCGGCCCCAGGAGCCC 3-10-3 0 2 0 10 38 78 MOE 372546 825 TTGGTCTTGTGATTGT 3-10-3 0 2 11 4 48 78 MOE 372563 691 AGCCAGGTGACAGA 2-10-2 0 0 0 1 4 46 MOE 372578 703 TGTGTCTTCACCAG 2-10-2 0 0 0 2 7 42 MOE 372580 707 GGTTGTGTGTCTTC 2-10-2 0 5 5 3 16 42 MOE 372586 720 GTTCCTGGTGGTCA 2-10-2 0 0 0 0 7 55 MOE 372594 806 ACAGAAGGCACCCA 2-10-2 0 0 0 0 2 15 MOE 372602 739 CCAGGCATGGAGCT 2-10-2 0 0 10 0 19 51 MOE 372618 765 GTGGTACAGGTCGA 2-10-2 0 0 0 0 30 60 MOE 372624 826 TGGTCTTGTGATTG 2-10-2 0 0 0 1 16 38 MOE

Example 23 Antisense Inhibition of Human PTP1B in HuVEC Cells

Short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid were tested for their effects on PTP1B mRNA in vitro. Cultured HuVEC cells at a density of 5000 cells per well in a 96-well plate were treated as described herein with 3 nM of short antisense compound. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and PTP1B mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. PTP1B mRNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented as percent inhibition of PTP1B (% Inhib), relative to untreated control cells. The data demonstrated that short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid and having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif can inhibit PTP1B in HuVEC cells in Table 84.

TABLE 84 Antisense inhibition of PTP1B in HuVEC cells by short antisense compounds ISIS NO. SEQ ID NO Gapmer Motif % Inhib 399301 1542 2-10-2 OMe 55 404137 1053 2-10-2 MOE 76 404138 1054 2-10-2 MOE 76 404139 1052 2-10-2 MOE 80 404140 1051 2-10-2 MOE 73

Example 24 Antisense Inhibition of Human PTP1B in HepG2 Cells

Short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid were tested for their effects on PTP1B mRNA in vitro. Cultured HepG2 cells at a density of 10000 cells per well in a 96-well plate were treated with 25 nM of antisense oligonucleotide. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and PTP1B mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. PTP1B mRNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Results are presented as percent inhibition (% Ihib) of PTP1B, relative to untreated control cells. The data demonstrated that short antisense compounds targeted to a PTP1B nucleic acid and having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif can inhibit PTP1B in HepG2 cells in Table 85.

TABLE 85 Antisense inhibition of PTP1B in HepG2 cells by short antisense compounds ISIS NO. SEQ ID NO Gapmer Motif % Inhib 399301 1542 2-10-2 OMe 43 404137 1053 2-10-2 MOE 71 404138 1054 2-10-2 MOE 86 404139 1052 2-10-2 MOE 45 404140 1051 2-10-2 MOE 93

Example 25 Antisense Inhibition of PTP1B in HuVEC Cells: Dose Response Experiment

Human vascular endothelial (HuVEC) cells were plated at a density of 5000 cells per well and treated as described herein with nM concentrations of short antisense compound as indicated in Table 86. After the treatment period, RNA was isolated from the cells and PTP1B mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, as described herein. PTP1B mRNA levels were adjusted according to total RNA content as measured by RIBOGREEN®. Two different human PTP1B primer probe sets were used to measure mRNA levels. Results with Primer Probe Set (PPS) 198 are shown in Table 86, and results with Primer Probe Set (PPS) 3000 are shown in Table 87. Results are presented as percent inhibition of PTP1B mRNA expression relative to untreated control cells. Where present, “0” indicates that no PTP1B mRNA reduction was observed. As illustrated in Tables 86 and 87, PTP1B mRNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner.

TABLE 86 Dose Response for Human PTP1B in HuVEC cells, using PPS 198 Seq % Inhibition ISIS ID Gapmer 1.11 NO. NO Motif nM 3.33 nM 10.0 nM 30.0 nM 398105 1066 2-10-2 MOE 0 25 79 90 398112 1072 2-10-2 MOE 1 10 73 93 398120 1086 2-10-2 MOE 0 31 80 96 399096 1544 2-10-2 MOE 3 30 78 96 399102 1545 2-10-2 MOE 0 15 62 88 399113 1547 2-10-2 MOE 0 31 72 90 399132 1548 2-10-2 MOE 0 32 75 95 399173 1549 2-10-2 MOE 0 24 63 89 399208 1550 2-10-2 MOE 0 37 86 93 399276 1551 2-10-2 MOE 0 8 61 89 399301 1542 2-10-2 MOE 8 63 91 97 399315 1552 2-10-2 MOE 0 20 68 88 398173 1543 1-10-1 MOE 0 4 80 97

TABLE 87 Dose Response for Human PTP1B in HuVEC cells, using PPS 3000 Seq % Inhibition ISIS ID Gapmer 1.11 NO. NO Motif nM 3.33 nM 10.0 nM 30.0 nM 398105 1066 2-10-2 MOE 0 35 79 93 398112 1072 2-10-2 MOE 0 26 77 94 398120 1086 2-10-2 MOE 0 35 79 93 399096 1544 2-10-2 MOE 0 23 75 94 399102 1545 2-10-2 MOE 0 9 60 87 399113 1547 2-10-2 MOE 0 9 65 90 399132 1548 2-10-2 MOE 0 26 76 91 399173 1549 2-10-2 MOE 0 11 59 92 399208 1550 2-10-2 MOE 0 47 85 96 399276 1551 2-10-2 MOE 0 14 64 86 399301 1542 2-10-2 MOE 16 65 93 99 399315 1552 2-10-2 MOE 0 25 71 93 398173 1543 1-10-1 MOE 0 18 80 90

Example 26 Antisense Inhibition of ApoB by Short Antisense Compounds

The short antisense compounds shown in Table 88 were tested for their effects in vivo. Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered intraperitoneal doses of 3.2, 1, 0.32, or 0.1 umol/kg, twice per week for three weeks. A 5-10-5 MOE gapmer was used for a control treatment. Mice were sacrificed approximately 48 hours following the final dose. Liver tissue was collected for RNA isolation, and blood was collected for serum chemistry analyses. ApoB mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR as described herein. ApoB mRNA levels were normalized to RNA levels as determined by RIBOGREEN, and are presented in Table 89 as percent inhibition relative to ApoB mRNA levels in saline-treated control animals.

TABLE 88 Short Antisense Compounds Targeting an ApoB nucleic acid ISIS SEQ NO Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif ID NO 387462 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy 190 BNA 398296 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 190 6′-(S)-methyl Methyleneoxy BNA

TABLE 89 Antisense inhibition of ApoB by Short Antisense Compounds Comprising BNA Dose Isis No (umol/kg) % Inhib 379818 1 56 387462 0.1 33 0.32 57 1 93 3.2 99 398296 0.1 17 0.32 35 1 80 3.2 98

Table 89 shows that ApoB mRNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with short antisense compounds having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif and BNA modifications in the wings. At the 1 umol/kg dose, ApoB inhibition by the short antisense compounds was greater than observed with a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer at an equivalent dose. Cholesterol was reduced at the 1 and 3.2 umol/kg doses of short antisense compound.

The short antisense compounds exhibited little to no adverse side effects, as judged by organ and body weights, serum transaminases, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine.

Example 27 Antisense Inhibition of PTEN by Short Antisense Compounds

The short antisense compounds shown in Table 90 were tested for their effects in vivo. Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered intraperitoneal doses of 3.2, 1, 0.32, or 0.1 umol/kg, twice per week for three weeks. A 5-10-5 MOE gapmer was used for a control treatment. Mice were sacrificed approximately 48 hours following the final dose. Liver tissue was collected for RNA isolation, and blood was collected for serum chemistry analyses. PTEN mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR as described herein. PTEN mRNA levels were normalized to RNA levels as determined by RIBOGREEN, and are presented in Table 91 as percent inhibition relative to PTEN mRNA levels in saline-treated control animals.

TABLE 90 Short Antisense Compounds targeted to a PTEN nucleic acid ISIS SEQ NO Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif ID NO 392063 AGGCCAGTGCTAAG 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy 1226 BNA 392749 AGGCCAGTGCTAAG 2-10-2 1226 (6′S)-6′-methyl Methyleneoxy BNA 396006 AGGCCAGTGCTAAG 2-10-2 1226 alpha-L-methyleneoxy BNA

TABLE 91 Antisense inhibition of PTEN by short antisense compounds comprising BNA modifications Dose Isis No (umol/kg) % Inhib 116847 1 47 392063 0.1 26 0.32 43 1 74 3.2 96 392749 0.1 17 0.32 34 1 64 3.2 96 396006 0.1 20 0.32 32 1 67 3.2 88

Table 91 shows that PTEN mRNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with short antisense compounds having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif and BNA modifications in the wings. At the 1 umol/kg dose, PTEN inhibition by the short antisense compounds was greater than observed with a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer at an equivalent dose.

With the exception of the highest dose of ISIS 392063, no significant increases in serum transaminases were observed. Overall, the short antisense compounds exhibited little to no adverse side effects.

Example 28 Single Dose Administration of Short Antisense Compounds Comprising BNA Modifications

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of short antisense compound at a dose of 8, 4, 2 or 1 μmol/kg. The short antisense compounds tested were ISIS 387462 and ISIS 398296. Each dose group consisted of four animals. A 5-10-5 MOE gapmer was used for a control treatment. Mice were sacrificed approximately 48 hours following the final dose. Liver tissue was collected for RNA isolation, and blood was collected for serum chemistry analyses. ApoB mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR as described herein. ApoB mRNA levels were normalized to RNA levels as determined by RIBOGREEN, and are presented in Table 92 as percent inhibition relative to ApoB mRNA levels in saline-treated control animals.

TABLE 92 Antisense inhibition of ApoB by Short Antisense Compounds Comprising BNA Dose Isis No (umol/kg) % Inhib 379818 8 77 387462 8 99 4 93 2 81 1 58 398296 8 97 4 81 2 54 1 19

Table 92 shows that ApoB mRNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner following a single administration of short antisense compounds having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif and BNA modifications in the wings. At the 8 umol/kg dose, ApoB inhibition by the short antisense compounds was greater than observed with a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer at an equivalent dose. The ED₅₀ of ISIS 387462 was 3.9 mg/kg, and the ED₅₀ of ISIS 398296 was 8.7 mg/kg. Cholesterol was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Triglycerides were reduced at the highest dose.

The short antisense compounds exhibited little to no adverse side effects, as judged by organ and body weights, serum transaminases, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine.

In a similar single dose administration study, ISIS 392748, having SEQ ID NO: 1226, a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where the nucleotides of the wings comprise (6′R)-6′-methyl methyleneoxy BNA modifications, reduced PTEN mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, ISIS 392749, having SEQ ID NO: 1226, a 2-10-2 gapmer motif, where the nucleotides of the wings comprise (6′S)-6′-methyl methyleneoxy BNA modifications, reduced PTEN mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. A short antisense compound having 2-10-2 gapmer motifs, the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1226, and 6-(S)—CH₂—O—CH₃-BNA modifications also reduced PTEN mRNA in a similar in vivo study. A short antisense compound having 2-10-2 gapmer motifs, the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1226, and 6-(R)—CH₂—O—CH₃-BNA modifications also reduced PTEN mRNA in a similar in vivo study.

Example 29 Single Dose Administration of Short Antisense Compounds Comprising BNA Modifications

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of antisense compound at a dose of 8, 4, 2 or 1 pμmol/kg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. The compounds tested were ISIS 392063, ISIS 392749, and ISIS 366006. A 5-10-5 MOE gapmer was used for a control treatment. Mice were sacrificed approximately 48 hours following the final dose. Liver tissue was collected for RNA isolation, and blood was collected for serum chemistry analyses. ApoB mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR as described herein. ApoB mRNA levels were normalized to RNA levels as determined by RIBOGREEN, and are presented in Table 93 as percent inhibition relative to ApoB mRNA levels in saline-treated control animals.

TABLE 93 Antisense inhibition of PTEN by short antisense compounds comprising BNA modifications Dose Isis No (umol/kg) % Inhib 116847 8 62 392063 8 92 4 82 2 58 1 38 396565 8 76 4 38 2 24 1 11 396006 8 94 4 82 2 48 1 18

Table 93 shows that PTEN mRNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with short antisense compounds having a 2-10-2 gapmer motif and BNA modifications in the wings. At the 8 umol/kg dose, PTEN inhibition by the short antisense compounds was greater than observed with a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer at an equivalent dose. The estimated ED₅₀s were 7 mg/kg for ISIS 392063, 17.4 mg/kg for ISIS 396565, and 9.3 mg/kg for ISIS 396006.

With the exception of the highest dose of ISIS 392063, no significant increases in serum transaminases were observed. Overall, the short antisense compounds exhibited little to no adverse side effects.

Example 30 Antisense Inhibition of ApoB by Short Antisense Compounds Comprising Palmitic Acid Conjugates

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of antisense compound at a dose of 2.5, 1.0. 0.4, and 0.16 umol/kg. Each dose group consisted of four animals. The compounds tested are shown in Table 94. A 5-10-5 MOE gapmer was used for a control treatment. Mice were sacrificed approximately 48 hours following the final dose. Liver tissue was collected for RNA isolation, and blood was collected for serum chemistry analyses. ApoB mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR as described herein. ApoB mRNA levels were normalized to RNA levels as determined by RIBOGREEN, and are presented in Table 95 as percent inhibition relative to ApoB mRNA levels in saline-treated control animals.

TABLE 94 Short antisense compounds comprising palmitic conjugates ISIS SEQ NO Sequence (5′-3′) Gapmer Motif ID NO 387462 GGTACATGGAAGTC 2-10-2 Methyleneoxy BNA 190 391871 GGTACATGGAAGTC 1-1-10-2 2′-(butylacetomido)- 190 palmitamide/MOE/MOE Unmodified cytosines in gap (i.e., 2-10-2 MOE with 2′- (butylacetomido)-palmitamide substituted at 5′ nucleotide 391872 GGTACATGGAAGTC 1-1-10-2 2′-(butylacetomido)- 190 palmitamide Methyleneoxy BNA/Methyleneoxy BNA Unmodified cytosines in gap (i.e., 2-10-2 methyleneoxy BNA with 2′-(butylacetomido)- palmitamide substituted at 5′ nucleotide)

TABLE 95 Antisense inhibition by short antisense compounds comprising palmitic acid conjugates Dose Isis No (umol/kg) % Inhib 5-10-5 2.5 54 387462 2.5 99 1.0 91 0.4 65 0.16 16 391871 2.5 49 1.0 18 0.4 5 0.16 0 391872 2.5 99 1.0 92 0.4 50 0.16 18

Table 95 shows that ApoB mRNA levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with short antisense compounds having a palmitic acid (C16) conjugate. At the 2.5 umol/kg dose, ApoB inhibition by the short antisense compounds was greater than observed with a 5-10-5 MOE gapmer at an equivalent dose. In this study, the estimated ED₅₀s were 1.5 mg/kg for ISIS 387462, 13.1 mg/kg for ISIS 391871, and 1.9 mg/kg for ISIS 391872. The estimated ED₅₀ for the 5-10-5 MOE gapmer was 17.4 mg/kg. Triglycerides were reduced at the 2.5 and 1.0 mg/kg doses of ISIS 387462 and ISIS 391872. ISIS 387462 and ISIS 391872 markedly reduced total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C in a dose-dependent manner; reduction in LDL-C was so marked that it fell below the limit of detection. Overall, the short antisense compounds exhibited little to no adverse effects.

Example 31 Antisense Inhibition of PCSK9 In Vivo by Short Antisense Compounds Comprising BNA Modifications

Six-week old male Balb/c mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me.) were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of antisense compound at a dose of 15, 4.7, 1.5 and 0.47 umol/kg of ISIS 403739 or 403740. Each dose group consisted of four animals. A 5-10-5 MOE gapmer was used for a control treatment. Mice were sacrificed approximately 72 hours following the final dose. Liver tissue was collected for RNA isolation, and blood was collected for serum chemistry analyses. PCSK9 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR as described herein. PCSK9 mRNA levels were normalized to cyclophilin mRNA levels as determined by real-time PCR. ISIS 403739 reduced PCSK9 mRNA by approximately 70%, relative to saline controls. ISIS 403740 reduced PCSK9 by approximately 13% relative to saline controls, however, the reduction was not statistically significant. The lower doses did not significantly reduce PCSK9 mRNA. Overall, the short antisense compounds exhibited little to no adverse side effects. 

1. A short antisense compound 8 to 16 monomers in length, comprising a 2′-deoxyribonucleotide gap region flanked on each side by a wing, wherein each wing independently comprises 1 to 3 high-affinity modified monomers and wherein the short antisense compound is targeted to a nucleotide encoding GCGR.
 2. The short antisense compound of claim 1, wherein said high-affinity modified monomers are sugar-modified nucleotides.
 3. The short antisense compound of claim 2, wherein at least one of the sugar-modified nucleotides comprises a bridge between the 4′ and the 2′ position of the sugar.
 4. The short antisense compound of claim 2, wherein each of said high-affinity modified nucleotides confers a ΔT_(m) of 1 to 4 degrees per nucleotide.
 5. The short antisense compound of claim 2, wherein each of said sugar-modified nucleotides comprises a 2′-substituent group that is other than H or OH.
 6. The short antisense compound of claim 5, wherein at least one of said sugar-modified nucleotides is a 4′ to 2′ bridged bicyclic nucleotide.
 7. The short antisense compound of claim 5, wherein each of the 2′-substituent groups is, independently, alkoxy, substituted alkoxy, or halogen.
 8. The short antisense compound of claim 7, wherein each of the 2′-substituent groups is OCH₂CH₂OCH₃.
 9. The short antisense compound claim 3, wherein the conformation of each of said sugar-modified nucleotides is, independently, β-D or α-L.
 10. The short antisense compound claim 5, wherein each of said bridges independently comprises 1 or from 2 to 4 linked groups independently selected from —[C(R₁)(R₂)]_(n)—, —C(R₁)═C(R₂)—, —C(R₁)═N—, —C(═NR₁)—, —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —O—, —Si(R₁)₂—, —S(═O)_(x)— and —N(R₁)—; wherein x is 0, 1, or 2; n is 1, 2, 3, or 4; each R₁ and R₂ is, independently, H, a protecting group, hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀ aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀ aryl, heterocycle radical, substituted heterocycle radical, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical, substituted C₅-C₇ alicyclic radical, halogen, OJ₁, NJ₁J₂, SJ₁, N₃, COOJ₁, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted acyl, CN, sulfonyl (S(═O)₂-J₁), or sulfoxyl (S(═O)-J₁); and each J₁ and J₂ is, independently, H, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, substituted C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl, C₅-C₂₀ aryl, substituted C₅-C₂₀ aryl, acyl (C(═O)—H), substituted acyl, a heterocycle radical, a substituted heterocycle radical, C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl, substituted C₁-C₁₂ aminoalkyl or a protecting group.
 11. The short antisense compound of claim 10, wherein each of said bridges is, independently, 4′-CH₂-2′,4′-(CH₂)₂-2′,4′-CH₂—O-2′,4′-(CH₂)₂—O-2′,4′-CH₂—O—N(R₁)-2′ and 4′-CH₂—N(R₁)—O-2′- wherein each R₁ is, independently, H, a protecting group or C₁-C₁₂ alkyl.
 12. The short antisense compound of claim 1, wherein each of the high-affinity modified monomer is independently selected from bicyclic nucleotides or other 2′-modified nucleotides.
 13. The short antisense compound of claim 12, wherein the 2′-modified nucleotides are selected from halogen, allyl, amino, azido, thio, O-allyl, O—C₁-C₁₀alkyl, —OCF₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—CH₃, 2′-O(CH₂)₂SCH₃, O—(CH₂)₂—O—N(R_(m))(R_(n)) or O—CH₂—C(═O)—N(R_(m))(R_(n)), where each R_(m) and R_(n) is, independently, H or substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl.
 14. The short antisense compound of claim 13, wherein the 2′-modified nucleotide is a 2′-OCH₂CH₂OCH₃ nucleotide.
 15. The short antisense compound of claim 1, wherein at least one monomeric linkage is a modified monomeric linkage.
 16. The antisense compound of claim 15, wherein the modified monomeric linkage is a phosphorothioate linkage.
 17. The short antisense compound of claim 1, wherein each monomeric linkage is a phosphorothioate internucleoside linkage.
 18. The short antisense compound of claim 1, that is 8-15 monomers in length.
 19. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 9-15 monomers in length.
 20. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 10-15 monomers in length.
 21. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 9-14 monomers in length.
 22. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 10-14 monomers in length.
 23. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 9-13 monomers in length.
 24. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 10-13 monomers in length.
 25. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 9-12 monomers in length.
 26. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 10-12 monomers in length.
 27. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 9-11 monomers in length.
 28. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 10-11 monomers in length.
 29. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 8 monomers in length.
 30. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 9 monomers in length.
 31. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 10 monomers in length.
 32. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 11 monomers in length.
 33. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 12 monomers in length.
 34. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 13 monomers in length.
 35. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 14 monomers in length.
 36. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 15 monomers in length.
 37. The short antisense compound of claim 18 that is 16 monomers in length.
 38. The short antisense compound of claim 1, having a motif selected from 1-12-1; 3-10-3; 2-10-3; 2-10-2; 1-10-1; 1-10-2; 3-8-3; 2-8-2; 1-8-1; 3-6-3; and 1-6-11 wherein, the first number represents the number of monomers in the 5′-wing, the second number represents the number of monomers in the gap, and the third number represents the number of monomers in the 3′ wing.
 39. The short antisense compound of claim 38 wherein the motif is selected from 1-10-1; 2-10-2; 3-10-3; and 1-9-2.
 40. The short antisense compound of claim 1 having a motif selected from 1-1-10-2, 1-1-8-2, 1-1-6-3, and 1-2-8-2, wherein the first number represents the number of monomers in a first 5′ wing, the second number represents the number of monomers in a second 5′ wing, the third number represents the number of monomers in the gap, and the fourth number represents the number of monomers in the 3′ wing.
 41. The short antisense compound of claim 1 having a motif selected from 2-10-1-1, 2-8-1-1, 3-6-1-1, and 2-8-2-1, wherein the first number represents the number of monomers in the 5′ wing, the second number represents the number of monomers in the gap, the third number represents the number of monomers in a first 3′ wing, and the fourth number represents the number of monomers in a second 3′ wing.
 42. The short antisense compound of claim 1 having a motif selected from 1-2-10-1-1; 1-1-8-1-1; 2-1-6-1-1; and 1-2-8-2-1, wherein the first number represents the number of monomers in a first 5′ wing, the second number represents the number of monomers in a second 5′ wing, the third number represents the number of monomers in the gap, the fourth number represents the number of monomers in a first 3′ wing and the fifth number represents the number of monomers in a second 3′wing.
 43. A method of modulating expression of GCGR by contacting an GCGR nucleic acid with a short antisense compound.
 44. The method of claim 43 wherein the GCGR nucleic acid is in a cell.
 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the GCGR nucleic acid is in an animal.
 46. The method of claim 45, wherein the animal is a human.
 47. The method of claim 43, wherein the short antisense compound is the short antisense compound of claim
 1. 48. Use of the short antisense compound of claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament for reducing the expression of GCGR RNA in an animal.
 49. The use of claim 50, wherein the medicament treats a metabolic disorder in an animal.
 50. The use of claim 51, wherein the medicament increases insulin sensitivity, decreases blood glucose and/or decreases HbA_(1c) in the animal.
 51. A method of inhibiting expression of GCGR RNA in an animal, comprising administering to said animal the short antisense compound of claim
 1. 52. A method of treating a metabolic disorder in an animal, comprising administering to an animal in need of such therapy the short antisense compound of claim
 1. 